莫凱迪 楊建榮 李碧錦 何二松 許宇彪 林昌榮
原發(fā)性肝癌外科治療方式選擇及術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)防治相關(guān)性研究
莫凱迪 楊建榮 李碧錦 何二松 許宇彪 林昌榮
目的 比較原發(fā)性肝癌患者肝切除術(shù)和肝移植術(shù)的長期療效,探討肝臟功能良好的早期肝癌患者肝切除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素。方法 選取原發(fā)性肝癌患者77例,其中70例肝切除患者,7例肝移植患者;采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件分析肝切除患者和肝移植患者的生存療效及肝功能Child-Pugh A級患者的肝切除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素。結(jié)果 肝移植組合并肝硬化患者比率顯著高于肝切除組(P=0.015);肝切除組肝功能Child-Pugh分級與肝移植組肝功能Child-Pugh分級的差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.008);肝移植組患者術(shù)前接受TACE治療比率顯著高于肝切除組(P=0.003)。兩組患者在性別、年齡、乙肝感染、腫瘤大小、腫瘤分化程度及術(shù)后輔助化療等方面均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05);肝移植組患者的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)中出血量及術(shù)中輸血率均顯著高于肝切除組(P<0.001);但兩組患者在圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院死亡率、二次手術(shù)率方面比較無顯著差異(P>0.05);肝移植組患者的無瘤生存率明顯優(yōu)于肝切除組(P=0.041);單因素分析結(jié)果顯示:乙肝病毒感染、重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L、甲胎蛋白>100 ng/ml和腫瘤中低分化是影響Child-Pugh A級直徑≤5 cm的單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的重要不良預(yù)后因素;多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L和腫瘤中低分化是影響Child-Pugh A級直徑≤5cm的單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的獨立危險因素。結(jié)論 肝移植術(shù)治療重度肝硬化的單個小肝癌患者的療效優(yōu)于肝切除術(shù),肝移植術(shù)可作為首選方法,非重度肝硬化可考慮肝切除術(shù);因此,術(shù)前應(yīng)對肝功能Child-Pugh A級的單個小肝癌患者進(jìn)行肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度分級,依此選擇合適的外科治療方法。
原發(fā)性肝癌;肝移植術(shù);肝切除術(shù);肝硬化
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2017,32:124~127)
原發(fā)性肝癌在我國發(fā)病率高達(dá)1/2000,是我國惡性腫瘤第二位,且每年新患肝癌占世界新患肝癌人數(shù)的一半以上[1]。近年來,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)及外科手術(shù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,肝癌患者經(jīng)治療后生存率得到大幅度提高[2]。肝移植是早期肝癌最為有效的治療方法,但由于正常肝源供應(yīng)緊缺,治療早期肝癌,仍然較多的首選肝切除[3]。最近有研究報道,肝功能良好Child-Pugh A級的早期肝癌患者,肝切除與肝移植的治療效果差異不大,但仍存在較大的爭議,而且肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度亦有輕重之分,我們設(shè)想肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度的分級是否影響早期肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)和患者的生存率[4]。因此,本研究選取江濱醫(yī)院在2013年1月至2016年1月期間診治的原發(fā)性肝癌患者77例,比較原發(fā)性肝癌患者肝切除術(shù)和肝移植術(shù)的長期生存療效,探討肝功能Child-Pugh A級的單個小肝癌早期患者肝切除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素。
1.1 病例來源
選取江濱醫(yī)院在2013年1月至2016年1月期間診治的原發(fā)性肝癌患者77例,其中70例肝切除患者,7例肝移植患者。肝切除患者中,男性59例,女性11例;年齡17~80歲,中位年齡51歲;合并乙型肝炎61例;合并肝硬化56例,其中重度4例;腫瘤大小1.1~5.0 cm,中位大小3.6 cm;術(shù)前肝功能Child-Pugh分級:64例為A級,6例為B級;腫瘤分化程度:高分化21例,中分化42例,低分化5例;術(shù)前接受TACE治療2例;術(shù)后接受輔助治療21例。肝移植患者中,男性6例,女性1例;年齡27~64歲,中位年齡50歲;合并乙型肝炎6例;合并肝硬化7例,其中重度3例;腫瘤大小0.9~5.0 cm,中位大小3.4 cm;術(shù)前肝功能Child-Pugh分級:2例為A級,3例為B級,2例為C級;腫瘤分化程度:高分化4例,中分化3例;術(shù)前接受TACE治療2例;術(shù)后接受輔助治療4例。選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5]:①肝臟腫瘤為單個且直徑≤5 cm;②腫瘤未遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;③患者無其他手術(shù)禁忌;④術(shù)中切除腫瘤完整;⑤手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本為原發(fā)性肝細(xì)胞癌。
1.2 方法
治療方法[6-8]:兩組患者均在全身麻醉下行手術(shù),且在術(shù)后常規(guī)予保肝、感染控制,并及時處理并發(fā)癥;肝切除組行常規(guī)開腹肝癌根治性切除術(shù),肝移植組行原位背駝式全肝移植術(shù)。術(shù)后隨訪:兩組患者術(shù)后2年內(nèi)每月1次B超及肝功能檢查;每2個月行1次胸部X線片檢查。術(shù)后2年平均每半年復(fù)查1次,一旦確診腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)及時住院治療,1年內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)行TACE治療;1年后復(fù)發(fā)再次行手術(shù)切除。生存時間以月計算,無瘤生存時間以確診為腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)為終點。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 20.0軟件對患者資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。計量資料采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗;Kaplan-Meier法計算患者術(shù)后無瘤生存率;采用log-rank檢驗和Cox風(fēng)險比例模型進(jìn)行預(yù)后單因素和多因素分析;P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 肝切除組和肝移植組患者病理因素比較(表1)
