亥帕龍：農(nóng)業(yè)空中花園
——捷彼花園體育城，大諾伊達(dá)，印度

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：文森特·卡勒博建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

Architects: Vincent Callebaut Architectures

亥帕龍：農(nóng)業(yè)空中花園
——捷彼花園體育城，大諾伊達(dá)，印度

Hyperions: Agritectural Garden Towers for Jaypee Greens Sports City, Greater Noida, India

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：文森特·卡勒博建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

Architects: Vincent Callebaut Architectures

1 外景/Exterior view

停止生態(tài)滅絕：通往農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)革命之路

我的名字叫阿姆拉庫(kù)蘇姆，是一個(gè)45歲的印度農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)家。在過(guò)去的5年里，我和家人住在一個(gè)叫做“亥帕龍”的社區(qū)的中心，這是一個(gè)生產(chǎn)能源比其消耗能量更多的正能耗垂直生態(tài)社區(qū)。通過(guò)建筑師、農(nóng)業(yè)工程師、農(nóng)藝師和農(nóng)民之間的通力合作，我構(gòu)想了這個(gè)植根捷彼綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)城的花園生態(tài)塔項(xiàng)目，這一項(xiàng)目有兩大目標(biāo)——能耗的去中心化和食品的去工業(yè)化。我的想法是用一種整體性方案來(lái)結(jié)合最好的低技術(shù)和高技術(shù)，而不是系統(tǒng)化地反對(duì)技術(shù)。而我們的目標(biāo)是通過(guò)環(huán)境保護(hù)和生物多樣化來(lái)調(diào)和城市的自然再生和小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)。

捷彼是一個(gè)位于德里國(guó)家首都區(qū)的新城市，這里是世界上最大的城市群之一，有5000萬(wàn)居民?，F(xiàn)在的捷彼充斥著混凝土建筑和各種污染，而我的理想是將其變成先鋒性的城市農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)示范區(qū)。

我每天的工作挑戰(zhàn)就是想基于尊重環(huán)境和社會(huì)的綠色發(fā)展模式來(lái)重塑城市和人口的發(fā)展模型。在令人窒息的印度的環(huán)境中，我想找到一種不一樣的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)，以此來(lái)為不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口提供住所和食物。

我們?cè)?jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)屬于碳、鋼、石油和礦產(chǎn)的時(shí)代，隨之而來(lái)的則是化學(xué)時(shí)代。而我相信21世紀(jì)必將是屬于生命和生物的時(shí)代。

從事混農(nóng)林業(yè)與永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的新城市農(nóng)民

在捷彼，我們考慮了種植密度，并將人工與自然結(jié)合，開始用一種類似仿生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的方法進(jìn)行城市耕種。我想象這座城市——我的城市應(yīng)該能夠整合氣候、景觀、農(nóng)業(yè)和資源循環(huán)，成為社會(huì)創(chuàng)新的沃土。

我和我的妻子，城市規(guī)劃師卡馬拉什，都希望把捷彼變成自然的原野，并讓它充滿生機(jī)，成為富有有機(jī)養(yǎng)分、功能混合、高密度、高靈活性的“自然之城”。為了這個(gè)目標(biāo)，我們和本市的官員協(xié)同合作，開啟了一個(gè)新的具有良好生態(tài)效應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)城市項(xiàng)目。項(xiàng)目使用了生物材料，并結(jié)合領(lǐng)先的可再生能源技術(shù)和古老的生物氣候技術(shù)，將其應(yīng)用到大規(guī)模的、基于混農(nóng)林業(yè)和永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的城市農(nóng)業(yè)中去，并滲透到項(xiàng)目的每條街道和每塊建筑樓板。

在項(xiàng)目周邊的可耕地上，農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)融合在一起發(fā)揮作用，在尊重自然的同時(shí)也能保護(hù)居民的健康，通過(guò)一種生產(chǎn)模型，耕地能在使用較少化學(xué)和能源的同時(shí)達(dá)到年均20kg/m2（約4lbs/ft2）有機(jī)水果和蔬菜的產(chǎn)量。

Stop ecocide: towards the agroecological revolution

My name is Amlankusum. I'm a 45-year old Hindu agroecologist. For the past five years, I've lived with my family in the heart of a plus-energy, vertical eco-neighborhood called 'Hyperions' producing more energy than it consumes. In collaboration with architects, agricultural engineers, agronomists and farmers, I conceived this garden towers project rooted in Jaypee Greens Sports City, with the double objective of energy decentralization and food deindustrialization. My approach is holistic, combining the best of low-tech and hightech instead of systematically opposing them. Our aim is to reconcile urban renaturation and smallscale farming with environment protection and biodiversity.

