濱海灣花園之灣南花園，新加坡

濱海灣花園/Gardens by the Bay

濱海灣花園之灣南花園，新加坡

Bay South of Gardens by the Bay, Singapore, 2012

濱海灣花園/Gardens by the Bay

1 全景/General view

新加坡已經(jīng)開啟由“花園城市”走向“花園中的城市”的國際都市轉(zhuǎn)型之路，制定了周全的全盤計(jì)劃來提升綠化及植被覆蓋率，由此顯著提升新加坡的生活品質(zhì)。

濱海灣花園意識(shí)到了這項(xiàng)政策動(dòng)向，立即制定了發(fā)展規(guī)劃。在新一期規(guī)劃中，濱海灣花園定位為國際領(lǐng)先標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)在可持續(xù)自然資源的管理及其他方面，采用前沿的創(chuàng)新成果和環(huán)境友好技術(shù)。濱海灣花園項(xiàng)目由國家公園委員會(huì)發(fā)起，此后逐步發(fā)展為一個(gè)獨(dú)立組織。

濱海灣花園擴(kuò)建后的占地面積達(dá)101hm2，這片濱海公園將成為濱海灣景觀的一部分。它是新加坡建設(shè)國際大都市下一階段發(fā)展的核心項(xiàng)目，也是新加坡走向“花園中的城市”這一愿景的必備部分——讓這座島國成為一片綠植與鮮花所編織的地毯。在這一計(jì)劃框架下，濱海灣花園凝聚了新加坡這座花園中的熱帶大都市的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)涵——為人們提供完美的生活、工作和游憩環(huán)境。

濱海灣花園的設(shè)計(jì)理念遵循環(huán)境可持續(xù)性原則。花園建設(shè)一期是“灣南花園”，能量與水源的可持續(xù)循環(huán)是規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的共同目標(biāo)。

冷卻溫室

這兩座玻璃冷卻溫室——分別是“花穹頂”與“云森林”——容納了兩個(gè)生物群落，分別模擬了干冷地中海氣候下的亞熱帶半干燥地區(qū)，和濕冷氣候下的熱帶山區(qū)。溫室中培植著多種多樣的植物，它們在新加坡所在的區(qū)域很少見，卻有很高的保護(hù)價(jià)值。

制冷機(jī)所使用的能量是由生物質(zhì)鍋爐供給的，鍋爐燃料來自濱海灣花園和新加坡全島范圍內(nèi)的國家公園所產(chǎn)生的農(nóng)業(yè)廢料。

冷卻溫室如同一項(xiàng)可持續(xù)工程的宣言，應(yīng)用了一系列前沿科技，來提供制冷的節(jié)能措施。

·這兩座建筑采用的玻璃材料，能夠最大限度采光，同時(shí)過濾掉大部分熱量。

·溫室內(nèi)只對正在使用的區(qū)域進(jìn)行制冷，由此降低需要冷卻的空氣量。

·溫室中的空氣首先會(huì)排入液體干燥劑，以降低空氣濕度。這道程序能節(jié)省冷卻過程所需的能量。

一項(xiàng)能耗分析報(bào)告顯示，在應(yīng)用這些節(jié)能技術(shù)后，溫室的耗能僅與新加坡相同占地和高度的普通商業(yè)建筑的耗能相當(dāng)——平均至24h的制冷周期來看。

溫室中使用的這套技術(shù)相比傳統(tǒng)制冷技術(shù)來說，能實(shí)現(xiàn)至少30%的節(jié)能。

超級樹

“超級樹”模擬了熱帶雨林中成熟的巨型樹木的外形及功能。

這18座樹形結(jié)構(gòu)，高度從25～50m不等。它們是獨(dú)一無二的垂直花園，展示了多樣性的鳳梨科、蕨類、蘭科植物及熱帶攀援花卉。如此巨大的尺度在其他花園中前所未見。

其中11棵“超級樹”應(yīng)用了環(huán)境可持續(xù)技術(shù)。有些在冠部安裝光伏電池，所捕獲的太陽能會(huì)在晚上用于“超級樹”的照明；另一些“超級樹”與冷卻溫室相結(jié)合，作為溫室的排氣裝置。

湖水系統(tǒng)

花園中的湖水系統(tǒng)集合了關(guān)鍵的生態(tài)功能，是一個(gè)活態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它既是花園集水系統(tǒng)中的天然水源過濾器，又為魚類、蜻蜓等多樣性生物提供了水生棲居地。

