羅成勇
在多數(shù)情況下,反義疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分和陳述部分的主語(yǔ)相同,但形式相反。即:陳述部分是肯定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用否定式;陳述部分是否定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定式。這是反義疑問(wèn)句的一個(gè)基本原則,但在有些情況下,容易出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤,現(xiàn)列舉如下(所有的列舉第一句都是錯(cuò)誤的,第二句都是正確的)。
1. Somebody has come here, hasnt somebody?
Somebody has come here, hasnt they?
總結(jié):如果陳述部分是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等代詞時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)一般用they。
2. There wont be any people in the room, will they?
There wont be any people in the room, will there?
總結(jié):陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)部分用there作虛假主語(yǔ)。
3. He often has his breakfast at home, hasnt he?
He often has his breakfast at home, doesnt he?
總結(jié):如果陳述部分有作“有”講的have,反義疑問(wèn)部分用have的適當(dāng)形式來(lái)反問(wèn);但have不表示“有”時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用do的適當(dāng)形式。
4. He must be singing at home now, mustnt he?
He must be singing at home now, isnt he?
總結(jié):陳述部分有must表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況的推測(cè)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)要用isnt或arent。
5. 誤:It must have rained last night, havent it?
正:It must have rained last night, didnt it?
總結(jié):陳述部分有must have done對(duì)過(guò)去的事情表示肯定的推測(cè)時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)句動(dòng)詞選用的原則是:陳述部分有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間時(shí),則當(dāng)成一般過(guò)去式對(duì)待;否則,當(dāng)成現(xiàn)在完成式來(lái)對(duì)待。
6. I am so interested in reading, am not I?
I am so interested in reading, arent I?
總結(jié):陳述部分是I am ...時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用arent I。
7. I wish to go to the cinema, dont I?
I wish to go to the cinema, may I?
總結(jié):陳述部分的動(dòng)詞是wish時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用may,且前后都用肯定式。
8. He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt he?
He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt she?
總結(jié):陳述部分是并列句時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分要與最后的分句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞保持一致。
9. I dont believe they will come, do I?
I dont believe they will come, do they?
總結(jié):陳述部分是I (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/am sure/am afraid時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分要同從句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞保持一致,還要考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移的情況。否則,要同主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:He supposes they can come, doesnt he?
10. We have never been to Rome before, havent we?
We have never been to Rome before, have we?
總結(jié):當(dāng)陳述部分有否定副詞never, hardly, seldom, little等時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定式。但如果陳述部分只是含有否定前綴時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分仍用否定。如:He is unfit for the job, isnt he?
11. Dont close that window, dont you?
Dont close that window, will you?
總結(jié):陳述部分是肯定的祈使句時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)句常用will you/would you/wont you。但是在否定的祈使句后的反義疑問(wèn)句要用wont you。
12. So you are getting married, arent you?
So you are getting married, are you?
總結(jié):陳述部分用so開頭時(shí),附加部分采用“同向”疑問(wèn),即前面是肯定的陳述句時(shí),后面也用肯定的問(wèn)句,前面是否定的陳述句時(shí),后面也用否定的問(wèn)句。又如:So you dont like my bike, dont you?