Jaypee is a new city located in the Delhi NCR (National Capital Region), one of the largest metropolises in the world with 50 million inhabitants. Jaypee is saturated with concrete and pollution, and my ambition is to transform it into a pioneering urban agroecology.

To reinvent a new urban and human model based on environmentally and socially respectful green development: that's my everyday challenge. In the asphyxiated Indian environment, I search for sustainable ways of producing in order to shelter and feed the growing population.

We've lived through the era of carbon, steel, oil and ore, followed by the era of chemicals. I believe that the 21st century will be the era of life and biology, or it won't be.

New farmers in the city for urban agroforestry and permaculture

In Jaypee, we've started farming the city like a bio-mimetic ecosystem, by taking its density into account, and hybridizing it with nature. I imagine the city – my city as territory for social innovation– by bringing together the climate, landscape, agriculture and use flows.

With my wife, the urban planner Kamalesh, we both dream of turning Jaypee into wilderness; to transcend it with life, into a 'nature-city' that is organically nutritive, mixed, dense, as flexible as needed, and with strong fertile potential. To this end and together with city officials, we're leading a new dynamic of eco-responsible urban projects, built from bio-based materials and combining leadingedge renewable energies with age-old bioclimatic techniques – all blooming in the heart of a pervasive urban agriculture based on agroforestry and permaculture, in all the streets and on all buildings' floors.

2 木制框架結(jié)構(gòu)雙曲面模型/Model of the wooden and timberframed Hyperboloids

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體排量更少的地方性農(nóng)業(yè)政策，我們制定并實(shí)施了如下的6條主要原則：

（1） 使用堆肥和綠色化肥，保持腐殖土的濕潤(rùn)、維持植物類生物的數(shù)量，從而儲(chǔ)備碳含量、保證土壤的持續(xù)肥力。

（2） 系統(tǒng)化地種植多樣的作物，由此增加生物多樣性，達(dá)到減少化學(xué)品、化肥、農(nóng)藥、殺蟲劑和殺菌劑使用的目的。

（3） 將需要進(jìn)行表層覆蓋和非犁耕的用地最小化，從而保證微生物和永久植被層的生長(zhǎng)，保護(hù)土壤結(jié)構(gòu)免遭侵蝕。

（4） 研究米爾帕農(nóng)法或推拉農(nóng)法等替代方法，通過(guò)種植互補(bǔ)的作物保持土壤的生態(tài)平衡，同時(shí)推廣用自然的、可生物降解的方法來(lái)對(duì)抗寄生蟲，保障作物衛(wèi)生。

（5） 種植能自我繁殖的、多樣化的地方作物，多使用對(duì)水要求較低的傳統(tǒng)植物種子。

（6） 通過(guò)設(shè)置微型水壩和小型過(guò)濾堤來(lái)收集和凈化雨水資源（特別是在季風(fēng)季節(jié)），補(bǔ)充地下水。

捷彼的土地因此變得富有活力、可以生產(chǎn)食物。植物對(duì)沖策略取代了設(shè)置鐵絲網(wǎng)和圍欄的老方法。種植黍米、小麥和谷物的田地邊成排地栽種著樹木。此外，我們的谷物、豆類、南瓜等作物都有助于減少空氣中的含氮量（溫室氣體的主要成分），同時(shí)利于保持生態(tài)圈的健康的蛋白質(zhì)水平。因此，生物的多樣性也讓我們的小農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)量變得更大。

這種重新取得了平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)也減少了病害、雜草和蟲害對(duì)作物的影響。用植物進(jìn)行凈化的池塘和湖泊環(huán)繞著花園高塔，在社區(qū)果園里，種植著樟腦月桂、香柑樹和其他肉桂類的香料植物。這些果園點(diǎn)綴在城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)以及生產(chǎn)雞蛋和奶制品的小型動(dòng)物農(nóng)場(chǎng)之間。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)品（動(dòng)物廢料、農(nóng)業(yè)殘余物、擠奶室的污水等）被轉(zhuǎn)化為CH4用于產(chǎn)生能源，然后再被實(shí)時(shí)注入城市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中。

