• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Disability, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in infertile women: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

    2016-12-08 11:19:56HacerSEZGINCicekHOCAOGLUEmineSedaGUVENDAGGUVEN
    上海精神醫(yī)學(xué) 2016年2期
    關(guān)鍵詞:橫斷面精神病土耳其

    Hacer SEZGIN, Cicek HOCAOGLU*, Emine Seda GUVENDAG-GUVEN

    Disability, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in infertile women: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

    Hacer SEZGIN1, Cicek HOCAOGLU2,*, Emine Seda GUVENDAG-GUVEN3

    infertility; quality of life; disability; psychiatric symptoms; cross-sectional study; Turkey

    1. Introduction

    Infertility, defined as the failure to become pregnant despite regular sexual intercourse for one year, affects 10-15% of couples in the reproductive age group (18-45 years of age).[1]It often results in substantial negative social and psychological effects for the affected couple,particularly the woman.[2-4]There are many studies about the etiology and treatment of infertility[5-7]but relatively few about the psychological and social effects of infertility.

    One study of 112 women being treated for infertility in Taiwan[8]reported that 23% met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder, 17% for major depressive disorder, and 10% for dysthymic disorder; thus over 40%had one of these common mental disorders, a much higher prevalence than the 10% to 12% reported in the general population. Nationally representative studies of community-dwelling women in the United States,[9]and in Finland[10]reported that infertility was associated with high rates of anxiety symptoms.

    Social factors influence attitudes about infertility and the lived experience of persons who are infertile.Thus, it is reasonable to expect that the prevalence of mental disorders in individuals with infertility will vary cross-culturally. The aim of this study was to compare the severity of anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life between married women from one urban center in Turkey seeking treatment for infertility with that of fertile married women from the same community who are matched for age.

    2. Methods

    2.1. Participants

    As shown in Figure 1, this study enrolled married women treated in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Rize Training and Research Hospital who had a diagnosis of infertility between March and September 2011.Participants met the following criteria: (a) 18 to 50 years of age; (b) currently married; (c) residents of Rize; (d) able to read at a level that made it possible to complete the questionnaires used in the study; (e)not menopausal; (f) did not have mental retardation,dementia, a psychotic disorder, or a history of substance abuse; (g) had not used psychoactive medication in the prior 3 months; and (h) provided written informed consent to participate in the study. The control group were healthy fertile women who were currently married and residents of Rize; they were identified from among hospital workers and relatives of the enrolled patients,matched for age with the identified patients, and provided written informed consent to participate in the study.

    2.2. Measurements

    All participants were administered a comprehensive demographic data form by the researcher, and selfcompleted three scales: the Turkish versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),[11]the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ),[12]and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).[13]

    Figure 1. Flowchart of the study

    2.2.1 The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

    The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)[14]is a 14-item scale (7 about anxiety and 7 about depression)scored on 4-point Likert scales (ranging from 0 to 3)that assesses the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the prior week. The total score for each of the two subscales, respectively) ranges from 0 to 21,with higher scores representing more severe depression or anxiety. Based on studies with the Turkish version of the scale,[11]individuals with scores of 8 or above on the depression subscale have clinically significant depression and individuals with scores of 11 or more on the anxiety subscale have clinically significant anxiety.

    2.2.2 The Brief Disability Questionnaire

    The Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ) is composed of 11 items about physical and social deficits in the prior month that were originally part of the MOS Short Form General Health Survey.[15]Items are scored on 3-point Likert scales (0 to 2), so the range in scores is from 0 to 22 with higher scores representing greater deficits:scores of 0 to 4 are classified as ‘no deficit’, 5 to 7 as ‘mild deficit’, 8 to 12 as ‘moderate deficit’, and 13 or higher as‘severe deficit’. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of BDQ have been assessed.[12]

    2.2.3 The Short Form Health Survey

    The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)[15]is a selfcompletion scale developed by the Rand Corporation to assess quality of life. The 36 items are subdivided into 8 subscales that assess physical functioning, physical role performance, pain, general health, vitality (energy),social functioning, emotional role-performance, and mental health. The crude subscale scores are converted to 0-to-100 point scales with higher scores representing better health status. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the scale has been assessed previously.[18]

    2.3 Statistical Analysis

    Data were assessed using the SPSS v16.0 statistical package. Demographic variables and the outcomes of the three clinical self-report scales used in the study in the infertile and fertile groups were compared using Chi-square tests for dichotomous variables, Mann-Whitney U tests for ranked variables, and t-tests for continuous variables from normal populations. Within the infertile group, the relationship of the demographic characteristics of the individuals with the outcomes of the three scales were assessed using correlation coefficients (for continuous variables), Chi-square tests,and the Mann-Whitney U test.

    The conduct of this study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee in the Faculty of Medicine at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University.

