胡瓊英,艾承錦,張 爽,熊大遷,江澤友,張朝明
(成都中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院檢驗科 610072)
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·論著·
CRP在慢性阻塞性肺疾病診斷中的應用
胡瓊英,艾承錦,張爽,熊大遷,江澤友,張朝明△
(成都中醫(yī)藥大學附屬醫(yī)院檢驗科610072)
目的探討C-反應蛋白(CRP)對慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的診斷價值,為COPD的診斷發(fā)掘新的標志物。方法收集COPD患者199例、肺惡性腫瘤患者159例,以及同期健康體檢者115例,檢測并比較3組的全血CRP水平,繪制CRP診斷COPD的受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線),計算靈敏度、特異度和約登指數(shù),尋找診斷界值Cut-off值。結果與健康體檢者比較,CRP在COPD患者及肺惡性腫瘤患者中均顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);ROC曲線下面積為0.768,最大約登指數(shù)為0.418,靈敏度和特異度分別為64.7%和77.1%,對應的Cut-off值為49.75 mg/L。結論CRP對COPD具有一定的診斷價值,可作為COPD診斷的新指標。
C-反應蛋白;慢性阻塞性肺疾??;靈敏度;特異度
C-反應蛋白(CRP)是機體受到感染或組織損傷時,由肝臟合成、釋放入血的急性時相蛋白,可激活補體和加強吞噬細胞功能,從而清除入侵機體的病原微生物和損傷、壞死、凋亡的組織細胞,在機體的天然免疫過程中發(fā)揮著重要的保護作用[1]。據報道,CRP可以作為多種疾病診斷、鑒別診斷及預后判斷的標志物,如胃癌[2]、前列腺癌[3]、高血壓[4]、心力衰竭[5]、腹腔感染[6]、急性呼吸道感染[7]及類風濕關節(jié)炎等[8]。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)指終末細支氣管遠端部分(包括呼吸性細支氣管、肺泡管、肺泡囊和肺泡)膨脹,并伴有氣腔壁的損傷的一類疾病[9]。COPD是發(fā)病率和病死率最高的疾病之一,且隨著大氣污染和吸煙人數(shù)的增加,其發(fā)病率呈逐年上升的趨勢[10]。目前COPD的臨床診斷主要依靠典型癥狀和體征,結合胸部X線片檢查,但對于臨床表現(xiàn)不典型者,其診斷和鑒別診斷困難[11-12]。實驗室檢查主要以炎性反應的指標為主,但缺乏有診斷價值的評價。因此對CRP的早期診斷和鑒別診斷對COPD的診治和預后有重要的臨床指導意義。本研究對COPD患者、肺惡性腫瘤患者,以及健康體檢者CRP水平進行檢測,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)CRP對COPD的診斷價值?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1一般資料選擇2015年11~12月本院收治的COPD患者199例,肺惡性腫瘤患者159例,以及同期健康體檢者115例。COPD患者平均年齡(70.0±11.7)歲,肺惡性腫瘤患者平均年齡(62.8±10.2)歲,健康對照者平均年齡(52.7±9.8)歲。肺惡性腫瘤患者確診標準為病理活檢,其余疾病確診以最新臨床指南為準。
1.2方法抽取所有研究對象空腹靜脈血2 mL,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝,檢測其全血CRP值。CRP測定使用深圳國賽公司Omlipo全自動特定蛋白儀。該儀器參加原衛(wèi)生部臨檢中心及四川省臨檢中心的室間質量評價,合格率均為100%,能確保檢測的可比性、一致性、重復性及準確性。
2.1各組CRP水平比較COPD組、肺惡性腫瘤組、健康對照組CRP水平分別為(52.7±4.6)、(49.6±3.9)、(2.3±0.5)mg/L。COPD組及肺惡性腫瘤組CRP水平高于健康對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);COPD組CRP水平高于肺惡性腫瘤組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.2CRP對COPD的診斷價值進一步擬合CRP診斷COPD的ROC曲線,得到曲線下面積(AUC)為0.768,通過ROC曲線原始數(shù)據結點分析計算,得到靈敏度為64.7%,特異度為77.1%,陽性似然比為2.83,陰性似然比為0.30,陽性預測值為67.19%,陰性預測值為75.09%,準確度為71.88%,約登指數(shù)為0.418,通過計算其對應的Cut-off值為49.75 mg/L。見圖1。
圖1 CRP診斷COPD的ROC曲線
近年來越來越多的研究顯示,CRP在醫(yī)學其他領域的作用和新應用。Kleniewska等[13]比較了職業(yè)性哮喘和COPD患者的血清和誘導痰中的生物標記物,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)痰中的生物標志物,如白細胞介素-1β、基質金屬蛋白酶-9和CRP,比其在血清中的水平高,且CRP在COPD患者誘導痰中的水平比IL-1β和基質金屬蛋白酶-9更高。Patel等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)COPD患者唾液中的CRP和降鈣素原水平高于健康對照組。CRP有望成為COPD評估和預后的標志物[15]。本研究結果顯示,CRP水平在COPD組和肺惡性腫瘤組都顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);進一步對這種差異進行診斷價值指標的計算,如靈敏度、特異度、陽性似然比、陰性似然比等。
