衛(wèi)強(qiáng),徐飛
(安徽新華學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,安徽 合肥,230088)
?
梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油成分及其抑制豆腐致腐細(xì)菌作用研究
衛(wèi)強(qiáng),徐飛
(安徽新華學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院,安徽 合肥,230088)
摘要研究了梔子葉、莖中揮發(fā)油的化學(xué)成分及其對(duì)豆腐的抑菌作用。采用超臨界二氧化碳和環(huán)己烷、乙醚分別萃取揮發(fā)油,以氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GC-MS)法鑒定其化學(xué)成分,共鑒定153個(gè)化合物,梔子葉中揮發(fā)油中主要有1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8α -八氫化-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)薁、甲苯、[1S-(1α,4α,7α)]-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氫化-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)薁、4,8,12,15,15-五甲基雙環(huán)[9.3.1]十五烷-3,7-二烯-12-醇、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、2-乙基-1,3-二氧戊烷;梔子莖中揮發(fā)油主要有4,8,12,15,15-五甲基雙環(huán)[9.3.1]十五烷-3,7-二烯-12-醇、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8α -八氫化-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基) 薁、龍腦、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷。梔子葉(乙醚)揮發(fā)油對(duì)豆腐中菌群有較強(qiáng)抑制力,可使豆腐保鮮期延長(zhǎng)6天。
關(guān)鍵詞梔子葉、莖;揮發(fā)油;化學(xué)成分;豆腐;抑菌活性
豆腐是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的大豆食品,營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,富含蛋白質(zhì)、不飽和脂肪酸、卵磷脂、腦磷脂等營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。食用豆腐具有降低膽固醇、降血壓、降血糖、減少動(dòng)脈硬化、預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松、保護(hù)心血管系統(tǒng)等保健功能[1-2]。但是,大豆制品營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分極易引起微生物生長(zhǎng)繁殖,引起腐敗。豆腐腐敗主要是由細(xì)菌引起的,在加工過(guò)程中易受到各種細(xì)菌的污染,如堅(jiān)強(qiáng)芽孢桿菌、屎腸球菌[3]、枯草芽孢桿菌和凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌[4]、團(tuán)腸桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌、巨大芽孢桿菌和溶酪葡萄球菌[2]等大量增殖,在腐敗菌中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位[5]。
梔子(GardeniajasminoidesEllis)來(lái)源于茜草科(Rubiaceae)梔子屬植物,分布于我國(guó)大部分地區(qū),其果實(shí)始載于《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》,列為中品[6],具有瀉火除煩,清熱利濕,涼血解毒的功能,外用消腫止痛?,F(xiàn)代研究表明,梔子具有保肝[7-8]、抗抑郁[9]、降血糖[10]、抗氧化[11]等多種生物活性。梔子葉在我國(guó)四川、廣西等地民間廣泛應(yīng)用,有治療跌打損傷、血淤、燙傷等癥[12]。梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油鮮有報(bào)道,本文對(duì)其揮發(fā)油成分及抑制豆腐致腐細(xì)菌進(jìn)行研究,以期尋找天然防腐有效成分。
1材料與方法
1.1材料與試劑
梔子葉、莖于2014年5月采自安徽合肥大蜀山地區(qū)。市售普通新鮮南豆腐,大小齊整,每塊約100 g。堅(jiān)強(qiáng)芽孢桿菌(Bacillusfirmus)、屎腸球菌(Enterococcusfaecium)、凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌(Bacilluscoagulans)、成團(tuán)腸桿菌(Enterococcusagglomerans)、短小芽孢桿菌(Bacilluspumilus)、巨大芽孢桿菌(Bacillusmegaterium)、溶酪葡萄球菌(Staphylococcaceaecaseolyticus)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillussubtilis)購(gòu)于中國(guó)菌種保藏中心。所用試劑為分析純。
1.2儀器與設(shè)備
HA221-50-01型超臨界萃取設(shè)備,江蘇南通華安超臨界有限公司;Agilent 6890-5973N氣相色譜儀,美國(guó)安捷倫公司。
1.3方法