    3. Results

    In total, 100 infertile women and 100 healthy volunteers completed the study. Table 1 compares the demographic characteristics of the two groups. There were no significant differences in the level of education or family income between the infertile and fertile women, in the proportion who were currently employed, or in the proportions who reported a personal or family history of psychiatric treatment. The range in age of individuals in the infertile group was 21 to 47 and that of individuals in the control group was 22 to 52. The mean (sd) age of individuals in the infertile group was 29.7 (5.6) years and that in the fertile control group was 30.7 (5.5) years(t=1.27, p=0.204). There was, however, a significant difference in the duration of marriage between groups:the infertile group had been married for an average of 9.3 (6.3) years while the healthy control group had only been married for an average of 6.4 (3.4) years(t=4.05, p<0.001). Among the 8 women in the infertile group with a history of psychiatric illness, 5 had had major depression, 2 panic disorder, and 1 somatization disorder; the 11 women in the healthy control group with a history of a psychiatric disorder included 6 who had had major depression, 3 with generalized anxiety disorder, 2 with adjustment disorder, and 1 with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    Comparison of the anxiety and depression subscale scores of the HADS, BDQ total scores, and SF-36 subscale scores between the two groups is shown in Table 2. The mean level of self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms over the prior week was not significantly different between the two groups. However,the proportion of subjects who had clinically significant anxiety (i.e., HADS anxiety subscale score >11) was significantly higher in the infertile group than in the control group (31% v. 17%, X2=5.37, p=0.020) and the proportion who had clinically significant depression (i.e.,HADS depression subscale score >8) was also higher (but not significantly higher) in the infertile group than in the control group (43% v. 33%, X2=2.12, p=0.145).

    The severity of self-reported disability was significantly greater among infertile patients than among the fertile controls. The proportion of respondents in the infertile group classified as ‘no disability’, ‘mild’disability’, ‘moderate disability’ and ‘severe disability’were 5%, 15%, 63%, and 17%, respectively; the corresponding proportions in the fertile control group were 39%, 39%, 20% and 2%, respectively. (Z-value for the Mann-Whitney rank test=7.82, p<0.001).Comparison of the scores of the various measures assessed by the SF-36 show that 4 of the 8 subscales –general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health – were significantly worse in the infertile group.

    Table 3 shows the association between different demographic characteristics of the infertile patients and the severity of their depressive and anxiety symptoms,their self-reported level of disability, and their scores on the four SF-36 subscales in which the infertilepatients were functioning at significantly lower levels than controls. There were several significant findings.AGE: somewhat unexpectedly, within this group of infertile women, self-reported disability decreased with age. EDUCATION: higher education was significantly associated with decreased self-reported depression and anxiety, and poorer self-reported social functioning.INCOME: higher family income was associated with less severe self-reported depression and anxiety, and better self-reported general health. DURATION OF MARRIAGE:infertile women married for less than 5 years reported significantly greater disability over the prior month than infertile women married for 5 years or more. CURRENT EMPLOYMENT: compared to employed infertile women,unemployed infertile women had less severe depressive and anxiety symptoms and reported better general health, vitality, and mental health. Neither a HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS nor a FAMILY HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS were significantly related to any of the outcome variables.

    Table 1. Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of infertile female patients and healthy,fertile controls

    Table 2. Mean (sd) scores from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) of 100 infertile female patients and 100 fertile controls from Turkey

    Table 3. Association of demographic variables and scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales(HAD-D, HAD-A), the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), and three subscale scores of the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) in 100 infertile female outpatients in Turkey

    4. Discussion

    4.1 Main findings

    Both self-report depressive symptoms and self-report anxiety symptoms on the HADS were more severe in infertile women than in fertile women, but the difference was not statistically significant for depressive symptoms and only statistically significant for anxiety symptoms when results were dichotomized into those with and without ‘clinically significant anxiety’.Infertile women reported greater disability on the BDQ and poorer functioning on 4 of the 8 components of quality of life assessed by the SF-36. We also found that compared to infertile women who were not employed,those that were employed reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, greater disability,and poorer quality of life.

