王國棟 武愛文 李子禹 張連海 季加孚
·臨床研究與應(yīng)用·
聯(lián)合檢測術(shù)前與術(shù)后CEA CA19-9 CA72-4對不同分期胃癌根治術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測價值*
王國棟①武愛文②李子禹②張連海②季加孚②
目的:探討聯(lián)合檢測術(shù)前、術(shù)后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等腫瘤標(biāo)志物對不同分期胃癌根治術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測價值。方法:回顧性分析北京大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院2002年1月至2007年3月收治的564例胃癌患者的臨床資料及血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物情況。所有患者均未行新輔助治療,術(shù)前、術(shù)后均聯(lián)合檢測CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等腫瘤標(biāo)志物。分析CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4等腫瘤標(biāo)志物與胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4術(shù)前陽性的患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率分別為50.0%、24.1%、22.6%,而術(shù)后陽性的患者復(fù)發(fā)率分別為42.9%、21.7%、14.3%。在Ⅲ期胃癌患者中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4術(shù)前陽性的患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率分別為50.0%、55.2%、47.6%,而術(shù)后陽性的患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率分別為75.0%、66.7%、66.7%。多因素分析表明術(shù)前CEA增高是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素,術(shù)后CA72-4增高是Ⅲ期胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素。結(jié)論:對于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌,術(shù)前CEA水平是預(yù)測復(fù)發(fā)較好的因子;對于Ⅲ期胃癌,術(shù)后CA72-4水平的預(yù)測性較好。
胃癌 腫瘤標(biāo)志物 術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)
在中國,胃癌早期診斷較為困難,大多數(shù)患者就診時病期較晚,即使行根治性手術(shù)切除后,復(fù)發(fā)率仍較高[1]。復(fù)發(fā)患者缺乏有效的治療措施,預(yù)后較差[2],21.8%~49.5%的患者死于胃癌復(fù)發(fā)[3-4]。因此,如何在早期判斷胃癌患者根治性切除后復(fù)發(fā)的可能性,是一個很重要的問題。目前國內(nèi)外公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是腫瘤的TNM分期[5],但是其并沒有為腫瘤的預(yù)后提供足夠的信息。腫瘤標(biāo)志物檢測在胃癌的預(yù)后判斷中發(fā)揮著重要作用[6-7]。血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物在不同分期胃癌患者中的預(yù)后判斷方面的報道較少,為了更好地輔助判斷胃癌患者術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā),制定個體化治療方案,本研究通過較大樣本的回顧性分析,探討血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4對不同分期、根治性切除術(shù)后的胃癌患者預(yù)后判斷的價值,以期為臨床應(yīng)用提供相關(guān)依據(jù)。
1.1 臨床資料
選取2002年1月至2007年3月在北京大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院就診的胃癌手術(shù)患者564例,其中男性410例,女性154例;平均年齡59.1歲。所有患者均接受根治性手術(shù)切除,治療前均經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡病理證實為原發(fā)性胃癌,術(shù)前均未行新輔助治療?;颊邿o合并其他器官功能衰竭,3個月內(nèi)未經(jīng)歷急性心腦血管疾病、急性感染及嚴(yán)重創(chuàng)傷。采用2010年美國癌癥聯(lián)合委員會(AJCC)和國際抗癌聯(lián)盟(UICC)聯(lián)合制訂的惡性腫瘤TNM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對入組病例進(jìn)行分期[8]。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 檢測方法 取受檢者入院時空腹靜脈血2~3 mL,于2 h內(nèi)分離血清,4 h完成檢測。CEA、CA19-9和CA72-4測定采用全自動電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀(購自德國羅氏公司)。操作按照試劑說明書進(jìn)行,3項血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物檢測的正常參考值為:CEA 5.0 μg/L、CA19-9 37.0 kU/L、CA72-4 6.7 kU/L。
1.2.2 隨訪 患者術(shù)后最初2年每3個月返院隨訪1次,以后每6個月1次,并且由專人采用電話及發(fā)信等方式對患者或家屬進(jìn)行隨訪,截止時間為2013年7月1日,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)診斷由組織病理學(xué)(外科手術(shù)活檢、細(xì)針穿刺或腹腔液體細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查)、放射學(xué)(轉(zhuǎn)移區(qū)域進(jìn)展)及明確的臨床癥狀與體征(皮下增大結(jié)節(jié)、廣泛大量腹水、腹腔腫物等)3種形式完成。隨訪終點為患者死亡日期。中位隨訪時間為26個月(6~139個月)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 16.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,計數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗,計量資料用t檢驗或方差分析;采用Logis?tic回歸模型分析胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的危險因素。以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 臨床病理學(xué)及腫瘤標(biāo)志物關(guān)系
