理清句子結(jié)構(gòu) 識(shí)別似是而非

張育陽(yáng)

中圖分類號(hào)：G632 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1002-7661（2017）01-084-01

請(qǐng)看下面幾道題：

1. The company and the effect ___ brought about did great good to our business in western countries.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year.

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

3. ____ different life today is ____ what it was 30 years ago！

A. How； from B. What a； from C. What； from D. How； with

第一題受思維定勢(shì)影響而會(huì)錯(cuò)選B。但只要我們仔細(xì)地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及正確理解整個(gè)句意，則可看出此題應(yīng)選D。因?yàn)閠he company和the effect并不是并列作先行詞，只有the effect是先行詞，所以應(yīng)選it來(lái)替代前面的the company在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，省略了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that/ which。本句的意思是：公司以及公司所造成的影響對(duì)于我們?cè)谖鞣絿?guó)家的生意具有很大的好處。

第二題其空格在動(dòng)詞see之后因此會(huì)認(rèn)為后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞不定式而錯(cuò)選D。但如果分析一下全局的句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此題是把動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)提前，做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，顯然，所選的應(yīng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)與不語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，此題應(yīng)選C。

第三題會(huì)認(rèn)為what修飾a different life而錯(cuò)選B。事實(shí)上，通過(guò)分析我們會(huì)判斷出此句感嘆的是句子的表語(yǔ)different而不是a different life， 因此次感嘆句應(yīng)用how來(lái)引導(dǎo)。其句子主語(yǔ)是life today。本句的意思是：今天的生活與三十年前相比是多么的不同??！

以上這類選擇題具有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性，這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要培養(yǎng)自己分析長(zhǎng)句難句的能力，活學(xué)活用所掌握的詞匯、句型。不但要掌握其“形”，而且要掌握其“神”，并要掌握其變化規(guī)律。在碰到這類題目時(shí)，從理清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)入手，化繁為簡(jiǎn)，去枝留干，恢復(fù)原狀，判斷這個(gè)貌似某一結(jié)構(gòu)的句子的真實(shí)面目，然后再做選出選擇。

鞏固練習(xí)：

1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could ____ his oral English before going abroad.

A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

2. Everything he ____ away from him before he returned to hid hometown.

A. took B. had been taken C. had had been taken D. had taken

3. Im busy now. Im sorry I cant help ____ the flowers.

A. watering B. watered C. waters C. to water

4. The more he thought about it， the more questions he thought of ____.

A. to be asked B. being asked C. asking D. to ask

5. ---- I dont like him， ____？

---- No， I dont at all.

A. do you B. do I C. didnt you D. dont you

6. The girl ____ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. refers to looking D. referring to looking

7. ____ different good manners may be in different places， the principle of good manners is always the same everywhere.

A. Although B. However C. Even if D. No matter

8. ---- What are you making a long neck？

---- Im looking forward ____ what is going on over there.

A. see B. to see C. to seeing D. seeing

9. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ____ your house.

A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding

10. Who would you rather ____ an article for the wall-newspaper？

A. have write B. have to write C. write D. have written

11. The wonderful time they have been looking forward to ____ arrived.

A. had B. has C. have D. having

12. Has the boy who was made use of ____ realized his mistake？

A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing

13. We must stop pollution _____ longer.

A. living B. from living C. to live D. live

答案與解析：

1. D 此題考查句型devote … to… （to為介詞），all作devote的賓語(yǔ)，all后又有定語(yǔ)從句he could。整個(gè)句子補(bǔ)全應(yīng)為：Mr.Li made up his mind to devote all he could devote to improving his oral English before going abroad.故正確答案位D。

2. C 如若理不清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，很容易錯(cuò)選B。這里he had是定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that。

3. D 句意為“對(duì)不起我不能幫忙澆花”，因此，help后應(yīng)跟不定式做其賓語(yǔ)。

4. D to ask作the more questions的定語(yǔ)。此句改為陳述語(yǔ)序則為：he thought of more questions to ask。

5. A根據(jù)下文的回答No， I dont at all則可發(fā)現(xiàn)前一句并不是反意疑問(wèn)句而是在詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的看法，所以應(yīng)選答案A，它是Do you like him？的省略形式。全句的意思是：我不喜歡她，你呢？

6. C referred to在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the girl。

7. A however修飾different并引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Good manners是從句的主語(yǔ)。

8. B 此句中的look forward to并不是表示“期待，盼望”而是“向前看”，因此應(yīng)選動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。

9. B have difficulty （in） doing sth. 省略了in。

10. A 本題考查have sb. co sth.，本句改為陳述句為you would rather have whom write report instead of you.

11. B they have been looking forward to是定語(yǔ)從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that， that作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

12. C 如果把此句改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則為：sb. make use of the boy to steal，to steal在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。

13. C to live longer在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。