宋海姝
高中英語教學(xué)中的語言點(diǎn)教學(xué)一直是高中英語老師研討的重要話題,許多老師十分重視語言點(diǎn)教學(xué),但結(jié)果不理想,原因之一是教師沒有引導(dǎo)學(xué)生去操練語言點(diǎn)。下面筆者以牛津高中英語M3 U3 Reading課題Lost Civilization為例展示語言點(diǎn)的教學(xué)。
一、情景導(dǎo)入,激發(fā)興趣
T: Good afternoon! Boys and girls. Before my class, I'd like to share some pictures with you.(多媒體:播放筆者去各地旅游的照片)
T: From these pictures, we can see some of them are ancient civilizations, while some of them are modern civilizations. Some still exist today, while some disappeared forever. Today, we will discuss two lost civilizations in detail. What are the two lost civilizations?
S: Pompeii and Loulan.
T: Do you love the song “Loulan girl”? The boy in black, please answer the question.
S: Yes, I do.
T: The boy in blue, what about you?
S: I like it, too.
T: we can use“so+情、助、be+主語”去表達(dá)后者情況和前者一樣。所以,我們怎么用這個(gè)句型去表達(dá)“穿黑衣服的這個(gè)男孩喜歡這首歌,穿藍(lán)色衣服的男孩也喜歡”?
S: The boy in black likes the song, and so does the boy in blue.
T: Very good.
通過以圖片導(dǎo)入新課的方式,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣,為語言點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)做好鋪墊。
二、在操練中學(xué)習(xí)語言點(diǎn)
中國諺語有“萬丈高樓平地起”,學(xué)英語如同蓋房子,語言(詞匯)就像土木磚石一樣是必要材料。這些知識是語言能力的組成部分,是學(xué)生聽說讀寫譯能力提升的基礎(chǔ),也是語言交際的前提。學(xué)習(xí)語言一定要多練習(xí),多重復(fù),這樣記憶才能更深刻。換言之,一定要在反復(fù)不停的操練中學(xué)習(xí)語言點(diǎn)。本案例利用了很多種操練形式。例如:英漢互譯、根據(jù)句型自由造句、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、完成句子、動(dòng)詞填空、單項(xiàng)選擇、編寫故事等等。
筆者針對“so+情、助、be+主語”這個(gè)語言點(diǎn)采用了英漢互譯的方式,并且挑選一些與學(xué)生日常生活息息相關(guān)的,學(xué)生感興趣的例子。
中譯英:(1)我喜歡周杰倫的歌,她也喜歡。(2)本山大叔很幽默,陽仔也是的。(3)我應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí),每個(gè)學(xué)生都應(yīng)該。(4)我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè),海妹也完成了。(5)他是中國人,我也是。
請前一位同學(xué)先復(fù)述上一個(gè)句子再翻譯下一個(gè)句子。
英譯中:(1)He is a teacher, and so is she.(2)Tom has told me so, and so has Frank.(3)Yesterday was very cold, and so is today.(4)I should attend the meeting, and so should Mary.(5)The corn is ripening, and so are the apples.
英、漢兩種語言都是歷史悠久、文化積淀深厚,各自都擁有鮮明生動(dòng)的詞匯和習(xí)語。英漢互譯是英語能力的檢測和體現(xiàn),要求學(xué)生要掌握最基本的詞組和句型結(jié)構(gòu),這種方法可以很好的鞏固學(xué)過的語言點(diǎn)并且合理的運(yùn)用和操練到具體的語境中。
筆者針對倒裝句型采用了句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方式進(jìn)行操練。將下面的句子轉(zhuǎn)化成全部倒裝:(1)Two glasses stood on the table.(2)The Snow White with the seven dwarfs lived in the castle.(3)An old temple was near the bridge.(4)A firework display in the garden came after the banquet.
通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換,練習(xí)了具有相同意義短語之間的互換。鍛煉了學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞匯的靈活性。
筆者針對時(shí)態(tài)的語法現(xiàn)象采用了動(dòng)詞填空的方法:(1)I_____(take)the children to swim later.(2)He_____ (leave)tomorrow.(3)Mary_____(fly)to the USA next week.(4)My uncle ___ (come)to see me soon.(5)Spring ___ (come)soon.
動(dòng)詞填空,顧名思義,是對動(dòng)詞的基本用法進(jìn)行的測試和鞏固,通過這一練習(xí)學(xué)生能更好的掌握動(dòng)詞在整個(gè)語言環(huán)境中的合理利用。
三、編寫故事,使課堂進(jìn)入高潮
所有的語言點(diǎn)操練結(jié)束,筆者采用把本課時(shí)所學(xué)句型和語言點(diǎn)打在投影上,請同學(xué)們用學(xué)過的知識編寫自己的故事,筆者先給出自己編的故事,如下:
It's hard to imagine what happened to me last night. I was going home after work. I lived in the 9th floor. So I entered the elevator(電梯). Luckily, there was no one in it and I took over the whole elevator. When the elevator rose to the 4th floor, it stopped. Outside the elevator were 2 people with two bags in their hands. It was thought that they wanted to enter the elevator. But they failed to enter. When the elevator began to close its door, I heard the two people said: “Why are there so many people in the elevator?” I felt horrible and woke up. It turned out that it was just a nightmare.
筆者的這個(gè)故事涵蓋了本課所學(xué)語言點(diǎn)的百分之八十,而且也很有娛樂性,學(xué)生非常喜歡,再配上恐怖聲音,效果非常好。因此,增強(qiáng)練習(xí)的趣味性,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生興趣非常重要。編故事則是一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的方法。在教學(xué)過程中,筆者主要引競爭機(jī)制于練習(xí)中。即將班級學(xué)生隨機(jī)分成幾組,通過編故事,改故事,復(fù)述故事在幾組之間展開競爭。通過競爭的手段提高學(xué)生的注意力,學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和動(dòng)力。這是一個(gè)鞏固和提升的過程,一方面復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)過的語言點(diǎn),一方面也可以通過這個(gè)途徑練習(xí)寫作和口語能力。最終獲勝的同學(xué)要在全班同學(xué)面前表演或朗讀其故事。這樣既活躍了課堂氣氛又調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。
(作者單位:江蘇省無錫市市北高級中學(xué))