患者的臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)見表1。CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4術(shù)前陽性率分別為15.1%、23.0%、17.0%,術(shù)后陽性率分別為9.1%、20.5%、13.3%。腫瘤標(biāo)志物術(shù)前檢測中,CEA陽性與分化程度、T分期、N分期、脈管癌栓、pTNM分期相關(guān);CA19-9陽性與年齡、分化程度、T分期、N分期、脈管癌栓、腫瘤位置、pTNM分期相關(guān);CA72-4陽性與T分期、pTNM分期相關(guān)。
2.2 不同分期的胃癌患者中腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系
單因素分析顯示,對于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者來說,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與腫瘤分期、脈管癌栓、術(shù)前CEA相關(guān);對于Ⅲ期患者,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與患者年齡、位置、脈管癌栓、術(shù)后CEA、術(shù)后CA19-9、術(shù)后CA72-4相關(guān)(表2)。
表1 腫瘤標(biāo)志物與臨床病理參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析Table 1 Serum tumor markers and clinicopathological factors
表1 腫瘤標(biāo)志物與臨床病理參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析(續(xù)表1)Table 1 Serum tumor markers and clinicopathological factors
表2 胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與患者臨床病理參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析Table 2 Postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer and clinicopathological parameters
表2 胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)與患者臨床病理參數(shù)的相關(guān)性分析(續(xù)表2)Table 2 Postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer and clinicopathological parameters
通過隨訪結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者中,術(shù)后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4預(yù)測腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的靈敏度為42.9%、21.7%、14.3%,而特異度為80.4%、79.7%、77.9%。此三者比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。在Ⅲ期胃癌患者中,術(shù)后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4預(yù)測腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的靈敏度為75.0%、66.7%、66.7%,而特異度為55.2%、56.5%、54.2%。其中,CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4均與腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。
多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,對于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與CEA術(shù)前分級顯著相關(guān)(表3);對于Ⅲ期患者,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)與CA72-4術(shù)后分級顯著相關(guān)(表4)。
2.3 腫瘤標(biāo)志物術(shù)前術(shù)后變化與不同分期胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的關(guān)系
腫瘤標(biāo)志物術(shù)前、術(shù)后的變化預(yù)測Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌復(fù)發(fā)較為困難(表5);對于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,CEA與CA19-9術(shù)前、術(shù)后的變化有助于預(yù)測其復(fù)發(fā)情況。CEA與CA19-9如果術(shù)前為陰性,術(shù)后隨訪為陽性,這類患者復(fù)發(fā)率較高;而術(shù)前為陽性,術(shù)后為陰性,此類患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率較低。
表3 Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的多因素分析Table 3 Multivariate analysis of postoperative recurrence in patients with stages I and II gastric cancer
表4 Ⅲ期胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的多因素分析Table 4 Multivariate analysis of postoperative recurrence in patients with stage III gastric cancer
表5 腫瘤標(biāo)志物術(shù)前術(shù)后變化與不同分期胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的相關(guān)性分析Table 5 Correlation of preoperative and postoperative changes in tumor markers with recurrence of gastric cancer in different stages