不僅是街道上，在建筑的外墻、陽(yáng)臺(tái)和屋頂上也種滿了芒果、香蕉和孟加拉無(wú)花果樹等熱帶水果樹，以及生產(chǎn)花蜜的植物、藥用植物和家庭菜園。同時(shí)，土壤中蚯蚓的活動(dòng)讓土地能充滿O2，甲蟲和蜜蜂嗡嗡地飛舞著，幫助傳播粉花。

用錯(cuò)壓復(fù)合木材等生物材料建造的花園塔樓

亥帕龍項(xiàng)目由6棟花園高塔組成，每座塔都是36層高，由住宅和辦公空間組成。塔樓用錯(cuò)層壓木材建成，上面覆蓋著果園和花園。塔的名字源自世界上最高的樹——亥帕龍樹，這是一種生長(zhǎng)在北加州的紅杉木，高度可以達(dá)到115.55m。

建造花園塔樓所需的全部木材都來(lái)自德里的一片可持續(xù)發(fā)展的林區(qū)，從而可以確保我們砍樹的周期和森林的再生能力匹配得當(dāng)，森林能得到及時(shí)更新。印度擁有680,000km2的森林，覆蓋著23%的土地，是世界上樹木最多的10個(gè)國(guó)家之一，也是世界上第二位的水果和蔬菜生產(chǎn)國(guó)。然而我們?cè)谛碌吕锞拖裆钤跓熿F中一樣，因此我們現(xiàn)在比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候更加有責(zé)任保護(hù)這些吸收了CO2的森林。事實(shí)上，在樹木的生長(zhǎng)期間，每一立方米的木材能夠儲(chǔ)存0.9t的CO2。

這就是我希望建筑師能夠善用這個(gè)綠色的寶藏，用木材來(lái)建造高樓的原因。木材提供了從獲取到回收，包含了運(yùn)輸、加工、使用、維護(hù)、再利用階段的全生命周期的最好的環(huán)境足跡。

木材的加工工藝也比其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建材（例如鋼或混凝土）需要更少的能耗、造成更少的污染，因此對(duì)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響更小。通過(guò)用木材代替這些材料，我們可以減少高達(dá)1.1t/m3的建材制造的CO2排量。綜合木材生長(zhǎng)階段的CO2吸收能力和其制造過(guò)程的低排放能力，使用的每立方米木材因此能節(jié)省2t的CO2排量。

而為了優(yōu)化住宅類建筑的強(qiáng)度，我們的工程師選擇了一種混合結(jié)構(gòu)——用鋼筋混凝土建造抗震基礎(chǔ)、停車場(chǎng)和垂直的核心筒；而用由實(shí)木的柱、梁和墻建造上部結(jié)構(gòu)，并用鋼片在柱梁交接處進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)。每個(gè)木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)部件都由多個(gè)木材面互相垂直相交，再用樞軸或有機(jī)粘合劑連接在一起制成。亥帕龍建筑的骨架材料包含25%的惰性材料和75%的生物來(lái)源材料。這種混合結(jié)構(gòu)具有強(qiáng)大的機(jī)械阻力（包括在地震的情況下）、高耐火性、以及良好的聲學(xué)和熱學(xué)性能。

優(yōu)化周邊生態(tài)的節(jié)能工程

木材是一種天然和可再生的建材，能讓我們將建造6個(gè)花園高塔所需的“固有能源”減到最少。為了尋求中性化的環(huán)境生態(tài)足跡，我們想要更進(jìn)一步地在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)“可用能源”（用于照明、控制室溫、提供熱水等），同時(shí)也在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通過(guò)封閉循環(huán)系統(tǒng)將可回收的液體和固體的有機(jī)廢物再轉(zhuǎn)化為自然資源。

這也是我的妻子想到用風(fēng)力發(fā)電的街燈來(lái)裝點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目中的綠帶的原因。這種燈通過(guò)集成在燈桿上的磁懸浮式垂直風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)來(lái)達(dá)到自發(fā)電的目的。

