終于找到根源了：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)不好與基因有關(guān)

If the very thought of spatial and mathematical tasks， such as reading a map or solving a geometry problem， makes you nervous， it could be partly due to your genes， suggests a new research. “Our results have important implications for finding specific genes which contribute to differences in anxiety between people，” said Margherita Malanchini from the Institute of Psychiatry， Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London.

你是不是經(jīng)常會(huì)有這種感覺(jué)，只要一想到空間和數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題就會(huì)變得緊張焦慮，比如在查閱地圖或者求解幾何問(wèn)題時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這可能有一部分是因?yàn)槟愕幕騿?wèn)題。就職于倫敦國(guó)王學(xué)院精神病學(xué)、心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所的Margherita Malanchini 稱，“研究人員現(xiàn)在正在尋找一些造成人與人之間焦慮差異的特定基因，而我們的調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)他們的工作有著重要意義?！?/p>

“Pinpointing specific genes for anxiety could help in identifying children who are most at risk from very early in their lives， and subsequently to intervene and prevent the development of anxiety，” Malanchini added.

Malanchini 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“如果能找到引發(fā)人們焦慮的特定基因，就可以從早期識(shí)別出那些面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高的兒童，從而對(duì)這些基因采取干預(yù)手段，預(yù)防焦慮的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。”

In the study， published in the journal Scientific Reports， researchers measured anxiety in a sample of more than 1，400 twin pairs aged 19 to 21 from the Twins Early Development Study （TEDS）.

這份研究被發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》雜志上，研究人員在《雙胞胎早期發(fā)展研究》（TEDS）上選取了1400多對(duì)19到21歲的雙胞胎樣本，并對(duì)他們的焦慮水平進(jìn)行了測(cè)定。

The researchers identified several different forms of anxiety — general， mathematics， navigation and rotation/visualisation.

由此研究人員總結(jié)出幾種不同形式的焦慮：一般性焦慮、數(shù)學(xué)焦慮、駕駛焦慮以及旋轉(zhuǎn)/視覺(jué)化焦慮。

All forms of anxiety showed a substantial genetic component， with DNA explaining over a third of the differences between people.

而所有形式的焦慮都是由大量的遺傳因素造成的，人類之間超過(guò)三分之一的差異都可以用基因來(lái)解釋。

Non-shared environments were found to explain the rest of the differences between people in spatial anxiety， which are environments that twins raised in the same family do not share， such as different extra-curricular activities， teachers and friends.

研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了基因，導(dǎo)致人與人之間產(chǎn)生空間焦慮差異的還有另外一個(gè)因素，那就是不共享環(huán)境，顧名思義，不共享環(huán)境就是生活在同一家庭下的雙胞胎不會(huì)彼此分享的環(huán)境，例如兩個(gè)人有不一樣的課外活動(dòng)、老師和同學(xué)等。

Non-shared environments such as driving， cycling or playing computer games may be particularly relevant to spatial anxiety， the researchers said.

研究人員稱，類似于開(kāi)車(chē)、騎自行車(chē)或者玩電腦游戲時(shí)的不共享環(huán)境可能和空間焦慮尤其相關(guān)。

The study also showed that people who are anxious about navigation are not necessarily anxious about rotation/visualisation tasks， such as completing a complex jigsaw puzzle.

這項(xiàng)研究同時(shí)說(shuō)明，對(duì)駕駛感到焦慮的人不一定會(huì)對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)/視覺(jué)化的任務(wù)（比如完成一幅復(fù)雜的拼圖）感到焦慮。

The same was found for mathematics and general anxiety， showing that those who experience spatial anxiety do not necessarily tend to experience anxiety when faced with a mathematical tasks.

而在對(duì)比數(shù)學(xué)和一般性焦慮時(shí)，研究人員也得出了同樣的結(jié)論，即那些有空間焦慮的人不一定對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)也感到焦慮。

The researchers also found a small but significant gender difference in their sample， with women showing higher levels of anxiety than men across all areas.

研究人員還在樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)雖然很小但是卻很重要的性別差異，女性在所有領(lǐng)域中的焦慮水平都要高于男性。

This could be due to women being more willing to disclose their feelings of anxiety， or anxiety caused by the stereotype that STEM （Science， Technology， Engineering and Mathematics） subjects are “for men”， the researchers said.

對(duì)此研究人員表示，這可能是因?yàn)榕愿敢獗砺冻鲎约航箲]的感覺(jué)，或者是受刻板印象的影響，覺(jué)得科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)（STEM）這些科目都是給男生準(zhǔn)備的，因而在接觸相關(guān)東西的時(shí)候就會(huì)感到焦慮。