肝移植組合并肝硬化患者中42.86%為重度肝硬化,顯著高于肝切除組的8.57%,兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.015);肝切除組91.43%為肝功能Child-Pugh分級A級,而肝移植組71.43%為肝功能Child-Pugh分級B級或C級,兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.008);肝移植組中28.57%患者接受術(shù)前TACE治療顯著高于肝切除組的2.86%,兩者差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.003)。兩組患者在性別、年齡、乙肝感染、腫瘤大小、腫瘤分化程度及術(shù)后輔助化療等方面均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。
2.2 近期療效
肝移植組中出現(xiàn)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥4例,其中肺部感染3例,膽道感染1例,均經(jīng)保守治療后好轉(zhuǎn);術(shù)中中位出血量為1 400 ml(300~12 000 ml),其中6例需術(shù)中輸血。肝切除組(70例)出現(xiàn)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥6例,其中肺部感染4例,腹腔內(nèi)出血1例,大量腹腔積液1例,均經(jīng)保守治療后好轉(zhuǎn);術(shù)中中位出血量為300 ml(100~1 500 ml),其中7例需術(shù)中輸血。肝移植組患者的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)中出血量及術(shù)中輸血率均顯著高于肝切除組(P<0.001)。但兩組圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院死亡率、二次手術(shù)率比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),見表2。
表1 兩組患者的病理因素比較(例,%)
表2 兩組患者的圍手術(shù)期資料(例,%)
2.3 遠(yuǎn)期療效
截止2016年4月,肝移植組中1例患者出現(xiàn)腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)并死亡;肝切除組29例患者出現(xiàn)腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),24例已經(jīng)死亡,其中21例死于腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),3例死于上消化道大出血。肝切除組1年、2年和3年無瘤生存率分別為85.71%,74.29%和65.71%;肝移植組患者1年、2年和3年無瘤生存率分別為100.0%,85.71%和85.71%。肝移植組患者的無瘤生存率明顯優(yōu)于肝切除組(P=0.041)。
2.4 肝功能Child-Pugh A級肝切除組患者預(yù)后分析
為了鑒別肝功能Child-Pugh A級肝切除組患者術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的不良預(yù)后因素,對該組64例患者的年齡、性別、乙肝病毒感染、重度肝硬化、血小板計數(shù)、血漿甲胎蛋白、腫瘤大小、腫瘤分化程度、肝切除類型、術(shù)中輸血、術(shù)前TACE、術(shù)后預(yù)防性化療等因素進(jìn)行分析。單因素分析結(jié)果顯示:乙肝病毒感染、重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L、甲胎蛋白>100 ng/ml和腫瘤中低分化是影響Child-Pugh A級單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的重要不良預(yù)后因素。多因素分析結(jié)果顯示,重度肝硬化、血小板<100×109/L和腫瘤中低分化是影響Child-Pugh A級單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的最重要的不良預(yù)后因素,見表3、表4。
表3 肝切除組患者術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的單因素分析(例,%)
肝移植術(shù)具有去除腫瘤及潛在病變的肝臟,因此被認(rèn)為是早期肝癌患者的最佳治療方法[9]。最近有研究報道,肝功能良好Child-Pugh A級的早期肝癌患者,肝切除術(shù)與肝移植術(shù)的治療效果差異不大[10]。若肝功能Child-Pugh A級的早期患者伴有肝硬化,肝切除術(shù)的治療效果并非全部良好[11]。Taura研究報道293例早期肝癌行肝切除術(shù)患者,伴有肝硬化166例;結(jié)果顯示,伴有肝硬化患者具有更高的圍手術(shù)期死亡率和腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)率[12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,重度肝硬化是影響Child-Pugh A級單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的重要不良預(yù)后因素。因此,我們建議,肝切除術(shù)前應(yīng)對肝功能Child-Pugh A級的早期肝癌患者進(jìn)行肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度分級[13]。由于正常肝源供應(yīng)緊缺,治療Child-Pugh A級早期肝癌,仍然較多的首選肝切除[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,肝移植組患者的無瘤生存率明顯優(yōu)于肝切除組,可能是由于肝切除術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)性肝癌可能性更高,需再次進(jìn)行肝切除等治療,導(dǎo)致無瘤生存率下降。可以預(yù)見,隨著術(shù)后時間的延長,Child-Pugh A級早期肝癌肝移植組患者的長期生存率亦優(yōu)于肝切除組[15-16]。以往研究表明,Child-Pugh A級早期肝癌患者肝切除術(shù)后3年無瘤生存率60%左右,肝移植術(shù)后的3年無瘤生存率為80%左右,本研究與之相符[17]。本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn),重度肝硬化是影響Child-Pugh A級單個小肝癌切除術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的重要不良預(yù)后因素。因此,對Child-Pugh A級合并肝硬化的早期肝癌患者,研究其肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度分級對治療方法選擇具有重要臨床指導(dǎo)意義[18]。本研究結(jié)果表明,對非重度肝硬化的單個小肝癌患者,肝切除術(shù)療效顯著,其無瘤生存率接近肝移植術(shù),肝切除術(shù)可作為首選治療方法;而對重度肝硬化的單個小肝癌患者,肝移植應(yīng)該作為該類病人的首選治療方法。綜上所述,肝移植術(shù)治療重度肝硬化的單個小肝癌患者的療效優(yōu)于肝切除術(shù),肝移植術(shù)可作為該類病人的首選方法,非重度肝硬化可考慮肝切除術(shù);因此,我們建議,肝切除術(shù)前應(yīng)對肝功能Child-Pugh A級的早期肝癌患者進(jìn)行肝硬化嚴(yán)重程度分級,依此選擇合適的外科治療方法,從而對術(shù)后腫瘤的復(fù)發(fā)具有一定的抑制作用。
