謝 震陳源漢王有為萬慧穎劉楊英周 敏
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·論著·
終末期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物與狼瘡性腎炎的相關(guān)性
謝 震1陳源漢2王有為1萬慧穎1劉楊英1周 敏1
目的: 明確終末期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物(AOPP)與狼瘡性腎炎(LN)的相關(guān)性。方法: 檢測(cè)56 例LD患者和36例LD合并LN患者血清中AOPP水平并分析AOPP水平與LN之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:LD+LN患者中AOPP為(105.6±28.5)μmol/L高于LD患者的(64.6±20.4)μmol/L。LD+LN患者高AOPP者(>84.5 μmol/L)者較低AOPP者ds-DNA和尿蛋白水平更高,eGFR和補(bǔ)體C3水平更低。多變量二分類Logistic回歸模型中,AOPP水平升高是發(fā)生LN的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,AOPP每增加10 μmol/ L,發(fā)生LN的危險(xiǎn)增加24%(95%可信區(qū)間1.166~1.915)。結(jié)論: AOPP可能和LN發(fā)病有關(guān),有可能作為早期預(yù)測(cè)LN的指標(biāo)。
終末期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物; 狼瘡性皮炎; 狼瘡性腎炎
系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡(SLE)致病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,可造成多器官系統(tǒng)損傷,皮膚和腎臟最容易受累及。常見的狼瘡性皮炎包括蝶形紅斑、指(趾)腹紅斑、盤狀紅斑、凍瘡樣損害等[1]。由于治療方案和預(yù)后差別很大,區(qū)分單純性狼瘡性皮炎(lupus dermatitis,LD)和狼瘡性腎炎(lupus nephritis,LN)具有重要臨床意義。
近年來,終末期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物(advanced oxidationprotein products,AOPP)被廣泛用作某些自身免疫性皮膚病和腎臟疾病的標(biāo)志物[2-5]。部分SLE患者的AOPP水平升高[6,7],AOPP能否作為狼瘡性腎炎的標(biāo)志物?本實(shí)驗(yàn)在以狼瘡性皮炎為首發(fā)表現(xiàn)的人群中進(jìn)行了病例-對(duì)照研究。
1.1研究對(duì)象 入選以LD為首發(fā)表現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者,這些對(duì)象均隨訪6個(gè)月以上。根據(jù)是否同時(shí)合并腎炎分為狼瘡性皮炎(LD)組和狼瘡性皮炎合并腎炎(LD+LN)組,在隨訪期內(nèi)發(fā)生腎損傷的初診LD者納入LD+LN組。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括:①累及腎外其它器官;②研究前4周有感染的臨床表現(xiàn)或檢驗(yàn)依據(jù);③糖尿病人群。共納入92例研究對(duì)象,年齡(32±12)歲,其中LD組56例,LD+LN組36例。30例LN患者進(jìn)行了經(jīng)皮腎穿刺活檢,根據(jù)WHO分型方法,IV型21例,III型6例,V型2例,IV+V型1例。
標(biāo)本使用符合赫爾辛基宣言和醫(yī)學(xué)倫理,并征得了研究對(duì)象的知情同意。
1.2臨床指標(biāo) 按照美國(guó)風(fēng)濕病學(xué)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判斷SLE分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的臨床表現(xiàn)和血液學(xué)指標(biāo)[8]。根據(jù)本單位實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo),定義補(bǔ)體C3<0.8 g/L為低補(bǔ)體血癥。根據(jù)EPI公式估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)反映腎功能[9]。
1.3血清AOPP檢測(cè) 收集患者血清用于AOPP檢測(cè)。簡(jiǎn)要步驟為:將200 μL血樣或氯胺-T(Sigma,用于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線)加入96孔板(Corning Costar,New York,NY),血清混合20 μL乙酸,氯胺-T混合30 μL碘化鉀:乙酸反應(yīng)液(1∶2體積比),立刻檢測(cè)340 nm吸光度值(ThermoMultiskan MK3,F(xiàn)inland)。設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔,加樣后3 min內(nèi)能完成檢測(cè)[10]。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 SPSS 13.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。兩組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),兩變量的相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析。用多變量Logistic回歸模型分析合并腎炎的危險(xiǎn)因素,用優(yōu)勢(shì)比(OR值)及其95%可信區(qū)間評(píng)價(jià)危險(xiǎn)因素和危險(xiǎn)性之間的相關(guān)性強(qiáng)度。定義雙側(cè)P<0.05為差別具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組間的一般情況 兩組間年齡、性別、臨床癥狀與體征(包括關(guān)節(jié)炎、口腔潰瘍及漿膜腔積液)沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差別。與LD組相比,LD+LN患者dsDNA和血清AOPP水平更高,補(bǔ)體C3水平無顯著性差異(表1)。
2.2LD+LN患者高AOPP亞組和低AOPP亞組各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較 根據(jù)AOPP中位數(shù)84.5 μmol/L將LD+ LN患者分為高AOPP亞組和低AOPP亞組。兩亞組間比較,高AOPP亞組dsDNA和蛋白尿水平更高,eGFR和補(bǔ)體C3水平更低(表2)。血清AOPP和蛋白尿水平具有相關(guān)性(r=0.336,P=0.008)(圖1),與eGFR負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.412,P<0.001)(圖2)。
表1 LD組與LD+LN組一般情況及血清檢測(cè)指標(biāo)比較
表2 LD+LN患者不同AOPP亞組間一般情況及血清檢測(cè)比較
圖1 LD+LN組患者血清AOPP和蛋白尿水平的相關(guān)性