1.3.1揮發(fā)油的提取
精密稱(chēng)取干燥粉碎后的梔子葉、莖各220 g裝入料筒,放入超臨界二氧化碳萃取釜內(nèi),設(shè)置萃取壓力40 MPa,萃取溫度25 ℃,萃取流量20 L/h,萃取2 h后,打開(kāi)分離釜排料閥,收集萃取物。萃取物經(jīng)減壓蒸餾后分別以環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取,氮?dú)獯等ト軇?,得到揮發(fā)油。葉、莖環(huán)己烷層揮發(fā)油幾近無(wú)色,葉、莖乙醚層揮發(fā)油呈淡黃色,3次萃取,以油重/樣品重得梔子葉環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油得率為0.79%、0.98%,莖環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油得率為0.33%、0.51%。
1.3.2色譜條件
色譜柱:HP-5 MS石英毛細(xì)管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm);升溫程序:程序升溫,柱起始溫度為40 ℃,保持1 min后以5 ℃/min升至150 ℃,保持2 min,再以 10 ℃/min升至280 ℃,保持7 min,再以5 ℃/min升至300 ℃,保持至完成分析;載氣:高純He;進(jìn)樣量1 μL;不分流。
1.3.3質(zhì)譜條件
電子轟擊離子源;電子轟擊能量60 eV;掃描范圍m/z25-550;離子源溫度220 ℃;接口溫度280 ℃;全離子掃描。通過(guò)面積歸一化法測(cè)定鑒定的化合物的相對(duì)含量,檢索為NIST2011數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
1.3.4抑菌實(shí)驗(yàn)
以苯甲酸鈉為對(duì)照,以蒸餾水溶解。制備苯甲酸鈉、梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油肉膏平板培養(yǎng)基,質(zhì)量濃度(ρ)依次為3.000、1.500、0.750、0.375、0.188、0.094、0.047 mg/mL。在以上培養(yǎng)基上分別接種堅(jiān)強(qiáng)芽孢桿菌、屎腸球菌、凝結(jié)芽孢桿菌、成團(tuán)腸桿菌、短小芽孢桿菌、巨大芽孢桿菌、溶酪葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢桿菌,移入培養(yǎng)箱中37 ℃培養(yǎng)48 h,根據(jù)苯甲酸鈉、梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油的最小抑菌濃度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)選擇最優(yōu)抑菌揮發(fā)油。
將梔子葉揮發(fā)油(乙醚)以噴瓶噴入新鮮豆腐(約100 g),噴入量分別為豆腐質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(ω)的0.05%、0.1%、0.15%;以苯甲酸鈉為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照組噴入質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(ω)為0.1%。放入保鮮袋內(nèi),置于4 ℃冰箱中。采用平板菌落計(jì)數(shù)法(參照GB4789.2—2010《食品微生物學(xué)檢驗(yàn)菌落總數(shù)測(cè)定》),分別按照一定的稀釋梯度稀釋?zhuān)A藏于冰箱冷藏一定時(shí)間(0,3,6,9,12,15 d),計(jì)算菌落總數(shù):
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油化學(xué)成分
結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖1、表1和表2所示。由表1,表2可知,從梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油中共鑒定出153種化學(xué)成分,主要有烴類(lèi)、酯類(lèi)、苯類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)、醛類(lèi)、酮類(lèi)、酸類(lèi)、醚類(lèi)、雜環(huán)類(lèi)等。其中從梔子葉環(huán)己烷萃取揮發(fā)油以烴類(lèi)成分為主,梔子葉乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油和莖環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油均以烴類(lèi)和醇類(lèi)成分為主。4,8,12,15,15-五甲基雙環(huán)[9.3.1]十五烷-3,7-二烯-12-醇為梔子葉乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油和莖環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油的主要成分。
圖1 梔子葉(AB)、莖(CD)中揮發(fā)油總離子流Fig.1 Total ion chromatogram of volatile oil of leaf and stem from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis
2.2抑菌實(shí)驗(yàn)