ROC曲線上各個點代表相應臨界值的靈敏度和特異度,所以ROC曲線綜合反映了診斷性試驗的特性,即診斷性試驗對目標疾病的診斷價值,也可以根據診斷性試驗的使用目的,來確定Cut-off值[16-18]。靈敏度和特異度取值范圍在ROC曲線上是連續(xù)分布的,如何取值取決于標志物的用途,如果用作篩選的方法,本著多發(fā)現(xiàn)患者的原則,可考慮犧牲特異度來獲取較高的靈敏度;但如果是用作診斷和鑒別診斷疾病的方法,可偏重考慮特異度??傮w而言,應綜合具體疾病的危害和臨床需求等因素考慮平衡靈敏度和特異度的界點[19]。本研究的目的是為了探尋診斷的標志物,所以希望盡可能少假陽性,需要考慮更高的特異度,故通過對ROC曲線原始數(shù)據進行分析,計算約登指數(shù),取約登指數(shù)最大的點(0.418)作為最佳診斷界點,此時靈敏度為64.7%,特異度為77.1%,陽性似然比為2.83,陰性似然比為0.30,對應的Cut-off值為49.75 mg/L。
CRP作為快速、簡單、花費小的檢驗項目,有可能成為COPD的診斷和預后評估的標志物。但考慮其AUC為0.768,作為診斷標志物,該診斷效能并不十分理想,接下來的研究還需擴大樣本量,對目標疾病進行分期、分型,以期得出更高的診斷價值和其對應的Cut-off值;此外,還可以多指標聯(lián)合診斷,例如和紅細胞分布寬度聯(lián)合診斷COPD,其診斷價值可能比單一標志物更為理想。
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Application of C-reactive protein in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease*
HUQiongying,AIChengjin,ZHANGShuang,XIONGDaqian,JIANGZeyou,ZHANGChaoming△
(DepartmentofClinicalLaboratory,AffiliatedHospital,ChengduUniversityofChineseMedicine,Chengdu,Sichuan610072,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of C-reactive protein(CRP) for diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) to dig a new marker for COPD diagnosis.MethodsA total of 199 cases of COPD,159 cases of pulmonary malignant tumor and 115 individuals undergoing the physical examination were collected.The whole blood CRP level was detected in 3 groups and the detection results were compared among 3 groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was drawn.Then the sensitivity,specificity and Youden′s index(YI) were calculated to find the cut-off value of diagnosis.ResultsCompared with the individuals undergoing healthy physical examination,the CRP level in the COPD patients and the patients with pulmonary malignant tumor was significantly increased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the area under ROC curve(AUC) was 0.768,the maximal YI was 0.418,the sensitivity and specificity were 64.7% and 77.1% respectively,the corresponding cut-off value was 49.75 mg/L.ConclusionCRP has a certain diagnostic value and can serve as a new index of COPD diagnosis.
C-reactive protein;chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;sensitivity;specificity
2015年成都中醫(yī)藥大學科技發(fā)展基金資助項目[030029045]。
胡瓊英,女,主管技師,主要從事臨床檢驗分子診斷研究?!?/p>
,E-mail:18981885705@163.com。
10.3969/j.issn.1673-4130.2016.17.006
A
1673-4130(2016)17-2374-03
2016-05-24
2016-07-01)