    In Turkey, infertile women who are not able to bear children are marginalized in the society and often harshly criticized by their husbands and inlaws. This environment would reasonably be expected to negatively affect the emotional status of infertile women, and, thus, lead to an increased prevalence of common mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety. Most international studies[8,9,16-19]support this hypothesized causal link between a chronic psychosocial stressor and emotional dysregulation: they report a significantly higher severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and a significantly higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders among infertile women than among fertile women. There are, however,exceptions: similar to the results of the current study,two previous studies from Turkey[20,21]reported no significant difference in the level of depression and anxiety between infertile and fertile women. Previous reports have also had different findings about the association of age and the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms in infertile women; some studies confirm our finding of no relationship,[22,23]while other studies[17,19,20]report that depressive and anxiety symptoms increase with age. The reason for these differences are unknown, but the possible explanations include (a) high levels of depression and anxiety in all married Turkish women regardless of fertility status; (b)cross-cultural differences in the mechanism via which social stressors lead to emotional disturbances; and (c)methodological limitations of the study,

    Several studies have reported on the quality of life among infertile women.[24-35]Similar to our findings,most of the case control studies report substantially decreased quality of life among infertile women in several of the quality of life subscales.[31]However, unlike other studies, we did not find that decreased quality of life among infertile women was closely associated with increased symptoms of depression.[36-38]Thus the quality of life changes in our infertile patients in Turkey were not directly related to changes in the severity of their psychological symptoms.

    Our results related to self-reported disability in the month prior to the interview were quite robust. Both the mean score to the BDQ and the ranked classification of the results of the BDQ found that the infertile patient group reported significantly greater impairment than that reported by women of the same age and marital status who were not infertile. In the absence of differences in the level of depressive and anxiety symptoms between the groups, this suggests that social discrimination of women in Turkey who cannot fulfil this expected role directly affects their functioning. To our knowledge, no previous study has reported the level of disability among infertile subjects.

    The reasons for the more prominent depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater impairment in the quality of life among employed women who are infertile compared to that in unemployed women who are infertile are unknown. Presumably this is related to the greater exposure employed women who are infertile have to social disapproval than unemployed women(who primarily work in the home as housewives), but further qualitative studies will be needed to clarify this issue.

    4.2. Limitations

    This study has several limitations. (a) The cross-sectional nature of the study made it impossible to identify causal relationships between infertility and the various psychological, functional, and quality of life measures assessed. (b) All measures employed were selfrated, so different types of reporting biases may have affected the results. (c) There was no formal diagnosis made of the patients or controls so the proportion that had psychological disorders that were severe enough to merit psychiatric intervention was unknown.(d) The sample was selected from married women with infertility being treated at an urban outpatient department, so the results may not be generalizable to all infertile women. (e) Sexual dysfunction, a common problem in infertile couples, was not considered among the eight aspects of quality of life assessed by the SF-36.(f) Several factors that may affect the psychosocial effects of infertility (e.g., duration of infertility, use of different fertility treatments, etc.) were not considered.Finally, (g) the sample of infertile patients was not large enough to employ multivariate linear regression analyses (or other multivariate techniques) to assess the relative importance of potential demographic and clinical treatment determinants of depression, anxiety,perceived disability, or quality of life.

    4.3 Importance

    This study found that the self-reported level of disability and levels of several measures of the quality of life of infertile married women in Turkey, particularly those who are currently employed, are significantly lower than those of fertile married women. However, the selfreported level of depressive and anxiety symptoms was not different between infertile and fertile women.This disconnect between psychological symptoms,functioning, and quality of life suggests that western assumptions about the causal relation of major psychosocial stressors (such as infertility) to common mental disorders may need to be adjusted when considering non-western cultures, where the meaning and psychological valence of specific types of stressors can be quite different. Only a minority of infertile participants had clinically significant depression (43%)or clinically significant anxiety (33%), so psychosocial interventions for infertile women should focus on social support and place somewhat less emphasis on psychiatric treatment. However, this is a small crosssectional study in one urban clinic in Turkey, so larger studies that enroll a broader spectrum of infertile patients and that follow them over time are needed to confirm the relevance of these findings.

    Funding

    This study received no financial support.

    Conflict of interest statement

    The authors report no conflict of interest related to this manuscript.

    Ethical review

    The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Rize, Turkey. (date of approval:25.02.2011; number: 2011/6)

    Informed consent

    Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

    Authors’ contributions

    HS and CH participated in the design of the study,in data collection, and drafted the manuscript. CH performed the statistical analysis and critically reviewed the manuscript. ESGG carried out the clinical diagnosis and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

    1. Mosher WD, Pratt WF. Fecundity and infertility in the United States: incidence and trends. Fertil Steril. 1991; 56(2): 192-193

    2. Kraft AD, Palombo J, Mitchell D, Dean C, Meyers S, Schmidt AW. The psychological dimensions of infertility. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1980; 50(4): 618-628

    3. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsis of Psychiatry. 9th ed.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p. 60-65

    4. Raphael-Leff J. Psychotherapy during the reproductive years.In Gabbard GO, Beck JS, Holmes J, editors. Oxford Textbook of Psychotherapy. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p.367-379

    5. Nahar P, Richters A. Suffering of childless women in Bangladesh: the intersection of social identities of gender and class. Anthropol Med. 2011; 18(3): 327–338. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2011.615911

    6. Onat G, K?z?lkaya Beji N. Effects of infertility on gender differences in marital relationship and quality of life: a case control study of Turkish couples. Eur J Obst Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012; 165(2): 243-248. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.033