由表3可知,4個(gè)萃取物中,梔子葉(乙醚)揮發(fā)油對(duì)豆腐中腐生菌堅(jiān)強(qiáng)芽孢桿菌等8種菌有較強(qiáng)抑制力,其MIC值范圍為0.047~0.188 mg/mL;梔子葉(環(huán)己烷)揮發(fā)油、梔子莖(環(huán)己烷)揮發(fā)油和莖(乙醚)揮發(fā)油抑制力較弱,其MIC值范圍為0.094~3.000 mg/mL。由表4可知,與空白組對(duì)照,在4 ℃冰箱中放置3~15 d,隨著梔子葉(乙醚)揮發(fā)油添加濃度的提高,對(duì)豆腐抑菌作用明顯增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)GB2711—2003[13]要求,散裝豆腐菌落總數(shù)(CFU/ mL)≤1×105,由表4可知,豆腐自然放置超過(guò)3 d,菌落數(shù)超標(biāo);而使用梔子葉(乙醚)揮發(fā)油進(jìn)行抑菌處理后,可放置9 d,菌落數(shù)在正常范圍內(nèi)。
續(xù)表1
序號(hào)保留時(shí)間/min分子式化合物相對(duì)含量/%葉(環(huán))葉(醚)莖(環(huán))莖(醚)3525.770C15H241,2,3,4,5,6,7,8α-八氫化-1,4-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)薁 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8α-Octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-azulene6.960.725.894.823625.905C15H24O白菖油萜環(huán)氧化物 Calareneepoxide1.890.780.900.773725.976C15H24Oα-環(huán)氧柏木烷 α-Cedreneepoxide0.423826.560C15H24cis-α-甜沒(méi)藥烯 cis-α-Bisabolene0.803926.690C15H24α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene4027.410C15H24O氧化雙環(huán)外雪松烯 Diepicedrene-1-oxide0.540.330.280.444127.621C15H24O環(huán)氧異香樹(shù)烯 Isoaromadendreneepoxide0.330.244227.751C15H24O喇叭烯氧化物-(II) Ledeneoxide-(II)0.480.410.264327.843C16H34十六烷 Hexadecane0.680.574429.689C17H362,6,10-三甲基十四烷 2,6,10-Trimethyl-tetradecane0.420.810.564532.465C21H442,6,10,15-四甲基十七烷 2,6,10,15-Tetramethyl-heptadecane0.664632.931C20H32西松烯 [S-(E,Z,E,E)]-3,7,11-Trimethyl-14-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,6,10-cy-clotetradecatetraene3.624733.883C26H543-乙基-5-(2-乙基丁基)-十八烷 3-Ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)-octadecane0.324834.214C20H325α,8α,9α,10α,12α-Atis-16-ene0.184934.625C18H37Cl氯代十八烷 1-Chloro-octadecane1.715035.291C16H33NO十六碳酰胺 Hexadecanamide1.651.685135.458C26H543-乙基-5-(2-乙基丁基)-十八烷 3-Ethyl-5-(2-ethylbutyl)-octadecane0.720.725237.115C18H37NO十八酰胺 Octadecanamide0.330.625336.341C21H44二十一烷 Heneicosane1.650.971.655437.185C24H50二十四烷 Tetracosane2.010.365538.008C25H52二十五烷 Pentacosane1.935638.219C31H64三十一烷 Hentriacontane0.805738.825C28H58二十八烷 Octacosane1.983.360.422.375840.898C27H56二十七烷 Heptacosane0.661.040.190.665941.082C30H50反式角鯊烯 (all-E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetra-cosahexaene0.14酯類(lèi)605.326C9H16O2乙酸(6-庚烯-1-基)酯 6-Heptenylacetate616.398C6H12O2醋酸正丁酯 Aceticacid,butylester0.19628.801C10H20O4二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-ethanol,acetate0.05639.218C7H14O22-甲基戊酸甲酯 2-Methyl-pentanoicacid,methylester0.986411.513C8H16O33-羥基-4-甲基-戊酸乙酯 3-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentanoicacid,ethylester0.180.126512.087C12H20O21-甲基-4-(1-異丙烯基)環(huán)己醇乙酯 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohex-anolacetate0.126617.142C8H8O3水楊酸甲酯 Methylsalicylate0.540.856717.754C15H26O2異戊酸香葉酯 Geranylisovalerate0.056819.610C12H24O43-(1-乙氧乙氧基)-2-乙基-丁酸乙酯 3-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxy)-2-ethyl-butyricacid,ethylester0.236919.968C26H50O22-辛基-環(huán)己烷十四烷酸甲酯 