丁瓊
《2017年江蘇省高考說明》書面表達部分要求考生根據(jù)所給情景用英語寫一篇150個單詞左右的短文??忌鷳?yīng)能:(1) 根據(jù)特定的語境準(zhǔn)確使用英語語法,選用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯;(2) 使用一定的句型,詞匯,清楚、連貫地傳遞信息和表達思想?!镀胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(試驗)》 也對學(xué)生的作文提出了明確的分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
在高中英語教學(xué)的實踐過程中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)高中學(xué)生的英語寫作能力較為貧乏,遠遠沒有達到高考寫作的要求,無法在規(guī)定的時間(30分鐘)內(nèi)較好的完成寫作任務(wù)。其主要問題可以分為兩個方面:(1)無話可說:在寫作過程中,學(xué)生必須運用所學(xué)英語知識來表達自身經(jīng)歷、對某一現(xiàn)象的觀點,以及內(nèi)心的感受等。而在高考緊張的氛圍和有限的時間內(nèi),學(xué)生往往會出現(xiàn)頭腦一片空白的現(xiàn)象,寫出來的文章也是毫無內(nèi)容和新意,從而得不到令人滿意的結(jié)果。(2)有話說不出:在多年的高中英語教學(xué)特別是農(nóng)村地區(qū)的英語教學(xué)中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)由于缺少對學(xué)生思維的引導(dǎo)以及對寫作訓(xùn)練重視不夠,大多數(shù)學(xué)生在寫作的過程中,都是是用漢語想好,組織好,再把它們翻譯成英文,這樣做的結(jié)果就是滿篇的中式英語,表達不流暢不地道,從而得分較低。
因此,想要解決學(xué)生“無話可說”和“有話說不出”的問題,切實提高學(xué)生的寫作水平,可以從以下兩個方面著手:
一、以人為本,放飛思維
在近兩年的高三英語教學(xué)中,筆者一直注重學(xué)生思維的培養(yǎng),并以學(xué)生為中心,思考學(xué)生與父母、同學(xué)、老師以及社會四個方面的關(guān)系,總結(jié)出一些貼近他們學(xué)習(xí)和生活,同時又受到廣泛關(guān)注的熱點話題,比如:成長的煩惱、代溝、教育、友誼、合作與競爭、校園欺凌、科技、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟、文化、壓力、休閑、運動、旅游、誠實、自信、尊重、幫助、同情、創(chuàng)新等等。
這些話題中有許多與牛津高中英語模塊1-11課文內(nèi)容相關(guān),所以可以在教學(xué)的過程中逐步滲透,從閱讀到思考和討論,最后到寫作,在課本輸入的同時,注重學(xué)生思維的拓展,只有平時的功夫下足了,才能做到無論什么話題都“有話可說”。下面以最近比較熱門的校園欺凌school bully為例,看如何將這張思維導(dǎo)圖運用到課堂中,從而放飛學(xué)生的思維:
閱讀材料:
A Beijing mothers article describing how her 10-year-old son was bullied at school went viral, bringing back memories for Chinese people who were bullied and triggering widespread discussion on parenting.
After having a toilet waste-paper basket thrown on his head and being mocked by other classmates, the fourth-grade boy was diagnosed with acute stress disorder, a mental illness characterized by severe anxiety, according to the article published online Thursday.
It said the school described the case as a “joke that went too far,” and that the parents of the boy who threw the basket believed their son was “just being naughty.”
The mother wrote that her son had been bullied for almost a year by his classmate and that his son is still emotionally unstable and not currently going to school.
The guidelines, jointly released by nine organs including the Ministry of Education and the Supreme Peoples Court, ordered schools to be aware of the consequences of bullying and violence, and that officials should take responsibility for serious incidents of bullying or violence in areas in their charge.
如果針對上面這段校園欺凌的材料出題,無非是分析校園欺凌的原因、影響、應(yīng)對措施。
1.原因:從學(xué)生與學(xué)生之間關(guān)系來看,彼此間的矛盾和沖突,情感糾紛等可能導(dǎo)致校園欺凌;從學(xué)校來看:學(xué)校過分關(guān)注學(xué)生的成績,從而忽視了他們的心理健康;從家長來看,對孩子的過分寵愛導(dǎo)致他們變得自私自利,通過錯誤的方法獲取自己想要的。
2.影響:校園欺凌總體來說會嚴重損害學(xué)生身心健康,不僅使學(xué)生無心學(xué)習(xí),甚至厭學(xué),逃學(xué),最終毀了他們的美好前途,同時還會帶來巨大的心理陰影,導(dǎo)致缺乏自尊和自信心,不利于他們的成長。
3.應(yīng)對措施:從學(xué)校方面來說,應(yīng)制定嚴格的校紀(jì)校規(guī),處罰蓄意違反者,同時重視孩子的道德發(fā)展;家長有責(zé)任為孩子樹立一個光輝的榜樣,并教育孩子生活中要彼此尊重,友好相處,同時加強孩子的自我保護意識;學(xué)生自己在面對校園欺凌時,應(yīng)勇敢與它作斗爭,而不是無視或屈服,及時向老師或家長求助。只有共同努力,我們才能解決校園欺凌的問題,建設(shè)和諧校園,讓學(xué)生健康成長。
二、語塊積累,靈活運用
要“備”出一篇較好的英語作文,僅僅有了idea還是遠遠不夠的,如何把你的思想和感受很好地表達出來也同樣重要,這就要求我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中要注重積累并熟記一些地道的語塊。下面是筆者總結(jié)出的一些使用頻率較高的,作文中不可避免的一些短語和句型:
1.重要性
1) … is of vital importance/significance.