胃癌是最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,目前應(yīng)用于胃癌的腫瘤標(biāo)志物主要有CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4及CA242等。由于檢測腫瘤標(biāo)志物較為簡便、無創(chuàng)、可重復(fù)檢測,患者易于接受,因此臨床中廣泛地將胃癌標(biāo)志物應(yīng)用于胃癌的預(yù)后判斷。但是胃癌腫瘤標(biāo)志物在早期胃癌中的敏感度較低,單用術(shù)前腫瘤標(biāo)志物評判術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)情況尚不明確[9],從而導(dǎo)致其應(yīng)用受限,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用腫瘤標(biāo)志物對于判斷胃癌的預(yù)后提供了一個新的診療方向[10-11]。既往的研究證實腫瘤標(biāo)志物升高的腫瘤患者在手術(shù)切除后,腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平出現(xiàn)下降,在復(fù)發(fā)時又會升高[12],因此有研究推測腫瘤標(biāo)志物的變化反映了治療后腫瘤負(fù)荷的變化[13],這可能是腫瘤標(biāo)志物陽性患者預(yù)后較差的原因。胃癌患者中,不同研究報道的血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物的初診陽性率不同。既往的研究報道,血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA的初診陽性率為10.6%~57.6%,CA19-9為8.7%~50%,CA72-4為18.6%~58%[14-19]。本研究結(jié)果也大致在這個范圍之內(nèi),CA72-4陽性率略低,考慮與試劑檢測盒有關(guān)。
由于目前預(yù)測腫瘤術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的依據(jù)均以TNM分期為主,但是僅憑TNM分期判斷預(yù)后有其局限之處,特別是對于術(shù)前分期的患者[20]。因此,在TNM基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合術(shù)前、術(shù)后腫瘤標(biāo)志物分析可更好地判斷其預(yù)后。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)前CEA是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素。而其它研究也得出類似結(jié)論,表明CEA是胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素[20-22]。得出這樣的結(jié)果,考慮可能有以下原因:1)通過分析血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物與臨床病理參數(shù)間的關(guān)系,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA、CA19-9陽性與T分期、N分期、脈管癌栓有關(guān),這與文獻(xiàn)報道的CEA可以作為轉(zhuǎn)移的預(yù)測因子是一致的[23]。2)Kochi等[21]的研究表明CEA與CA19-9相比,能更好地提示胃癌切除的徹底性,并且CEA與胃癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)性更密切[24]。亦有研究表明腹膜灌洗液CEA陽性的患者有更高的腹膜復(fù)發(fā)率[25],可能這是得出該結(jié)論的原因。
但是,也有研究認(rèn)為術(shù)前CEA和CA19-9并不是預(yù)測胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素,只有CA72-4是影響胃癌預(yù)后的獨立因素[26-28]。Marrelli等[29]報道術(shù)后CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4對于胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的靈敏度分別為44%、56%、51%,即使在隨訪時只有1個腫瘤標(biāo)志物高于正常,敏感性也會達(dá)到87%。該研究認(rèn)為術(shù)前CA19-9的水平對于預(yù)測腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)有最高的敏感度,但是術(shù)后CEA和術(shù)后CA19-9假陽性過高,而術(shù)后CA72-4的特異性較好,是預(yù)測腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的較好標(biāo)志物。
本研究中,對于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,單因素分析表明術(shù)后CEA、CA199、CA72-4的升高均提示腫瘤較高復(fù)發(fā)率,多因素分析表明術(shù)后CA72-4的升高是預(yù)測胃癌復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素。雖然CEA與CA199并不是腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率的獨立影響因素,但比較術(shù)前、術(shù)后CEA及CA199的變化有助于判斷腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率的不同,尤其是術(shù)前為陰性、術(shù)后為陽性更預(yù)示著腫瘤高復(fù)發(fā)率。
近年來,血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物CA72-4越來越受到關(guān)注。有研究報道,CA72-4是胃癌中最敏感且特異性最高的標(biāo)志物,其表達(dá)陽性與進(jìn)展期胃癌及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[26,30]。Cidon等[15]認(rèn)為,CA72-4是疾病進(jìn)展最好的預(yù)測因子。而Kim等[31]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)后CA72-4及CEA是進(jìn)展期胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素。本研究證實,CA72-4與腫瘤分期有關(guān),術(shù)后CA72-4水平是Ⅲ期胃癌術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨立影響因素。
Reiter等[32]報道CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4不是姑息性切除手術(shù)患者預(yù)后的影響因素,但是發(fā)現(xiàn)升高的CEA和CA19-9是根治性手術(shù)切除患者的獨立影響因素。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,CEA和CA19-9升高時患者復(fù)發(fā)率無明顯變化,但是對于Ⅲ期患者,CEA和CA19-9升高時患者復(fù)發(fā)率明顯升高。因此,本研究認(rèn)為術(shù)后腫瘤標(biāo)志物CEA和CA19-9升高時可以預(yù)測Ⅲ期胃癌患者較大的復(fù)發(fā)可能,需要引起特別重視。