而在塔樓的部分，她想象用藍(lán)色的光伏電板覆蓋在建筑立面上，并符合太陽(yáng)從東向西的照射軌跡。主要陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的面板，以及生物氣候溫室的玻璃穹頂上也設(shè)有這種太陽(yáng)能傳感器——從而確保衛(wèi)生熱水以及人工照明的供應(yīng)。甚至城中的電動(dòng)汽車也能通過(guò)這些太陽(yáng)能板進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)充電。

3 木框架結(jié)構(gòu)塔樓結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)圖示/Structural system diagram of timber-framed towers

On arable parcels all around the project, agrosystems and ecosystems merge to promote the respect of nature and the protection of the residents' health, using a production model that requires less chemical and energy inputs but can reach an annual output of more than 20 kg/m2of organic fruit and vegetables (4lbs/ft2).

Te six main principles that we're implementing in order to establish a local agricultural policy with low greenhouse gas output are as follows:

(1) Fertilizing the soils with compost and green fertilizers, thus maintaining moist humus and plantbased biomass levels that sequestrate carbon and ensure durable fertility.

(2) Systematic use of diversified crops, which by increasing biodiversity save using chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides and fungicides.

(3) Minimal tillage such as mulch or nonplowing, thus preserving microorganisms and a permanent plant cover that structure the soil and limit erosion.

(4) Researching alternative methods such as milpa or push-pull, whose complementary crops preserve the soils' ecological balance while promoting natural and biodegradable phyto-sanitary treatments against parasites.

(5) Growing self-reproducing, diverse endemic crops, and privileging the use of less hydrophilic ancestral seeds.

(6) Collecting and optimizing rainwater resources (especially during monsoon) by putting micro-dams and small filtrating embankments in place to replenish groundwater.

Jaypee thus becomes resilient and edible. Our quickset hedges replace barbwire and fences. Groves and tree rows reinvest our fields where millet, wheat or corn crops are rotated. In addition, our cereal crops, together with legumes such as beans and squash, reduce nitrogen inputs (responsible for green gases), while maintaining healthy protein levels. Our small farming businesses thus see their output grow through biodiversity.

Diseases, weeds and insect damage become less frequent thanks to such rebalanced ecosystems. Phyto-purification ponds and lagoons merge with the garden towers, in community orchards devoted to spices such as camphor laurels, bergamot trees and other cinnamon plants. They're dotted with urban farms and small animal farms producing eggs and dairy. Agricultural by-products (animal waste, farming residues, milking parlor water, etc.) are turned into methane that generates energy, which is then re-injected into our homes in real time.

Tropical fruit trees such as mango, banana and Bengal fig trees abound, as well as nectarproducing plants, medicinal plants and family vegetable gardens – not only in the streets, but also on fa?ades, balconies and rooftops. Meanwhile, earthworms re-oxygenate the soil, and beetles and bees buzz again while pollinating flowers.

Bio-sourced garden towers built with crosslaminated timber

The Hyperions project is made of six garden towers, each 36-story high and comprised of housing and offices. The towers are built with cross-laminated timber (CLT) and are covered with orchard gardens. Their name comes from the tallest tree in the world, the Hyperion, a Sequoia Sempervirens found in Northern California, whose size can reach 115.55m.

All the wood required to build the garden towers comes from a Delhi forest, which is also managed sustainably, and in which we make sure to renew what we collect with respect for the appropriate cutting cycle and regenerating capacity. With its 68 million hectares of forest that covers 23% of its territory, India is one of the ten most wooded countries on the Earth, and the world's second largest producer of fruit and vegetables. Trapped as we are in the New Delhi smog, it is our duty to preserve those carbon-sequestrating forests now more than ever. Indeed, one cubic meter of wood can stock up to 0.9t of CO2while a tree grows.

