復(fù)合不定代詞和復(fù)合不定副詞的用法

李廷安

一、復(fù)合不定代詞及復(fù)合不定副詞

二、復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

Everyone knows me here.

三、形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時，形容詞放在它的后面。例如：

There is something new in todays newspaper.

四、any以及any構(gòu)成的詞多用于否定句、疑問句、if條件句和含否定詞的句子中。例如：

If you dont want anything， please let me know.

He is too busy to see anyone come in.

The box is too heavy for anyone to lift.

注意：（1）any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中不可作主語，而應(yīng)換成對應(yīng)的詞。

Anyone doesnt know me here. 應(yīng)改為No one knows me here.

（2）any以及any構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為完全否定。例如：

not... any = no not... anyone/ anybody = none/ nobody

not... anything = nothing not... anywhere = nowhere

I cant see anything in the room. = I can see nothing in the room.

（3）any以及any構(gòu)成的詞也可用于肯定句。例如：

any 任何一個 any one = anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物

He is taller than anyone else in my class.

五、every以及every構(gòu)成的詞在否定句中為不完全否定。例如：

He knows everything. 改否定句：He knows nothing.

而不能改成He doesnt know everything. 他不是事事都懂（不完全否定）。

六、表示人的復(fù)合不定代詞用人稱代詞、物主代詞替換時一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，有時也可以用單數(shù)，這要根據(jù)上下文來決定。例如：

If anyone invites you， you have to meet them on time. （前面用單數(shù)，后面是賓格復(fù)數(shù)them）

No one knows me here， do they？ （前面用單數(shù)，后面是復(fù)數(shù)they）

Everyone is doing their homework now.

If anyone calls me， tell him/ her to call back after 8：00.

七、none做主語時，謂語可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

None of us go/ goes to school by bus.

None of us is a cook.

【牛刀小試】

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

（ ）1. She listened carefully， but heard ______.

A. anyone B. someone C. something D. nothing

（ ）2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself？

—No， I have ______ to say.

A. something； everything B. nothing； something

C. everything； anything D. anything； nothing

（ ）3. Why not ask ______ to help you？

A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none

（ ）4. —There isnt ______ water here. Could you get ______ for me？

—All right.

A. some； some B. any； any C. some； any D. any； some

（ ）5. Theres ______ with his eyes. Hes OK.

A. anything wrong B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing

（ ）6. Put it down， Richard. You mustnt read ______ letter，

A. anyones elses B. anyones else

C. anyone elses D. anyone else

（ ）7. Be quiet！I have ______ to tell you.

A. important anything B. anything important

C. important something D. something important

（ ）8. Im going to move ______. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.

A. somewhere quiet B. quiet somewhere

C. anywhere quiet D. quiet anywhere

Ⅱ. 請用不定代詞及不定副詞（some， any， something， someone， somewhere， anything， anyone， anywhere， nobody， nothing）填空。

1. Do you have ________ questions？

2. Maybe ________ put my dictionary ________. I cant find it ________.

3. Im so thirsty. Shall we get ________ to drink？

4. I dont think ________ knows her new address.

5. ________ is too difficult if you put your heart into it.

6. Did you find ________ in the bag？

7. Please help yourself to ________ soup.

8. He will not tell ________. The secret will die with him.