2-Octyl-cyclopropanetetradecanoicacid,methylester0.247023.881C16H26O23,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-十二烷-3-基甲酸酯 Formicacid,3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ylester0.277124.038C17H28O2醋酸橙花椒酯 Nerolidylacetate7224.260C15H24O2新戊酸-6-烯酯 Limonen-6-ol,pivalate0.427327.058C17H32O27-甲基-Z-十四烯-1-醇乙酯 7-Methyl-Z-tetradecen-1-olacetate0.390.597429.873C16H28O3Z-(13,14-環(huán)氧)十四烷基-11-烯-1-醇乙酯 Z-(13,14-Epoxy)tetradec-11-en-1-olacetate0.297531.854C16H22O4鄰苯二甲酸二異丁酯 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid,bis(2-methylpropyl)es-ter1.057631.929C26H42O4丁基鄰苯二甲酸十四酯 Phthalicacid,butyltetradecylester7731.935C22H34O4鄰苯二甲酸丁酯8-甲基壬酯 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid,butyl8-methyl-nonylester0.410.98
續(xù)表1
序號(hào)保留時(shí)間/min分子式化合物相對(duì)含量/%葉(環(huán))葉(醚)莖(環(huán))莖(醚)7832.260C19H32O32-羥基-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯 Methyl2-hydroxy-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate0.607932.687C17H34O2十六酸甲酯 Hexadecanoicacid,methylester0.630.478034.316C21H36O4亞麻酸甘油酯 (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoicacid,2,3-dihydroxypropylester0.871.168135.399C33H54O33,5-二氫-6-甲氧基-膽甾-22-烯-21-新戊酸酯 3,5-Dehydro-6-methoxy-cho-lest-22-ene-21-ol,pivalate1.088238.273C24H38O4鄰苯二甲酸二異辛酯 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid,diisooctylester1.650.920.40苯類(lèi)835.537C7H8甲苯 Toluene6.721.930.23847.475C8H10乙苯 Ethylbenzene1.050.750.30857.708C8H10間二甲苯 1,3-Dimethyl-benzene867.946C8H10鄰二甲苯 o-Xylene0.660.610.11878.341C8H10對(duì)二甲苯 p-Xylene0.198811.210C9H121,2,3-三甲苯 1,2,3-Trimethyl-benzene8911.215C9H121-乙基-3-甲基苯 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-benzene0.069012.433C9H102,3-二氫茚 Indane9121.548C10H12O2丁香酚 Eugenol2.550.360.360.189224.352C15H26O1,2,3,4,4α,7,8,8α-八氫-1,6-二甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-1-萘酚 1,2,3,4,4α,7,8,8α-Octahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1-naphthalenol0.29醇類(lèi)934.163C6H14O21-丙氧基-2-丙醇 1-Propoxy-2-propanol0.08944.866C7H16O2,2-二甲基-1-戊醇 2,2-Dimethyl-1-pentanol0.29957.313C6H12O(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇 (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol2.220.31967.681C6H14O正己醇 1-Hexanol0.340.93977.881C6H14O21-(1-甲基乙氧基)異丙醇 1-(1-Methylethoxy)-2-propanol0.089811.242C6H12O56-脫氧-D-半乳糖 6-Deoxy-D-galactose0.719911.854C6H14O23-甲基-2,4-戊二醇 3-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol0.4810012.260C8H16O4α-(1-乙氧乙氧基)環(huán)氧乙醇 α-(1-Ethoxyethoxy)-oxiraneethanol0.2910112.531C9H20O23-(1-甲基丁氧基)-2-丁醇 3-(1-Methylbutoxy)-2-butanol0.4710212.568C13H18O5甲基2-O-芐基-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷 Methyl2-O-benzyl-D-arabinofuranoside0.5010312.861C8H18O2,4-二甲基-3-己醇 2,4-Dimethyl-3-hexanol0.0510413.505C10H18O2α-甲基-α-[4-甲基-3-戊烯基]環(huán)氧基甲醇 