    7. Mahlstedt PP. The psychological component of infertility. Fertil Steril. 1985; 43(3): 335-346

    8. Chen TH, Chang SP, Tsai CF, Juang KD. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in an assisted reproductive technique clinic. Hum Reprod. 2004; 19(10): 2313-2318. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh414

    9. King RB. Subfecundity and anxiety in a nationally representative sample. Soc Sci Med. 2003; 56(4): 739-741.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00069-2

    10. Klemetti R, Raitanen J, Sihvo S, Saarni S, Koponen P. Infertility,mental disorders and well-being: a nationwide survey. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010; 89(5): 677-682. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016341003623746

    11. Aydemir O, Guvenir T, Kuey L, Kultur S. [Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1997; 8(3): 280-287. Turkish

    12. Kaplan I. [The relationship between mental disorders and disability in patients admitted to the semi-rural health centers]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 1995; 6(2): 169-179. Turkish

    13. Ko?yigit H, Aydemir O, Fisek G, Olmez N, Memis A. [The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Short Form-36(SF-36)]. ?la? ve Tedavi Dergisi. 1999; 12(3): 102-106. Turkish

    14. Aydemir O, Koroglu E. [Clinical scales used in psychiatry].Hekimler Yay?n Birli?i. 2006; 138-139: 346-347. Turkish

    15. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE Jr. The MOS Short-Form General Health Survey: reliability and validity in a patient population.Med Care. 1988; 26(7): 724-735

    16. Anderson KM, Sharpe M, Rattray A, Irvine DS. Distress and concerns in couples referred to a specialist infertility clinic.J Psychosom Res. 2003; 54(4): 353-355. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00398-7

    17. Domar AD, Zuttermeister PC, Seibel M, Benson H.Psychological improvement in infertile women after behavioral treatment: a replication. Fertil Steril. 1992; 58(1):144-147

    18. Lukse MP, Vacc NA. Grief, depression and coping in women undergoing infertility treatment. Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 93(2):245-251

    19. Drosdzol A, Skrzypulec V. Depression and anxiety among Polish infertile couples-an evaluative prevalence study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009; 30(1): 11-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01674820902830276

    20. Guz H, Ozkan A, Sar?soy G, Yanik F, Yanik A. Psychiatric symptoms in Turkish infertile women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2003; 24(4): 267-271

    21. Gulseren L, Cetinay P, Tokatl?oglu B, Sar?kaya OO, Gulseren S, Kurt S. Depression and anxiety levels in infertile Turkish women. J Reprod Med. 2006; 51(5): 421-426

    22. Ashkani H, Akbari A, Heydari ST. Epidemiology of depression among infertile and fertile couples in Shiraz, Southern Iran.Indian J Med Sci. 2006; 60(10): 399-406.

    23. Beutel M, Kupfer J, Kirchmeyer P, Kehde S, Kohn FM,Schroeder-Printzen I. Treatment related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI. Andrologia. 1999; 31(1): 27-35. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02839.x

    24. Heredia M, Tenías JM, Rocio R, Amparo F, Calleja MA, Valenzuela JC. Quality of life and predictive factors in patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013; 167(2): 176-180. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.12.011

    25. Monga M, Bogdan A, Katz SE, Stein M, Ganiats T. Impact of infertility on quality of life, marital adjustment and sexual function. Urology. 2004; 63(1): 126-130. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2003.09.015

    26. Fekkes M, Buitendijk SE, Verrips GH, Braat DD, Brewaeys AM, Dolfing JG, et al. Health-related quality of life in relation to gender and age in couples planning IVF treatment.Hum Reprod. 2003; 18(7): 1536-1543. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg276

    27. Hassanin IM, Abd-El-Raheem T, Shahin AY. Primary infertility and health-related quality of life in Upper Egypt. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010; 110(2): 118-121. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.02.015

    28. Abbey A, Andrews FM, Halman LJ. Provision and receipt of social support and disregard: what is their impact on the marital life quality of infertile and fertile couples? J Personality Soc Psychol. 1995; 68(3): 455-469. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.455

    29. Andrews FM, Abbey A, Halman LJ. Is fertility problem stress different? The dynamics of stress in fertile and infertile couples. Fertil Steril. 1992; 57(6): 1247-1253

    30. Andrews FM, Abbey A, Halman LJ. Stress from infertility,marriage factors, and subjective well-being of wives and husbands. J Health Soc Behav. 1991; 32(3): 238-253

    31. Ragni G, Mosconi P, Baldini MP. Health-related quality of life and need for IVF in 1000 Italian infertile couples.Hum Reprod. 2005; 20(5): 1286-1291. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh788