4 亥帕龍木塔樓總平面/Masterplan of the 6 'Hyperions' wooden towers

5 綠化屋頂與溫室鳥瞰/Aerial view of the green roof and greenhouses

6 懸挑美食花園鳥瞰/Aerial view of the hanging food gardens

7 食品陽(yáng)臺(tái)鳥瞰/Aerial view towards the edible balconies

我則建議在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目中覆蓋一種真正良性的、基于有機(jī)魚菜共生的生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，各個(gè)公寓陽(yáng)臺(tái)上和水培溫室中都能采用粘土球制成的輕質(zhì)基材來(lái)培育胡蘿卜、西紅柿、菠菜、藏紅花和香菜。這些植物能用池塘里的水灌溉，池中養(yǎng)了幾種魚，魚的排泄物中富含天然的氮（N）、磷（P）和鉀（K）。這些有機(jī)的魚類養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)促進(jìn)了混合農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展，我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)水中的軟體動(dòng)物和甲殼類動(dòng)物具有過(guò)濾和吃掉微小的有機(jī)廢物的功能。這種垂直農(nóng)業(yè)能給居住者帶來(lái)一些食品的自治權(quán)，同時(shí)也有利于節(jié)約用地。我們的食物大多都是通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)或者鄰近的農(nóng)林業(yè)提供的。因?yàn)槟茉诜忾]系統(tǒng)中用小型抽水蓄能系統(tǒng)（PHES）實(shí)現(xiàn)水循環(huán)，我們也能夠縮減約90%的水需求。

6個(gè)花園塔樓就像一個(gè)垂直的村莊，高度融合了社會(huì)性、文化性和功能性。位于太陽(yáng)能立面后部的靈活、可變化的空間可以用作商業(yè)孵化器、生活實(shí)驗(yàn)室、共同工作空間、多功能房間和服務(wù)用房。所有大大小小的住宅以及學(xué)生宿舍都配有波浪形的水培陽(yáng)臺(tái)。室內(nèi)家具則由酸豆木和檀香木之類的天然材料制成，由當(dāng)?shù)氐臋还裰圃焐?、?chuàng)新工廠和二手商店供貨。

各種用途的空間通過(guò)人行天橋相連，天橋匯聚到一個(gè)大果園般的屋頂之下，這一空間是小城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)社區(qū)的聚會(huì)地。無(wú)論是夏季、季風(fēng)季節(jié)還是冬季，各個(gè)家庭都可以相約在此，采摘水果、慢跑、在體育館的卡巴迪i運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)中做做運(yùn)動(dòng)、在有機(jī)游泳池中游游泳，或者看著孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上玩可可i。這種公共人行天橋通過(guò)收集雨水和居民生活的中水來(lái)灌溉，過(guò)濾后的水中的有機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)能被植物的根系吸收。天空中懸浮著的人行道讓居民們能在各個(gè)塔間、不同功能空間之間移動(dòng)，由此建立起鄰里之間的社會(huì)和人際關(guān)系。

捷彼繼承了拉賈斯坦邦高溫和干旱的氣候，但同時(shí)也受到喜馬拉雅山的冷氣流的影響，有時(shí)冬天比較寒冷。為了在炎熱和潮濕的亞熱帶氣候中確保生活空間的自然通風(fēng)，我們把一個(gè)自然氣候控制系統(tǒng)固定在由通風(fēng)煙囪構(gòu)成的垂直通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)中。該系統(tǒng)利用土壤的熱惰性（在地表下），讓全年溫度穩(wěn)定地保持在18oC。通過(guò)自然氣流，自然情況下可以熱至45oC和在冬天降至3oC的外部空氣能通過(guò)與土壤的接觸而自然冷卻或加熱，因而不需要使用一度電。正如你可能已經(jīng)猜到的，我們的村莊基本上是模仿白蟻丘的原理來(lái)進(jìn)行氣候控制的。

Tat's why I wanted our architects to celebrate this green treasure by building tall structures with wood, because it's the material that provides the best environmental footprint during its lifecycle --from harvesting to recycling, through transportation, processing, implementation, maintenance and reuse.

Wood's manufacturing processes require less energy and are less polluting than those of standard materials such as steel or concrete, which negatively impact the environment. By substituting these materials with wood, we can avoid the emission of up to 1.1t/m3of CO2. Between its CO2-sequestrating capacity during its growth phase and its lowemission manufacturing processes, one cubic meter of wood therefore saves two tons of CO2.

In order to optimize the residential buildings, our engineers opted for a mixed structure, with a steel and concrete substructure for the earthquakeresistant foundations, parking areas and vertical core bases; and a superstructure made of solid wood columns, beams and walls, reinforced with steel blades where columns and beams meet. Each woodbased structural component is made of multiple panels laid perpendicularly to each other, and bound together with pintles and gudgeons or organic structural adhesives. The Hyperions' skeleton is made of 25% inert materials and 75% bio-sourced materials. This mixed structure is reputed for its strong mechanical resistance (including in the event of earthquakes); for its high resistance to fire; and for its high acoustic and thermal performance.