α-Methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl]oxiranemethanol0.070.0910513.862C10H18O2cis-α,α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氫化呋喃-2-甲醇 cis-5-Ethenyltetrahydro-α,α,5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol0.0910614.003C9H20O23-(2,2-二甲基-丙氧基)-2-丁醇 3-(2,2-Dimethylpropoxy)-2-butanol0.3910714.349C10H18O3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇 3,7-Dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol2.430.740.4110814.669C8H10O苯乙醇 Phenylethylalcohol0.181.010.6010914.918C7H16O2,4-二甲基-3-戊醇 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanol0.330.1811015.702C8H15ClO1-氯-3,5-二甲基-1-己烯-4-醇 1-Chloro-3,5-dimethyl-1-hexen-4-ol0.3511117.256C10H18O松油醇 (S)-α,α,4-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol0.870.270.3511218.733C10H18O香葉醇 (E)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol0.210.2411321.916C9H16O4-環(huán)辛烯-1-甲醇 4-Cyclooctene-1-methanol0.270.1511428.135C19H36O2-甲基-E,E-3,13-十八烷二烯-1-醇 2-Methyl-E,E-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol0.2011529.158C15H26O藍(lán)桉醇 Globulol1.500.832.381.7311629.857C15H22O3,5,6,7,8,8α-六氫-4,8α-二甲基-6-(1-羥甲基乙烯基)-(1H)-萘-2-酮 3,5,6,7,8,8α-Hexahydro-4,8α-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2(1H)naphthalenone0.2811729.981C15H24O22-甲基-9-(丙-1-烯-3-醇-2-基)-雙環(huán)[4.4.0]癸-2-烯-4-醇 2-Methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl)-bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol0.4111831.399C20H40O2(Z)-2-(9-十八碳烯基氧基)乙醇 (Z)-2-(9-Octadecenyloxy)-ethanol11932.189C19H34O2E,E,Z-1,3,12-十九碳三烯-5,14-二醇 E,E,Z-1,3,12-Nonadecatriene-5,14-diol0.38
續(xù)表1
注:“環(huán)”為環(huán)己烷萃取,“醚”為乙醚萃取。
表2 梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油化學(xué)成分結(jié)果比較
表3 梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油抗菌實(shí)驗(yàn)的MIC值(n=3) 單位:mg/mL
表4 梔子葉(乙醚)揮發(fā)油處理前后對(duì)豆腐中微生物中菌落數(shù)的影響
3結(jié)論
從梔子葉、莖揮發(fā)油中共鑒定出153種化學(xué)成分,主要有烴類(lèi)、酯類(lèi)、苯類(lèi)、醇類(lèi)、醛類(lèi)、酮類(lèi)、酸類(lèi)、醚類(lèi)、雜環(huán)類(lèi)等。葉環(huán)己烷萃取揮發(fā)油以烴類(lèi)成分為主,達(dá)到36.78%,而葉乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油以烴類(lèi)和醇類(lèi)成分為主,分別達(dá)到34.22%和30.77%。莖環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取的揮發(fā)油也以烴類(lèi)和醇類(lèi)成分為主,分別達(dá)到34.54%、39.56%和46.73%、29.94%。4,8,12,15,15-五甲基雙環(huán)[9.3.1]十五烷-3,7-二烯-12-醇為梔子葉乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油和莖環(huán)己烷、乙醚萃取揮發(fā)油的主要成分。對(duì)以上揮發(fā)油進(jìn)行抑制豆腐致腐細(xì)菌實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,梔子葉(乙醚萃取)揮發(fā)油可明顯延長(zhǎng)豆腐冷藏時(shí)間,使其保鮮時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)6 d。由于氣味芳香,不影響其自然風(fēng)味。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]JAMES W A, BELINDA M S, CARLA S W. Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 70(3): 464-474.