    32. Weaver SM, Clifford E, Douglas MH, Robinson J. Psychosocial adjustment to unsuccessful IVF and GIFT treatment.Patient Educ Couns. 1997; 31(1): 7-18. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0738-3991(97)01005-7

    33. Hearn MT, Yuzpe AA, Brown SE. Psychological characteristics of in vitro fertilization participants. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1987; 156(1): 269-274

    34. Onat G, Kizilkaya Beji N. Effects of infertility on gender differences in marital relationship and quality of life: a casecontrol study of Turkish couples. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012; 165(2): 243-248. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.07.033

    35. Lau JT, Wang Q, Cheng Y, Kim JH, Yang X, Tsui HY. Infertilityrelated perceptions and responses and their associations with quality of life among rural Chinese infertile couples. J Sex Marital Ther. 2008; 34(3): 248-267. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926230701866117

    36. Smith JF, Walsh TJ, Shindel AF. Sexual, marital and social impact of a man’s perceived infertility diagnosis. J Sex Med.2009; 6(9): 2505-2515. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01383.x

    37. Mosalanejad L, Abdolahifard K, Jahromi MG.Therapeutic vaccines: hope therapy and its effects on psychiatric symptoms among infertile women. Glob J Health Sci. 2013; 6(1): 192-200. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v6n1p192

    38. Carter J, Applegarth L, Josephs L, Grill E. A cross-sectional cohort study of infertile women awaiting oocyte donation:the emotional, sexual, and quality-of-life impact. Fertil Steril. 2011; 95(2): 711-6.e1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.004

    (received, 2016-02-04, accepted, 2016-02-20)

    Dr. Hacer Sezgin obtained a medical degree in 2005 from Karadeniz Technical University and received postgraduate training in family medicine between 2010 and 2013 at the Department of Family Medicine at the Medical School of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University in Rize, Turkey. She is currently a specialist physician in the Department of Family Medicine at ?ay?rli State Hospital in Erzincan,Turkey. Her research interests are female infertility and its psychological impact, polycystic ovarian syndrome, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and Hashimoto thyroiditis.

    不育婦女的功能障礙、精神病癥狀和生活質(zhì)量:一項(xiàng)來自土耳其橫斷面研究

    Sezgin H, Hocaoglu C, Guvendag-Guven ES

    背景:不孕不育是一種重大的生活危機(jī),它可以導(dǎo)致精神病癥狀的發(fā)展并且對夫妻的生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,但其影響程度可能取決于文化背景。目標(biāo):我們比較了土耳其城市中生育婦女和不孕婦女的精神病癥狀程度、功能障礙水平和生活質(zhì)量。方法:該橫斷面研究納入了100名在里澤教育和研究醫(yī)院的婦產(chǎn)科門診治療不孕不育的已婚女性和100名已婚已育的婦女作為對照組。對所有參與者均采用社會人口信息篩查表、醫(yī)院焦慮抑郁量表(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS)、簡單功能障礙問卷 (Brief Disability Questionnaire, BDQ) 和健康狀況問卷 (Short Form Health Survey , SF-36) 進(jìn)行評估。結(jié)果:不育女性的平均焦慮分量表得分和抑郁分量表得分稍高于對照組,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。不孕組婦女中有顯著臨床焦慮癥狀的比例(即焦慮分量表得分> 11)顯著高于育齡婦女 (31% v. 17%,X2=5.37, p=0.020),但有顯著臨床抑郁癥狀的比例(即抑郁分量表評分HADS > 8)在兩組間沒有顯著性差異 (43% v. 33%, X2=2.12, p=0.145)。不育女性自我報(bào)告前一個(gè)月的功能障礙顯著比對照組嚴(yán)重,并且不育女性在SF-36的8個(gè)分量表中4個(gè)(一般健康、活力、社會功能和心理健康)顯著差于對照組。與目前工作的不育女性相比,目前沒有工作的女性不育患者報(bào)告的抑郁和焦慮程度較輕,且一般健康狀況、活力和心理健康狀況較好。結(jié)論:未發(fā)現(xiàn)土耳其城市地區(qū)中尋求治療的不孕不育已婚女性并比已婚已育婦女有更嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥狀,但他們確實(shí)報(bào)告有較大的軀體和心理障礙并且生活質(zhì)量較差。不孕不育的負(fù)面影響對在職不孕女性婦女比無業(yè)的不孕婦女更嚴(yán)重。西方國家這通常報(bào)告不孕患者抑郁和焦慮的患病率更高,我們需要更大規(guī)模的隨訪研究以評估這些結(jié)果與西方國家報(bào)告的結(jié)果不同的原因。