A plus-energy project that optimizes its environmental footprint

Wood, by definition a natural and renewable material, allowed us to minimize the 'inherent energy' of the materials used to build the six garden towers. Seeking a neutral environmental footprint, we wanted to go even further, by producing the 'operational energy' (for lighting, climate control, hot water, etc.) on-site, while recycling our liquid and solid organic waste into natural resources, recycled and recyclable in a closed loop, also on-site.

Tat's how my wife Kamalesh came up with the idea of wind lampposts that rhythm the greenbelt along the site. They produce their own electricity thanks to magnetic-levitation, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) integrated on their pole.

8 朝向太陽(yáng)能立面的綠帶/View from the green belt towards the solar facades

For the towers, she imagined blue-colored, photovoltaic and thermal scales that wrap around the fa?ades, following the course of the sun from East to West. These solar sensors also highlight the main balconies' infill panels, and pixelate the glass domes of the bioclimatic greenhouses – thus securing the production of sanitary hot water and artificial lighting. Even our electric cars are recharged in real time by those solar fa?ades.

As for me, I suggested that the project be covered with a genuine, virtuous feeding ecosystem based on organic aquaponics. Tus, carrots, tomatoes, spinach, saffron and coriander grow in light substrates made of clay balls on each apartment's balcony and in hydroponic greenhouses. Tey are irrigated with water from ponds breeding several species of fish, whose excrement is naturally rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In these organic fish farms promoting mixed farming, we also find mollusks and crustaceans filtering and grazing the organic micro-waste. This vertical farming gives residents some food autonomy while saving on the land. Our food is produced mostly on-site or in neighboring agroforestry fields. We also manage to save up to 90% of our water needs, since it circulates in a closed loop via small pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) plants.

The six garden towers look like a vertical village highly mixed socially, culturally and functionally. The flexible, evolutionary spaces dedicated to business incubators, living labs, coworking spaces, multi-purpose rooms and concierge services are located behind the solar facades. All apartments big or small, as well as student housing, open onto cascading hydroponic balconies. Indoor furniture is made of natural materials such as tamarind and sandalwood, and comes from local cabinetmakers, fab labs and recycling shops.

The various spatial uses are linked togetherwith footbridges, and converge under a large orchard roof that serves as a meeting place for our small urban farmer community. Whether it's summer, monsoon or winter, our families can meet there, pick fruit, go for a run, get some exercise in the sports hall's kabaddiifield, swim in the organic pool, or watch over their kids playing khoiin the playgrounds. These communal footbridges are irrigated by collected rainwater and residents' greywater, and the filtered water's organic nutriments are absorbed by the plants' roots. This network of sky-high suspended walkways allows residents to move from one tower to the other, from one use to the other, and to forge social and interdependent relationships among neighbors.

9 社區(qū)果園與沃羅諾伊圓頂/View from the community orchards and voronoi domes

自上而下和自下而上：當(dāng)協(xié)同城市與當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源及供應(yīng)鏈相調(diào)和

“森林+農(nóng)業(yè)+城市肌理”的概念融合是一種人性化的選擇，它同時(shí)也兼顧了城市與郊外的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。從農(nóng)林業(yè)到木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑，到永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)，再到水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)，亥帕龍項(xiàng)目的做法象征著一種基于當(dāng)?shù)亟ú牡纳鷳B(tài)化的短供應(yīng)鏈概念。這種良性的循環(huán)聯(lián)系了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)者和“消費(fèi)者”。居民、有機(jī)農(nóng)民、園林業(yè)者、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)家、伐木工、農(nóng)藝師、建筑師以及設(shè)計(jì)師——所有的這些工種都能參與到這個(gè)可持續(xù)的生產(chǎn)、分配、消費(fèi)和回收的過(guò)程中去。

通過(guò)這種循環(huán)合作的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，我們不僅能通過(guò)增加本地就業(yè)讓經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)更穩(wěn)固，也能讓工程項(xiàng)目形成一種強(qiáng)大的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)和協(xié)同建設(shè)的氛圍。通過(guò)民主化的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和自下而上的社會(huì)創(chuàng)新，我們重獲了對(duì)于能源、資源和空間的控制力。由此，我們成為了自己的城市的真正參與者，而不是單純的消費(fèi)者。