[2]王敏.非發(fā)酵性豆制品(豆腐絲)主要腐敗細(xì)菌的分離鑒定及其防腐研究[D].保定:河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2004.
[3]李博.GDL豆腐中的主要腐敗微生物的研究及HACCP的建立[D].北京:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué), 2001.
[4]鄧勇,騰剛,陳蓮伊.盒裝豆腐腐敗菌的鑒定及其耐熱性的研究[J].中國(guó)食品學(xué)報(bào), 1998(3): 33-38.
[5]THOMAS A, MEEKIN M, Thomas R. Shelf life prediction: status and future possibilities[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 1996, 33(1): 65-83.
[6]崔紅, 張麗云, 李勇.梔子化學(xué)成分和藥理作用的研究進(jìn)展[J].醫(yī)學(xué)信息, 2011 (4): 1 679-1 680.
[7]LIN W H, KUO H H, HO L H, et al.Gardeniajasminoidesextracts and gallic acid inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by suppression of JNK2/1 signaling pathways in BV-2 cells[J]. Iran J Basic Med Sci, 2015, 18(6): 555-562.
[8]CHEN Y H, LAN T, LI J, et al.Gardeniajasminoidesattenuates hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic stellate cells[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2012, 18(48): 7 158-7 165.
[9]ZHANG H L, XUE W D, WU R J, et al. Rapid antidepressant activity of ethanol extract ofGardeniajasminoidesEllis is associated with upregulation of BDNF expression in the Hippocampus[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015: 761238.
[10]CHEN Y I, CHENG Y W, TZENG C Y, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activating hypoglycemic effect ofGardeniajasminoidesEllis aqueous extract and improvement of insulin sensitivity in steroid induced insulin resistant rats[J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014,14(2): 141.
[11]RIAZ U, MONI R S, NUSRAT S, et al. HPLC-analysis of polyphenolic compounds inGardeniajasminoidesand determination of antioxidant activity by using free radical scavenging assays[J]. Adv Pharm Bull, 2014, 4(3): 273-281.
[12]稅丕先,莊元春,孫琴,等.梔子葉的生藥學(xué)研究[J].中藥材,2007,30(5): 536-538.
[13]王紅戟,陳婭,林沛璋.豆腐加工過(guò)程中微生物污染的調(diào)查與對(duì)策[J].中國(guó)衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)雜志,2008,18(6):1 181-1 182.
Chemical constituents of essential oil of the leaf and stem fromGardeniajasminoidesEllis and their antimicrobial activities in the bean curd
WEI Qiang, XU Fei
(Pharmacology College, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei 230088, China)
ABSTRACTThe chemical constituents of essential oils of the leaf and stem from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and their biological activities in the bean curd were studied herein. The volatile oils of leaf and stem were extracted by supercritical CO2, cyclohexane and ethyl ether extraction, then separated and identified by GC-MS. 153 components were identified from the volatile oil, wherein main constituents were 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8α-octahydro-1,4- dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl)-azulene, toluene, [1S-(1α,4α,7α)]- 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4- dimethyl-7- (1- methylethenyl)- azulene, 4, 8, 12, 15, 15-pentamethyl-bicyclo[9.3.1] pentadeca-3,7-dien-12-ol, 1,1-diethoxy- ethane, 2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane (5.46%) from the leaf, and 4, 8, 12, 15, 15- pentamethyl-bicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca- 3,7- dien-12-ol, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8α-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1- methylethenyl)-azulene, borneol, 1,1-diethoxy- ethane from the stem. The volatile oils of leaf (aether) showed apparent antimicrobial activities in the bean curd, which could prolong the storage time.
Key wordsleaf and stem from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; volatile oil; chemical components; bean curd; antimicrobial activities
DOI:10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.201606022
基金項(xiàng)目:安徽省質(zhì)量工程項(xiàng)目(2014zy078)
收稿日期:2015-12-03,改回日期:2016-01-19
第一作者:碩士,副教授。