主謂一致考點剖析與高分技巧

馬國民

河南

主謂一致是高考頻繁考查的重要考點之一，在備考中，需要掌握其命題規(guī)律與答題技巧。

一、高頻考點剖析

1.當(dāng)or，nor， either...or，neither...nor，not only ...but （also）等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。

【典例】Either my teachers or our headmaster ________ （be）to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall tomorrow.

解析：is?！癊ither...or...”連接的是并列主語，故空格處應(yīng)與our headmaster保持一致，結(jié)合語境可知，is符合題意。

2.當(dāng)and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物、同一概念或and連接的并列主語前有each，every，many a，no等修飾時，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)。

【典例】The writer and teacher ________ （go）through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.

解析：has gone。空前的兩個名詞指的是同一個人，故空格處用單數(shù)形式，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞since和語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。

3.當(dāng)動名詞（短語）、不定式（短語）或主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。

【典例1】Memorizing hundreds of English words ________ （be）always a big headache for many students.

解析：is。動名詞短語“Memorizing hundreds of English words”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。

【典例2】（改錯）What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.

解析：were→was。主語從句“What I liked best”作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故were改為was。

4.當(dāng)“a （large）quantity of+可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，而“（large）quantities of+可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。

【典例】It is reported that large quantities of drinking water ________ （need）in the earthquake-hit area every day.

解析：are needed?！發(fā)arge quantities of drinking water”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，而主語是動作的承受者，結(jié)合句尾的狀語和語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

5.當(dāng)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞works，means，species，sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese等作主語時，前有a，such a，this，that，each，every等修飾時，表單數(shù)含義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)這些詞前有all，these，many，those等修飾時，表復(fù)數(shù)含義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

【典例】So far， every possible means ________ （use）to prevent the air pollution there.

解析：has been used。主語“every possible means”是承受者，且是單數(shù)概念，結(jié)合句首的狀語和語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

6.當(dāng)主語后跟有but，except，including，like，with，as well as，along with，in addition to，rather than，together with等內(nèi)容時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。

【典例】The father as well as his three children ________ （go）skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

解析：goes?？崭裉幾鳛橹^語動詞應(yīng)與主語father保持一致，結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。

7.當(dāng)“more than one/ many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

【典例】It is reported that many a new house ________ （build）at present in a disaster area.

解析：is being built。主語是“many a new house”，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；主語是動作的承受者，結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。

8.“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“a （good/ large）number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

【典例】Last week， the number of people invited ________ （be）fifty， but a number of them________ （be）absent for different reasons.

解析：was；were?！皌he number of people”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，而“a number of them”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，結(jié)合時間狀語可知，兩個空格處應(yīng)用一般過去時。

9.當(dāng)“part/ the rest/ 分?jǐn)?shù)/ 百分?jǐn)?shù)/ most/ some/ half+ of+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，of之后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

【典例】One third of the country ________ （be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.

解析：is。根據(jù)語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，而“分?jǐn)?shù)+of +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故填is。

【知識延伸】population的用法不符合這一規(guī)律，該詞單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，前有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)等一類詞時，謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

The population of our village is twice as large as that of theirs. 我們村的人口是他們村的兩倍。

Two thirds of the population are living below the poverty line there. 在那里，三分之二的人口生活在貧困線以下。

10.當(dāng)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

【典例】This is the only one of the oldest customs that ________ （keep）up in this district up to now.

解析：has been kept。one是定語從句的先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故空格處用單數(shù)形式；關(guān)系詞是動作的承受者，結(jié)合句尾的狀語和語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。需要注意的是，如果one之前沒有“the only”修飾，則customs是先行詞。

11.當(dāng)題干是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時，即“It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/ who +其他”，如果對主語強(qiáng)調(diào)時，謂語動詞與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分保持一致。

【典例】It is what the pupils do in their spare time that really ________ （prepare）them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up.

解析：prepares。題干整體上是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，對主語從句“what the pupils do in their spare time”進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。

12.當(dāng)題干是倒裝句時，需要判斷出句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式仍與句子的主語保持一致。

【典例】In front of my house ________ （live）a famous musician， who seems to have settled into life in China.

解析：lives。表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時，句子采用全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處作為謂語動詞應(yīng)與主語musician保持一致，結(jié)合語境可知，空格處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。

二、高分技巧點撥

涉及主謂一致的考點時，試題往往結(jié)合動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)進(jìn)行考查，因此在分析題干時，一方面需要結(jié)合好主謂一致的相關(guān)知識對謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式進(jìn)行推敲判斷，另一方面還需要結(jié)合語境對空格處所使用的時態(tài)或語態(tài)的種類進(jìn)行分析，不可顧此失彼，二者需要兼顧，這樣才能敲定答案，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

（一）單句改錯

1. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.

2. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby； besides， Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.