湖水系統(tǒng)由兩個(gè)主要湖體組成——蜻蜓湖與翠鳥湖，它也是濱海灣儲(chǔ)水系統(tǒng)的延伸。花園中流失的水分將會(huì)匯集至湖水系統(tǒng)中，并由水生植物凈化，最終排入儲(chǔ)水池。湖水中的天然凈化水也會(huì)用于花園的內(nèi)置灌溉系統(tǒng)。

湖水系統(tǒng)展現(xiàn)了植物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康運(yùn)行中發(fā)揮的關(guān)鍵作用。它將提升人們對自然界中水生植物價(jià)值的認(rèn)知，并強(qiáng)調(diào)潔凈水源在維持生物多樣性中的重要性。（黃華青 譯）

Singapore has been embarking on a paradigm shift as it develops from a 'Garden City' to a 'City in a Garden' in a global city, with a much more holistic and all-encompassing programme to enhance greenery and flora, and so, to raise the quality of life in Singapore significantly.

Gardens by the Bay realises this paradigm shift and partakes antiphase of development. Premier development leading this new phase, Gardens by the Bay is positioned with the best international standards, in applying cutting-edge innovations and environmentally friendly technology, for sustainable natural resource management and other aspects. Started as a project by the National Parks Board, the Gardens has since grown to become an independent organisation.

Gardens by the Bay will eventually occupy 101 hectares of prime land by the water as part of Marina Bay. Situated at the heart of Singapore's next phase of development as a global city, the Gardens is an integral part of Singapore's 'City in a Garden' vision in which the island-state is woven into a green and floral tapestry. Under this plan, Gardens by the Bay will capture the essence of Singapore as the premier tropical City in a Garden with the perfect environment in which to live, work and play.

Underlying the concept of Gardens by the Bay are the principles of environmental sustainability. For Bay South, the first phase of the Gardens' development, a concerted effort was made to plan and design for sustainable cycles in energy and water.

Cooled conservatories

Comprising two glass biomes, the cooled conservatories – Flower Dome and Cloud Forest -replicate the cool-dry climate of the Mediterranean and semi-arid sub-tropical regions and the coolmoist climate of the Tropical Montane region respectively. They house a diverse collection of plants that are not commonly seen in this part of the world and are of high conservation value.

The energy used for powering the chillers is produced by a biomass furnace that uses horticultural waste produced within Gardens by the Bay and island-wide by Singapore's National Parks Board.

The cooled conservatories are a statement in sustainable engineering and apply a suite of cuttingedge technologies that provide energy-efficient solutions in cooling:

·The two structures are fitted with a glass material that allows optimal light in but cuts out a substantial amount of heat.

·Tey also apply the strategy of cooling only the occupied zones, thus reducing the volume of air to be cooled.

·The air in the conservatories is first dehumidified by liquid desiccant, which reduces the moisture content of the air. This cuts down the amount of energy required in the cooling process.

An energy modelling study showed that, by applying the technologies, the energy consumption for the conservatories is comparable to that of an average commercial building in Singapore of the same footprint and height, normalised to a 24-hour cooling period.

Tis suite of technologies can help to achieve at least 30% savings in energy consumption, compared to conventional cooling technologies.

2 湖邊全景/General view from the lake

3 冷室與超級樹共生關(guān)系的圖示/Schematic diagramdemonstrating the symbiotic relationship between the Cool Conservatories and the Supertrees

4 蘆葦床剖面/Section showing reed beds

Supertrees

Te Supertrees reflect the form and function of mature trees to illustrate the emergent giants of the ainforest.

Ranging in height from 25 ～ 50m, the 18 treeike structures serve as unique vertical gardens howcasing a diverse variety of bromeliads, ferns, rchids and tropical flowering climbers, on scale ever before presented in a garden.

Eleven of the Supertrees are embedded with nvironmentally sustainable features. Some have hotovoltaic cells on their canopies to harvest solar nergy for lighting up the Supertrees at night. Others are integrated with the cooled conservatories nd serve as air exhaust structures.

Lake system

The Gardens' lake system incorporates key cological processes and functions as a living system. It acts as a natural filtration for water from the Gardens catchment and provides aquatic habitats for biodiversity such as fishes and dragonflies.

Encompassing two main lakes –the Dragonfly Lake and Kingfisher Lake, the lake system is designed to be an extension of the Marina Reservoir. Water run-off from within the Gardens is captured by the lake system and cleansed by aquatic plants before being discharged into the reservoir. Naturally treated water from the lake system is also used in the built-in irrigation system for the Gardens.