我們這些“城市農(nóng)民”宣稱要將全球農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)化為結(jié)合有機(jī)技術(shù)和生物來(lái)源的工程，這可以將全球的CO2排放量在2030年前減少約40%。亥帕龍就是一個(gè)可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目，能通過(guò)健康的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來(lái)減少對(duì)氣候變化的影響。

由此，我們也創(chuàng)造了自己的倫理價(jià)值觀：團(tuán)結(jié)、公平，以及人類行為與自然的和諧共生關(guān)系。（司馬蕾 譯）

10 天橋與郁郁蔥蔥的花園/View from a sky footbridge and its lush garden

From Rajasthan, Jaypee inherits high temperatures and droughts, while freezing currents from the Himalaya can sometimes bring harsh winters. In order to secure the natural ventilation of our living spaces in this mostly hot and humid subtropical climate, we put together a natural climate control system, articulated along the vertical circulation cores of the wind chimneys. This system takes advantage of the earth's thermal inertia (under the foundations), which remains stable at 18oC all year round. Through natural airflow, the external air – which can reach 45oC and fall to 3oC in winter – is therefore naturally cooled or heated in contact with the earth, and so without using a single kilowatt of electricity. As you may have guessed, our village basically imitates the climate control of a termite mound.

11 入口處的綠帶/View from the green belt towards the gateway

12 在社區(qū)農(nóng)林的中心/View in the heart of the community agroforest

Top down and bottom up: When collaborative city rhymes with local resources and supply chains

The fusion of 'forest + agriculture + urban fabric' is a humanistic alternative that brings together the best of both the city and the countryside. From agroforestry to wood-based construction to permaculture and aquaponics, the Hyperions project is the symbol of a short supply chain economy based on harvesting local resources. This virtuous circle generates links between local producers and 'prosumers'. Residents, organic farmers, garden producers, agroecologists, loggers, agronomists, architects and designers: all participate in a sustainable production, distribution, consumption and recycling process.

Using this circular, collaborative economic model, we've been able to not only reinforce the economic fabric by creating local jobs, but also turn the project into a formidable sharing economy and co-construction playing field. Between the democratized technological innovations and the bottom-up social innovations, we've regained control of energy, resources and space. We've become the true actors of our city, as opposed to mere consumers.

We, the 'Urban Farmers', claim that converting worldwide agriculture into organic techniques and bio-sourced construction could reduce worldwide CO2emissions by about 40% by 2030. Hyperions is a sustainable agro-ecosystem project capable of resisting climate change thanks to its healthy economic and environmental ecosystems.

Solidarity, fairness, and the right symbiosis of human actions on nature: those are our founding ethical values.

譯注/Translator's Note

i 卡巴迪（Kabaddi）和可可（KhoKho）是印度的兩種傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)/Kabaddi and Khokho are two kinds of traditional sports in India

13 空中花園中的永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)溫室/View from a permaculture greenhouse in the sky garden

14 入口大廳處的芳香花園/View from the aromatic garden in the enterance lobby（1-14圖片來(lái)源/Copyrights: Vincent Callebaut Architectures）

評(píng)論

肖毅強(qiáng)：將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和都市農(nóng)業(yè)注入城市建造體系無(wú)疑將成為未來(lái)的熱點(diǎn)議題。“亥帕龍”構(gòu)建了一個(gè)技術(shù)至上、生態(tài)優(yōu)先的“烏托邦”概念——通過(guò)在修復(fù)生態(tài)的土地上，“種上”一個(gè)可以滿足城市機(jī)能的“微型城市”。設(shè)計(jì)師希望將都市和郊野結(jié)合的夢(mèng)想，令人似曾相識(shí)——曾經(jīng)的“田園城市”“光明城市”“廣畝城市”等等，回顧這些宏大構(gòu)想的歷史影響，當(dāng)作為社會(huì)性的“人”的要素被后置，我們依然需要對(duì)類似概念保持必要的謹(jǐn)慎和清醒。當(dāng)今時(shí)代讓建筑師更加堅(jiān)信不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)可以解決我們遇到的問(wèn)題?！昂ヅ笼垺钡母镄滦栽谟诖怪被到y(tǒng)：一個(gè)擺脫水平性“自然生態(tài)”的垂直性“人工生態(tài)”構(gòu)筑體系，將都市機(jī)能與生態(tài)機(jī)能融為一體。僅存在于地表和構(gòu)筑物表皮的“淺表式”生態(tài)系統(tǒng)顯然不能解決問(wèn)題，需要依靠工程技術(shù)來(lái)構(gòu)建一個(gè)以陽(yáng)光、水分、物料、能源作為優(yōu)先要素的符合自然生態(tài)規(guī)則的人工系統(tǒng)，并通過(guò)完美的控制實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)能和效率。為實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)能和效率需要投入的巨大代價(jià)，是都市農(nóng)耕詩(shī)意的前提。