2) Nothing can replace … when it comes to…
4) What is of vital significance is that …
5) We cant emphasize the significance of … too much.
2.積極態(tài)度
1) give it a shot/ try.
2) get over/ overcome the difficulties
3) take a positive attitude towards…
4) hold on to the end
5) show sympathy for
6) reach out our hands to those in need.
7) develop a good habit of…
8) keep a balance between…and…
9) be equipped with abundant knowledge
10) be devoted/committed to doing sth
11) take an active part in…
12) spare no effort to do sth
3.積極影響
1) realize ones dream/ make ones dream come true
2) realize ones potential to the fullest
3) achieve ones goal
4) make contributions to …
5) be bound to succeed
6) make a difference to
7) have a profound impact on…
8) lay a solid foundation for
9) be good for/be beneficial to
10) make it possible for sb to do sth
4.消極態(tài)度
1) turn a blind eye to
2) be addicted to
3) shrink/hide from ones responsibility to do
4) submit oneself to
5) resign oneself to fate
6) give up on oneself
5.消極影響
1) do harm to/be harmful to physical and mental health
2) end up in failure/ end up nowhere
3) cast a shadow on …
4) pose a threat to…
5) have a negative influence/effect/impact on
6) be not beneficial/ helpful to (doing) sth
7) disturb peoples life tremendously
8) endanger individuals and the whole society
9) become a barrier to…
10) suffer from/ sink into depression
11) commit suicide
12) deprive sb of the right to do sth
6.措施
1) Its high time that effective and concrete measures should be taken to solve the problem.
2) Its strongly recommended that…
3) Its a must/necessity that we should do sth
4) give priority to (doing) sth
5) put…h(huán)igh on the agenda
6) attach importance to (doing) sth
7) strengthen/raise ones awareness of (doing) sth
8) educate people about the importance of
9) put laws in place to punish those who violate…
10) set a good example to
11) appeal to/ call on sb to do sth
12) take… into consideration
13) be fully aware of…
14) take the responsibility to do sth
15) develop a sense of
下面仍以校園欺凌話題為例,寫作要求:
1.用約30個單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容;
2.簡要分析校園欺凌的影響;
3.談?wù)勀銓π@欺凌問題的應(yīng)對舉措。
面對這樣的作文題,我們可以選擇性地使用以上句型積累,順利完成寫作任務(wù)。以下這篇是本班學(xué)生在經(jīng)過課堂討論后,結(jié)合平時所積累的語塊,在原來的基礎(chǔ)上進行修改的文章。
A 10-year-old boy was bullied at school by his classmates, to which, each part reacts differently. Nevertheless, the effects that school bully has on children physical and mental health has raised widespread concern.
There is no doubt that school bully and violence does no good to students growth. Not only will it pose a threat to students physical health, leading them to suffer from depression even commit suicide, but also it may well cast a shadow on their mental health, accounting for their lack of confidence, which is not beneficial to their future development in the long term. Whats worse, the phenomenon will deprive students of their right to enjoy a harmonious school life, endangering individuals and the whole society.
Therefore, in a gesture to promote the healthy growth of students, its high time that we should take concrete and effective measures to wrestle with it. First and foremost, the government and school authorities are expected to cooperate with each other to put relevant laws and regulations in place and enforce strict punishment against it. Whats more, parents should take their responsibility to educate children about the importance of respecting others. Last but not least, its a must for us students to raise our awareness of protecting ourselves and fighting against school bully instead of turning a blind eye to it. Only through combined efforts can we remove school bully and create a harmonious environment for students, which lays a solid foundation for their brilliant future.
綜上所述,高考作文并沒有想象中的那么可怕,只要能夠快速理性地思考所給話題,結(jié)合平時熟記于心的表達方法,我相信,學(xué)生一定能夠“備”出好作文,交出令人滿意的答卷。