    不育;生活質(zhì)量;功能障礙;精神病癥狀;橫斷面研究;土耳其

    本文全文中文版從2016年8月25日起在

    http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216014可供免費(fèi)閱覽下載

    Background:Infertility is a major life crisis which can lead to the development of psychiatric symptoms and negative effects on the quality of life of affected couples, but the magnitude of the effects may vary depending on cultural expectations.Aim:We compare the level of psychiatric symptoms, disability, and quality of life in fertile and infertile women in urban Turkey.Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 100 married women being treated for infertility at the outpatient department of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Rize Education and Research Hospital and a control group of 100 fertile married women. All study participants were evaluated with a socio-demographic data screening form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).Results:The mean anxiety subscale score and depression subscale score of HADS were slightly higher in the infertile group than in controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. The proportion of subjects with clinically significant anxiety (i.e., anxiety subscale score of HADS >11) was significantly higher in infertile women than in fertile women (31% v. 17%, X2=5.37, p=0.020), but the proportion with clinically significant depressive symptoms (i.e., depression subscale score of HADS >8) was not significantly different(43% v. 33%, X2=2.12, p=0.145). Self-reported disability over the prior month was significantly worse in the infertile group than in the controls, and 4 of the 8 subscales of the SF-36 – general health, vitality, social functioning, and mental health – were significantly worse in the infertile group. Compared to infertile women who were currently working, infertile women who were not currently working reported less severe depression and anxiety and better general health, vitality, and mental health.Conclusions:Married women from urban Turkey seeking treatment for infertility do not have significantly more severe depressive symptoms than fertile married controls, but they do report greater physical and psychological disability and a poorer quality of life. The negative effects of infertility were more severe in infertile women who were employed than in those who were not employed. Larger follow-up studies are needed to assess the reasons for the differences between these results and those reported in western countries which usually report a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in infertile patients.

    [Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2016; 28(2): 86-94.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216014]

    1Department of Family Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey

    2Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey

    3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey

    *correspondence: Dr. Cicek Hocaoglu, Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.E-mail: cicekh@gmail.com

    A full-text Chinese translation of this article will be available at http://dx.doi.org/10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216014 on August 25, 2016.