The lake system exemplifies the role and importance of plants in the healthy functioning of our ecosystem. It raises awareness of the value that aquatic plants play in nature, and highlights the significance of clean water in sustaining biodiversity.

5.6 冷室內(nèi)景/Interior view of the Cool Conservatories

7.8 超級樹/Supertrees

評論

龍灝：在“生物準(zhǔn)則城市”原則的指導(dǎo)下，這個(gè)位于新加坡的園林與新建溫室項(xiàng)目呈現(xiàn)出了某種不同于傳統(tǒng)植物園的形態(tài)，無論是溫室的建筑形態(tài)還是最高達(dá)到50m的“垂直花園” ——“超級樹”。建設(shè)者不再一味簡單地為了給來自氣候迥異于新加坡熱帶氣候的、超過10萬種的來自其他地區(qū)的植物提供合適的人造環(huán)境而不顧因此造成的巨大能耗和碳排放，而是盡力從建筑形態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)開始就試圖營造一個(gè)既利用人工新技術(shù)、也利用這些傳統(tǒng)上只被視為觀賞對象的各類植物所產(chǎn)生的“生物能”，形成可以減低或消化自身排放、能耗“自洽”的小環(huán)境。這一項(xiàng)目的實(shí)踐，無疑將對未來所有人造環(huán)境的規(guī)劃與建筑設(shè)計(jì)、材料與技術(shù)應(yīng)用提供一個(gè)可以深入研究的案例。

林波榮：濱海南花園令人印象深刻的是用高科技的手段，將自然、環(huán)保、生態(tài)的理念融于一體。高透光強(qiáng)遮陽的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、地板供冷、溶液除濕、熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)等技術(shù)應(yīng)用于特色景點(diǎn)花穹和云霧林冷室，在我印象里似乎是第一次。這些技術(shù)對于高熱高濕的新加坡地區(qū)而言，有利于系統(tǒng)能源利用效率的顯著提升，節(jié)能近30%。特別有趣的是，擎天大樹樹冠體現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)式技術(shù)（如遮陽、雨水回收）和機(jī)械通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、太陽能光伏電池等主動(dòng)式系統(tǒng)的結(jié)合，在形式上是一種創(chuàng)新。其雨水收集過濾系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)理念也值得稱道，花園內(nèi)的徑流由水生植物凈化后排入臨近的濱海灣蓄水池，經(jīng)過天然處理的水源還成為新的灌溉水源。

Comments

LONG Hao: Under the guidance of 'bioprincipled city', this newly built garden and conservatories project in Singapore showed a different form from traditional botanical gardens, whether it's the architectural form of the conservatories or the 'vertical gardens' reaching 50m -'Supertrees'. Te architect no longer simply provides artificial environments suitable for the plants coming from over a hundred thousand different regions whose climates greatly differ from the tropical climate in Singapore, regardless of the huge energy consumption and carbon emissions, but tries to create a small environment that can reduce or digest its own emissions and be self-consistent with its energy consumption, taking into use both artificial technology and the 'bio-energy' produced by plants which traditionally are regarded only as ornamental objects from the design of the architectural form. Te practice of this project will undoubtedly provide a sample for in-depth study of the planning and architectural design and the application of materials and technology for all man-made environments in the future. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

LIN Borong: What most impressive for Gardens by the Bay is its high-tech solution unifying the concept of nature, environment and ecology in to a comprehensive whole. Technologies such as highly translucent yet solar shading effective building envelope, floor cooling, dehumidifier, and heat-power cogeneration are applied at architecture scale, for the first time to my knowledge, in the special attraction super trees as well as the two cooled conservatories. These technologies are especially effective in increasing the efficiency of energy consumption for a city with high temperature and humidity, such as Singapore, saving 30% of energy. What's even more interesting is that the crown of the super tree reflects the formal innovation that combines the passive systems such as shading and rain water collection with positive systems such as mechanical ventilated airconditioning system and solar panels. At the same time, the realisation of the concept of rain water collection and cleaning system is also very worth mentioning. Te streams in the garden will be biologically cleaned after flowing through the water purifying plants before discharged into water reservoir at the Bay. Ten the naturally cleaned water may also serve as irrigation water in return. (Translated by LUO Dan)

9 園區(qū)內(nèi)景/Main Garden（1-9圖片來源/Source: Gardens by the bay）