綜上所述,關(guān)于腫瘤標(biāo)志物預(yù)測胃癌患者術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)可能的研究較多,甚至有些結(jié)論相互沖突。本研究將胃癌患者通過TNM分期細(xì)化,進(jìn)一步研究不同腫瘤標(biāo)志物對于不同分期胃癌患者可能的影響,可發(fā)現(xiàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌患者,術(shù)前CEA水平是預(yù)測復(fù)發(fā)較好的標(biāo)志物;對于Ⅲ期胃癌患者,術(shù)后CA72-4對復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測價值更大。術(shù)前CEA與CA19-9陰性的患者如術(shù)后隨訪為陽性,預(yù)示腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率較高。通過術(shù)前、術(shù)后密切隨訪腫瘤標(biāo)志物并觀察其變化趨勢,能早期發(fā)現(xiàn)復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移病灶,對指導(dǎo)治療、評估預(yù)后有重要意義。
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(2016-11-07收稿)
(2017-04-10修回)
(編輯:武斌 校對:周曉穎)
Predictive value of preoperative and postoperative serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9, and CA72-4 in the diagnosis of gastric cancer recurrence at different stages
Guodong WANG1,Aiwen WU2,Ziyu LI2,Lianhai ZHANG2,Jiafu JI2
Aiwen WU;E-mail:wuaw@sina.com
1ICU,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing),Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute,Beijing 100142,China;2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education Beijing),Peking University School of Oncology,Beijing 100142,China
Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative and postoperative serum tumor markers,namely,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and CA72-4,in the diagnosis of gastric cancer recurrence at different stages.Methods:Analysis was performed in 564 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer between January 2002 and March 2007,received no chemotherapy at our hospital,and received complete follow-up according to the schedule determined prospectively.The values of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 were evaluated before and after surgery.Results:In the pTNM-I and pTNM-II stage groups,patients with positive preoperative serum CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels showed recurrence rates of 50.0%,24.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Similarly,the recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative serum CEA,CA72-4,and CA19-9 levels were 42.9%,21.7%,and 14.3%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that the positive preoperative serum CEA level could be an independent factor of recurrence.In the pTNM-III stage group,the recurrence rates of patients with positive preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels were 50.0%,55.2%,and 47.6%,respectively.The recurrence rates of patients with positive postoperative serum CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels were 75.0%,66.7%,and 66.7%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that high postoperative serum CA72-4 levels could be an independent factor of gastric cancer recurrence.Conclusion:Serum tumor markers exhibited different predictive values in different pTNM stages.Preoperative CEA level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-I and pTNM-II stages of gastric cancer.Moreover,postoperative CA72-4 level could be used to predict recurrence in patients with pTNM-III stage gastric cancer.
gastric cancer,serum tumor marker,postoperative recurrence
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.07.280
①北京大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院暨北京市腫瘤防治研究所ICU,惡性腫瘤發(fā)病機(jī)制及轉(zhuǎn)化研究教育部重點實驗室(北京市100142);②胃腸腫瘤中心
*本文課題受北京市衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)215高技術(shù)人才項目(編號:2013-3-085)資助
武愛文 wuaw@sina.com
王國棟 專業(yè)方向為胃腸道腫瘤臨床及基礎(chǔ)治療,胃腸道術(shù)后危重癥處理等。
E-mail:wgd0634@163.com