    猜你喜歡
    橫斷面精神病土耳其
    土耳其T-129攻擊直升機(jī)
    軍事文摘(2022年15期)2022-08-17 02:19:24
    完形填空專練(五)
    城市道路橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)研究
    非典型抗精神病藥物導(dǎo)致的代謝紊亂
    精神病
    都有精神病
    文苑(2018年19期)2018-11-09 01:30:28
    我也叫“土耳其”
    廣州市健康體檢人群種植修復(fù)情況的橫斷面研究
    土耳其政變?yōu)楹我允「娼K
    海外星云(2016年15期)2016-12-01 04:18:13
    土耳其醫(yī)改后來居上
    eeuss影院久久| 婷婷色综合www| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 国产黄片视频在线免费观看| 寂寞人妻少妇视频99o| 久久人人爽人人片av| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 中文天堂在线官网| 男女那种视频在线观看| 亚洲国产最新在线播放| 日韩中字成人| 欧美高清成人免费视频www| 亚洲综合精品二区| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 中文字幕久久专区| 嫩草影院新地址| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 国产一级毛片在线| 视频中文字幕在线观看| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 一级黄片播放器| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 国内精品一区二区在线观看| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 日本免费a在线| av网站免费在线观看视频 | 久久6这里有精品| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频 | 免费观看性生交大片5| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| 久久久a久久爽久久v久久| 亚洲综合精品二区| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 亚洲成色77777| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 国产 亚洲一区二区三区 | 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| av专区在线播放| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频 | 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 黄片wwwwww| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡 | 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| freevideosex欧美| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久| 日本黄大片高清| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 久久国内精品自在自线图片| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 日韩国内少妇激情av| 久久久久性生活片| 免费大片18禁| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 欧美高清性xxxxhd video| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 黄片无遮挡物在线观看| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 嫩草影院精品99| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 1000部很黄的大片| 亚洲欧美日韩东京热| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 亚洲av二区三区四区| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 少妇丰满av| 老司机影院毛片| 亚洲不卡免费看| 久久久久网色| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 黄色一级大片看看| 午夜久久久久精精品| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 国产午夜福利久久久久久| 一级毛片aaaaaa免费看小| 欧美xxxx性猛交bbbb| 欧美性感艳星| 久久精品人妻少妇| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 亚洲人与动物交配视频| 久久久久久久午夜电影| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 亚洲性久久影院| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 午夜福利高清视频| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看 | 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 亚洲成人av在线免费| 国产精品伦人一区二区| 国产 一区 欧美 日韩| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 久久久久九九精品影院| 免费看a级黄色片| 看免费成人av毛片| 国产大屁股一区二区在线视频| 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| 一级毛片电影观看| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 日韩成人伦理影院| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 亚洲综合色惰| 亚洲精品aⅴ在线观看| 天堂网av新在线| 亚洲va在线va天堂va国产| 日韩强制内射视频| 国产av码专区亚洲av| 99热这里只有是精品50| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 国产高清国产精品国产三级 | 观看免费一级毛片| 国产精品久久视频播放| 精品一区二区免费观看| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 日韩伦理黄色片| 三级经典国产精品| 国产大屁股一区二区在线视频| 天堂网av新在线| 亚洲最大成人av| 久久99精品国语久久久| 搞女人的毛片| 一级av片app| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 舔av片在线| 亚洲av成人精品一二三区| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 国产高清不卡午夜福利| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 精品久久久久久久末码| 国产精品一及| 久久久久久久久久人人人人人人| 国产成人精品一,二区| 如何舔出高潮| 亚洲精品影视一区二区三区av| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 美女国产视频在线观看| 日韩av不卡免费在线播放| 搞女人的毛片| 精品熟女少妇av免费看| 欧美激情在线99| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 久久久色成人| 免费看a级黄色片| av在线蜜桃| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜 | av一本久久久久| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 联通29元200g的流量卡| 极品教师在线视频| 大香蕉97超碰在线| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 日韩大片免费观看网站| 成人特级av手机在线观看| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 特级一级黄色大片| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 日韩在线高清观看一区二区三区| 精品一区二区三卡| 免费看日本二区| 我的女老师完整版在线观看| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99 | 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 嘟嘟电影网在线观看| 国产欧美另类精品又又久久亚洲欧美| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 能在线免费看毛片的网站| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 美女黄网站色视频| 国产 一区精品| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 国产av在哪里看| av.在线天堂| 伦精品一区二区三区| 日韩视频在线欧美| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 美女内射精品一级片tv| 国产精品精品国产色婷婷| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花 | 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| 美女高潮的动态| 好男人在线观看高清免费视频| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 美女黄网站色视频| 蜜臀久久99精品久久宅男| 一级毛片黄色毛片免费观看视频| 搞女人的毛片| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 六月丁香七月| 国产国拍精品亚洲av在线观看| 国内精品一区二区在线观看| 国产在线男女| 国产色婷婷99| 老女人水多毛片| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| videossex国产| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 亚洲av成人av| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 国产探花极品一区二区| 高清在线视频一区二区三区| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 嫩草影院入口| 精品久久久精品久久久| 婷婷色综合www| 嫩草影院入口| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花 | 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 国产三级在线视频| 色5月婷婷丁香| 欧美高清性xxxxhd video| 欧美成人午夜免费资源| 日日啪夜夜爽| 又爽又黄a免费视频| 九九爱精品视频在线观看| 成年av动漫网址| 国产单亲对白刺激| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| 毛片女人毛片| 成人特级av手机在线观看| 麻豆国产97在线/欧美| 国产成人91sexporn| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 久久99热这里只有精品18| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 国产综合懂色| 亚洲精品国产成人久久av| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 精品国产三级普通话版| 色哟哟·www| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| 六月丁香七月| 欧美bdsm另类| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久av不卡| 中国国产av一级| 九色成人免费人妻av| av网站免费在线观看视频 | 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 欧美97在线视频| 人人妻人人看人人澡| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 国产精品不卡视频一区二区| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看 | 亚洲成人中文字幕在线播放| 成年版毛片免费区| 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 国产成人freesex在线| 久久久久免费精品人妻一区二区| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 久久久久性生活片| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 免费观看无遮挡的男女| 久久国产乱子免费精品| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 国产亚洲91精品色在线| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 只有这里有精品99| 中文欧美无线码| 91久久精品电影网| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 国产精品久久久久久久电影| 国产毛片a区久久久久| 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 