圖2 LD+LN組患者血清AOPP和dsDNA水平的相關(guān)性
2.3AOPP和狼瘡性腎炎發(fā)生的相關(guān)性 將抗dsDNA水平(10 IU/mL為增加單位)、補(bǔ)體C3(100 mg/L為下降單位)和AOPP(10 μmol/L為增加單位)納入多變量二分類Logistic回歸模型進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示對(duì)于以LD為首發(fā)表現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡患者,AOPP每增加10 μmol/L,發(fā)生LN的危險(xiǎn)增加24%(95%可信區(qū)間1.166~1.915,P=0.001);抗dsDNA水平升高以及補(bǔ)體C3下降都不是LN發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
中性粒細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的氧化應(yīng)激是狼瘡性腎炎發(fā)生的重要機(jī)制[11]。AOPP是中性粒細(xì)胞內(nèi)髓過氧化物酶產(chǎn)生的氧化應(yīng)激產(chǎn)物[12],是慢性腎臟病發(fā)生和進(jìn)展的重要損傷分子[13-15]。AOPP的主要成分為具有雙酪氨酸結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化白蛋白。利用雙酪氨酸結(jié)構(gòu)在340 nm具有特殊吸光度的特點(diǎn),Witko等于1996年開發(fā)了用分光光度法檢測(cè)血漿AOPP的方法[16]。由于其簡(jiǎn)便經(jīng)濟(jì),近年得到了廣泛使用,被作為一種反映炎癥相關(guān)氧化應(yīng)激的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物[16]。近年發(fā)現(xiàn),血漿中纖維蛋白原成分不具有AOPP的生物學(xué)特性,用血清作為檢測(cè)樣本能更好地應(yīng)用于臨床[10]。
利用以LD為首發(fā)表現(xiàn)的SLE患者血清,本文實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到LD+LN患者AOPP水平較LD組更高;AOPP和反映LN病情的蛋白尿、eGFR、補(bǔ)體C3及抗dsDNA抗體具有相關(guān)性;在92例對(duì)象中,AOPP水平升高是合并LN的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。這些初步結(jié)果說明AOPP可能和LN發(fā)生有關(guān),可能具有早期預(yù)測(cè)LN的作用。
AOPP可能受多種因素干擾。糖尿病和潛在的感染可能導(dǎo)致AOPP水平的升高[17],因此我們?nèi)脒x病例時(shí)排除了這部分對(duì)象。本文入選的對(duì)象為以LD為首發(fā)的SLE患者,區(qū)分是否合并LN的依據(jù)是6個(gè)月的隨訪數(shù)據(jù),不排除LD組含有部分遲發(fā)LN患者。另外,本研究的樣本數(shù)較小,無法進(jìn)一步對(duì)皮損類型和LN類型進(jìn)行亞組分析。因此,本研究的結(jié)果還有待更大樣本和更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的研究來進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
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(收稿:2015-12-22 修回:2016-03-12)
Relationship between advanced oxidation protein products and lupus nephritis
XIE Zhen1,CHEN Yuanhan2,WANG Youwei1,WAN Huiying1,LIU Yangying1,ZHOU Min1.
1.Department of Dermatology,Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,Chengdu 610000,China;2.Department of Nephrology,Guangdong General Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,Guangzhou 510080,China
Corresponding author:CHEN Yuanhan,E-mail:johnchen76@126.com
Objective:To determine the relationship between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)and lupus nephritis(LN).Methods:The level of AOPP in 36 patients with lupus dermatitis(LD)complicated with LN and 56 LD patients without LN were detected and the relationship between AOPP and LN was analyzed.Results:The level of AOPP in LD accompanied with LN patients was(105.6±28.5)μmol/L,which was higher than that in the patients with LD but without LN(64.6±20.4 μmol/L).The level of ds-DNA and urine protein in the patients with high level AOPP(>84.5 μmol/L)was higher than those in the patients with low level of AOPP,and the level of eGFR and complement C3 was lower than those in the patients with low level of AOPP.In multivariable logistic regression model,AOPP level was an independent risk factor for lupus nephritis and the renal risk would increase by 24%,as every 10 μmol/L of AOPP was increased(95%CI 1.166-1.915).Conclusion:AOPP is associated with the onset of LN and may be a potential biomarker for LN.
advanced oxidation protein products;lupus nephritis;lupus dermatitis
陳源漢,E-mail:johnchen76@126.com
1四川省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院四川省人民醫(yī)院皮膚病性病研究所,四川成都,610000
2廣東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院廣東省人民醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,廣東廣州,510080