龍灝：本項(xiàng)目從圖片到介紹文字，怎么看怎么都像建筑師披著可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綠色外衣找到了上帝的感覺——一個(gè)“負(fù)排放”的理想新世界在建筑師的筆下就這樣實(shí)現(xiàn)了！

抱歉，請(qǐng)等一下！人類為什么要建筑？為什么有城市？建筑發(fā)展的根本動(dòng)因是什么？綠色、低碳、可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及生物準(zhǔn)則城市的目的是什么？

即使不從建筑技術(shù)或投資、養(yǎng)護(hù)成本的角度評(píng)估本案的現(xiàn)實(shí)性，人類“勞師動(dòng)眾”地把6棟建筑修到36層高（“為什么不是26層或46層”是另一個(gè)可以問(wèn)的問(wèn)題）、建筑覆蓋太陽(yáng)能板、風(fēng)力發(fā)電照明、在建筑內(nèi)外種滿各種植物加上動(dòng)物構(gòu)成聲稱“可以自我平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”、在40oC溫差的氣候中能“不用一度電”地把小氣候控制在氣溫18oC等等，為了這看上去真美的“人造自然環(huán)境”可謂使上了洪荒之力！然而，它不仍然是一個(gè)“人造環(huán)境”嗎？這種在大型建筑（群）上“努力”地全面模仿或再造自然，恐怕不應(yīng)該是人類在建造活動(dòng)、特別是為日常生活而建造的活動(dòng)中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展的方式。

Comments

XIAO Yiqiang: Injecting ecosystem and urban agriculture into urban construction will undoubtedly become a heated topic in the future. 'Hyperions' created a utopian concept that put technology and ecology in priority – to 'plant' a 'miniature city' that can provide the function of a city in an ecologically restored land. Te designer's dream of combining city and countryside is kind of a deja vu – the past 'Garden Cities' 'Radiant City' 'Broadacre City' and so on. Looking back on the historical influence of these grand compositions, when the element as 'social people' is put back, we still need to maintain necessary caution and sobriety when facing this kind of concepts. In the modern era, architects are more convinced that the evolving technology can solve the problems we encounter. Te innovation of 'Hyperions' lies in the vertical system: a vertical 'artificial ecosystem' that broke away from the horizontal 'natural ecosystem' and amalgamates urban function and ecological function. Te 'superficial' ecosystem that only exists on the surfaces of structures and earth obviously cannot solve the problem; engineering technology is needed to create an artificial ecosystem that takes sunshine, water, material and energy as prior elements and follows the natural ecological rules, achieving high performance and efficiency through perfect control. Te great cost that has been invested to achieve the high performance and efficiency, all comes out as a poetic premise of urban farming. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

LONG Hao: From the pictures to the introduction text, this project seems like an ideal new world of 'negative emission' been realised by the pen of an architect.

However, why do humans build? Why are there cities? What is the fundamental reason for the development of architecture? What is the purpose of green, lowcarbon, sustainable development, and bioprincipled city?

Even if we don't evaluate the feasibility from the point of construction technology, investment, or maintenance costs, human 'causing a scene' to build 6 buildings to 36 floors ('why not 26 or 46' is another question that can be asked), covering buildings with solar panels and wind power illumination, planting various plants and adding animals inside and outside of a building to create a so-called 'self-balancing bio-system', controlling the micro-climate temperature to reach 18oC while the outside temperature is 40oC 'without using any electricity' and so on, really put in a huge amount of efforts to create this beautiful-looking 'artificial natural environment'. However, isn't it still an 'artificial environment'? I'm afraid this act of 'trying' to fully imitate or recreate nature among large architecture(s) may not be the way of pursuing sustainable development in the construction activities of human, especially the construction activities for daily life. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)