插逼视频在线观看| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影| av在线亚洲专区| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 免费av观看视频| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添av毛片| 亚洲精品日本国产第一区| 成年人午夜在线观看视频 | 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 免费人成在线观看视频色| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| av线在线观看网站| 青春草国产在线视频| 免费看美女性在线毛片视频| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 18禁动态无遮挡网站| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 亚洲内射少妇av| 少妇的逼好多水| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 亚州av有码| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 精品久久久久久电影网| 国产永久视频网站| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区| 免费av不卡在线播放| 亚洲国产高清在线一区二区三| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| 国产 一区精品| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 丰满人妻一区二区三区视频av| 26uuu在线亚洲综合色| 免费不卡的大黄色大毛片视频在线观看 | 成人二区视频| 精品一区二区三卡| 国产黄片美女视频| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| eeuss影院久久| 美女大奶头视频| 日日撸夜夜添| 777米奇影视久久| 少妇的逼好多水| 久久97久久精品| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 国产精品久久视频播放| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 蜜桃亚洲精品一区二区三区| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 性色avwww在线观看| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区 | 精品久久久久久久久亚洲| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 乱人视频在线观看| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 成人欧美大片| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3| 亚洲精华国产精华液的使用体验| 国产精品.久久久| 亚洲国产精品sss在线观看| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片 精品乱码久久久久久99久播 | 春色校园在线视频观看| 青春草国产在线视频| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 欧美潮喷喷水| 久久久久久久久久人人人人人人| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 欧美激情在线99| 亚洲四区av| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| 人妻一区二区av| 美女主播在线视频| 欧美性感艳星| 欧美3d第一页| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添av毛片| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 床上黄色一级片| 国产亚洲精品久久久com| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇| 久久久国产一区二区| 18禁在线无遮挡免费观看视频| 极品教师在线视频| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 最近的中文字幕免费完整| 欧美一级a爱片免费观看看| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看 | 亚洲在久久综合| 男人舔奶头视频| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| 精品久久久久久成人av| 伊人久久精品亚洲午夜| 国产av在哪里看| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 欧美三级亚洲精品| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影| 嫩草影院入口| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 国产精品久久久久久久电影| 免费电影在线观看免费观看| 亚洲精品影视一区二区三区av| 精品一区二区三卡| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 国产一区亚洲一区在线观看| 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 中文字幕亚洲精品专区| 亚洲av二区三区四区| av播播在线观看一区| 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 能在线免费观看的黄片| 秋霞伦理黄片| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 色哟哟·www| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 我的女老师完整版在线观看| 国产乱人视频| 国产视频首页在线观看| 韩国av在线不卡| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 亚洲不卡免费看| 久热久热在线精品观看| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 欧美一区二区亚洲| 久久久久精品性色| av在线老鸭窝| 国产极品天堂在线| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 成人av在线播放网站| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| 国产爱豆传媒在线观看| 欧美激情在线99| 99热这里只有精品一区| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 在线观看一区二区三区| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 乱码一卡2卡4卡精品| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕 | 只有这里有精品99| 亚洲内射少妇av| 久久午夜福利片| 中文字幕制服av| 亚洲经典国产精华液单| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 国产成人aa在线观看| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 国产成人福利小说| 亚洲精品第二区| 国产成人精品一,二区| 九九在线视频观看精品| 精品久久久久久久久av| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说 | 国产亚洲最大av| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 少妇高潮的动态图| www.色视频.com| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 国产黄片美女视频| 午夜福利高清视频| h日本视频在线播放| 色网站视频免费| 欧美三级亚洲精品| 国内精品美女久久久久久| 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| 色综合色国产| 欧美bdsm另类| 精品久久久精品久久久| 天堂网av新在线| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 一级片'在线观看视频| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 亚洲性久久影院| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 亚洲国产最新在线播放| 国产成人a区在线观看| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 国产精品久久久久久av不卡| 免费观看精品视频网站| freevideosex欧美| 国产免费视频播放在线视频 | 亚洲久久久久久中文字幕| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| av.在线天堂| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 亚洲精品乱码久久久v下载方式| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花 | 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 18+在线观看网站| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 日韩在线高清观看一区二区三区| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 亚洲精品日本国产第一区| 搞女人的毛片| www.色视频.com| 久久久久精品性色| 小蜜桃在线观看免费完整版高清| 免费av毛片视频| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 高清视频免费观看一区二区 | 亚洲综合色惰| 亚洲最大成人手机在线| 免费看光身美女| 国语对白做爰xxxⅹ性视频网站| 免费少妇av软件| av播播在线观看一区| 亚洲综合精品二区| .国产精品久久| 国产精品三级大全| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 1000部很黄的大片| av在线播放精品| 国产成人a区在线观看| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 嫩草影院新地址| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 欧美+日韩+精品| 国产av不卡久久| 一级黄片播放器| 欧美三级亚洲精品| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 天堂中文最新版在线下载 | 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 免费av不卡在线播放| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 熟妇人妻不卡中文字幕| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 午夜激情欧美在线| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 色综合站精品国产| 国产精品久久久久久久久免| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 九九久久精品国产亚洲av麻豆| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区国产| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 97在线视频观看| videos熟女内射| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 日韩av在线大香蕉| 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| av一本久久久久| 老师上课跳d突然被开到最大视频| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 毛片女人毛片| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 九色成人免费人妻av| 国产久久久一区二区三区| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产探花极品一区二区| 亚洲18禁久久av| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 欧美bdsm另类| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 欧美区成人在线视频| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 国产午夜精品论理片| 777米奇影视久久| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| www.色视频.com| 国产一级毛片在线| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 99热这里只有是精品在线观看| 大话2 男鬼变身卡| 色播亚洲综合网| 国产成人一区二区在线| 超碰av人人做人人爽久久| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 看非洲黑人一级黄片| 久久人人爽人人片av| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 国产成人aa在线观看| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av|