表4 肝切除組患者術(shù)后腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的多因素分析
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(編輯:吳小紅)
Surgical Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer and Its Correlation with Tumor Recurrence After Surgical Treatment
MOKaidi,YANGJianrong,LIBijin,etal.
GuangxiJiangbinHospital,Nanning,530021
Objective To compare the long-term therapeutic effect of liver resection and liver transplantation in patients with primary liver cancer,and to explore the influencing factors of recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 77 cases of primary liver cancer patients,of which 70 cases of hepatic resection patients,7 cases of liver transplantation patients.The statistical software SPSS 20.0 comparative analysis of hepatic resection patients and patients with liver transplantation survival efficacy and child Pugh class A patients with liver resection and the factors influencing postoperative recurrence.Results Liver combined transplantation and in patients with liver cirrhosis ratio was higher than that in liver resection group(P=0.015);liver resection group child Pugh grading and hepatic transplanted liver function of child Pugh grading difference was statistically significant(P=0.008);liver transplantation patients received TACE ratio was higher than that in liver resection group(P=0.003).Two groups of patients were no significant difference in gender,age,hepatitis B infection,tumor size,tumor differentiation and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and other aspects(P>0.05);liver transplantation group patients the incidence of postoperative complications,intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion rate were significantly higher than those in liver resection group(P<0.001);but 2 patients in the perioperative nosocomial mortality, surgery rate showed no significant difference(P>0.05);liver transplantation in patients with tumor free survival rate was significantly better than the liver resection group(P=0.041);the results of univariate analysis showed that hepatitis B virus infection and severe liver cirrhosis,platelet <100×109/L,>100 ng/ml and tumor AFP low differentiation is an important prognostic factors for tumor recurrence of small hepatocellular carcinoma resection of single Child-Pugh a diameter less than 5cm;the results of multivariate analysis showed that severe liver cirrhosis,blood Effect of child Pugh a less than 5 cm in diameter of a single small hepatocellular carcinoma resection of the independent risk factors of postoperative tumor recurrence is low in <100×109/L and tumor differentiation.ConclusionLiver transplantation in the treatment of severe cirrhosis of single small hepatocellular carcinoma patients with curative effect is better than that of liver resection,liver transplantation can be used as the preferred method,non severe cirrhosis may be considered for liver resection;therefore,preoperative deal with child Pugh class a single small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis severity grading,and choose appropriate surgical treatment.
Primary liver cancer;Liver transplantation;Liver resection;Liver cirrhosis
530021 廣西壯族自治區(qū)江濱醫(yī)院
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2017.01.039
R735.7
A
1001-5930(2017)01-0124-04
2016-07-06
2016-09-06)