3. He would ask who we was and pretend not to know.

4. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky— they looked like rain！

5. He works from morning till night and hard work have made him very ill.

6. Finally， there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.

7. Good night and remember， you， dear diary， is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

8. Now my friend Ann， together with me， are going to do field study and the findings will be used as materials for our research.

9. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket， but the only clothes I had was those I had on.

10. Katia， like many other Russian girls， are nice and lively.

11. After hearing your sad stories， he will say some words that is nice and warm.

12. There exist now a park that has a small river running through.

13. One day， while my friend and I was traveling through Germany， we were very hungry but we only had a little money.

14. John Brown is a London taxi driver who love going to the theatre.

15. As summer vacation are coming soon， my classmates are trying very hard to get train tickets to go home.

（二）單句填空

1. Many a student _________ （be） late for school because of bad weather yesterday morning.

2. As everyone knows， about two thirds of the earths surface_________ （be）covered by water.

3. The lake smells terrible because large quantities of water _________ （pollute）by now.

4. Either you or one of your students _________ （be）to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.

5. It is important to remember that success _________（be）a sum of small efforts made each day and often _________（take）years to achieve.

6. China Daily attracts a worldwide readership， which _________ （show）that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

7. All we need ________（be）a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

8. Generally， students inner motivation with high expectations from others_________（be）essential to their development.

9. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _________（be）around $8，450 a year， which is a burden for some of them.

10. Ten years ago the population of our village _________（be）twice as large as that of theirs.

11. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course and being too anxious to help an event develop often _________ （result）in the contrary to our intention.

12. Between the two buildings _________（stand）our library which is my favorite place on campus.

13. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what

（leave）.

14. In recent years， the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __________ （force）village shops across the country to close.

15. The teacher together with the students _________（discuss）Reading Skills newly published in America now.

16. If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture，they would realize there _________ （be）a lot of enjoyment in it.

17. She is one of those who _________（be）always complaining about everything and hard to please.

18. How close teachers and friends are to the kids ________ （have）a strong influence on the development of their characters.

19. The country life he was used to ________ （change）greatly since 2013.

20. The teacher， with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class， _________（visit）a museum when the earthquake struck.

21. Two fifths of the land in that district _________（be）covered with trees and grass now.

22. The Princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that ________ （date）back to the days when Walt Disney was a person， not a brand.

23. Large quantities of water， as well as some other timely help including a medical team， _________（offer）since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.

24. Among all the birthday gifts ________ （include）a DIY card， which I like best.

25.The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time on ________ （take）on a new look since 2013.

26. Some experts believe it is the grandparents who _________ （be）to blame for the spoiled child.

27. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea， which _________ （call）the Pacific， and we met no storm.

28. Shakespeares play Hamlet _________ （make）into at least ten different films over the past years.

29.This kind of glasses made in Shanghai _________ （wear）comfortably.

30. The number of people， who have access to their own cars， _________（rise）sharply in the past decade.

31. Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _________（send）to the village school last week.

32. Ever since it was presented to the United States by the people of France， the Statue of Liberty _________（be）a symbol of liberty for the Americans.

33. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting_________（exhibit）at the culture show in 2015.

34. Across the Yangtze River _________（lie）more than one bridge， the Nanjing Changjiang Bridge being the first one.

35. My English teacher， as well as her students， _________（invite）to perform at the party last night.

36. So sudden _________ （be）the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.

37. No one in our class but Tom and I _________（know）that a new teacher is going to teach us English.

38. 40% of the students in our school _________（be）from the other parts of Hunan， which is relatively large number.

39. Still many Senior Three students havent realized reading English newspapers _________（be）of great help to their English study.

40. Walmart， which is one of the largest American supermarket chains， _________ （keep）some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

（三）語篇填空

A

Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance 1 （see）your friends again. But most exciting of all，the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain 2 is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new 3 （be）a common New Years resolution.

Most schools offer different kinds of hobby classes. Students 4 （usual）take them in their free periods or after school. You have to pay for some classes but some 5 （be）free. For example，I once took 6 free Wednesday evening gymnastics class 7 is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum，my parents had to pay for the lessons.

The most popular extra 8 （class） at my school were piano lessons and drama club. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt more stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra skills.

I havent continued any of the hobbies I

9 （begin）at school. But I have never regretted 10 （take）them. My best friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.

B

One of the major holiday shopping

11 （ day）is the day after Thanksgiving. It is 12 （frequent）referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” is related

13 the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So 14 （be）“in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing，a return to profits.

Black Friday is the big day for many retailers，and it presents the shopper an opportunity 15 （get）all of ones holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day，most retailers will open very early

16 usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products，while

17 great number of holiday shoppers will get an early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.

Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores， 18 is the other idea of a “Black Friday”，a day they do not like. It used to be the 19 （busy）shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress involved in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas 20 （see）the biggest shopping crowds.