杜 凡王 娟楊少永(.西南林業(yè)大學林學院,云南昆明6504;.西南林業(yè)大學園林學院,云南昆明6504)
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報春花科一新屬種
—假珍珠菜
杜 凡1王 娟1楊少永2
(1.西南林業(yè)大學林學院,云南昆明650224;2.西南林業(yè)大學園林學院,云南昆明650224)
摘要:描述了云南省臨滄市邦東大雪山發(fā)現(xiàn)的報春花科(Primulaceae)新屬—假珍珠菜屬(Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang)。該屬與珍珠菜屬(Lysimachia)相近,區(qū)別在于前者單花被,無花冠,花絲遠長于花被,基生胎座而不是特立中央胎座,胚珠8枚以下而非多數(shù)。同時定名和描述了該屬的模式種—假珍珠菜(Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang)。該新屬種分布于邦東大雪山山頂海拔3 390~3 420 m范圍的亞高山草甸。
關鍵詞:新屬;假珍珠菜屬;新種;假珍珠菜;邦東大雪山
報春花科(Primulaceae)含22屬,約1 000種。中國有13屬,約510種,主要分布在西南山區(qū)。云南有報春屬(Primula)、珍珠菜屬(Lysimachia)、獨花報春屬(Omphalogramma)和點地梅屬(Androsace)等4屬,約220種。2005年3月,筆者在進行云南瀾滄江自然保護區(qū)科學考察時,在海拔3 400 m的邦東大雪山亞高山草甸采集到1種報春花科植物,初看很象珍珠菜屬的種類,當時植株尚未開花,但保留了上一年殘留的果序。鑒定時發(fā)現(xiàn)與珍珠菜屬特征極不相符[1-3],無法定位到珍珠菜屬中。后經(jīng)2次到原產(chǎn)地進一步詳細采集標本,進行形態(tài)學研究,確定為新屬。因形態(tài)上與珍珠菜屬相像,取名為“假珍珠菜屬”;其分布點為邦東大雪山,未發(fā)現(xiàn)于該區(qū)以外其他區(qū)域,故新種的種加詞采用中文“雪山”的拉丁化形容詞“xueshanensis”。
假珍珠菜屬 新屬
Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,gen.nov.
(Subfam.Cyrtandroideae Endl.Trib.Didymocarpeae Endl.)
Concentrated terminal pachystachyus,flower stalkless,without corolla,calyx connate,lower part cupshaped,glandulosa,sepal 6 - 8,irregular,with one bract,green,longer than sepal,glandulosa.Stamen 7- 9,filament separate,on the basal of the ovary,length more than 2 times of sepal;basifixed anther,longitudinal dehiscence.Ovary sphere,tomentosa.Style stick,persistent;Stigma obtuse;basal placenta,the numbers of ovules are as that of sepals.Capsule sphere,3-5 valvular dehiscence,covered by the persistent calyx tube;Seed 5 - 8,with one rib and a narrow wing.
The new genus Paralysimachia is similar to Lysimachia,however there are the following different characteristics:1)Single perianth,without corrola;2)Flower stalkless,concentrated terminal pachystachyus;3)Filament much longer than that of perianth and elongates out of calyx;4)Basil placenta;5)Ovules less than 8.
Only one species,the genus typus Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang.has been found.
花無柄,排成頂生密集的穗狀花序;無花冠,花萼有腺點,合生成杯狀,萼裂片6~8,稍不等大。苞片明顯長于萼裂片,有腺點。雄蕊7~9,花絲分離,生于子房基部,長度超過花萼的2倍以上;花藥基部著生,縱裂。子房球形,被毛?;ㄖ魻?,宿存;柱頭鈍;基生胎座,胚珠與花萼裂片同數(shù)。蒴果球形,3~5瓣裂,被宿存萼筒包被;種子5~8,具棱,并有狹翅。
本新屬與珍珠菜屬(Lysimachia)相近,但在以下方面顯著不同:1)單花被,而非2倍花;2)無花柄,花組成粗短密集的穗狀花序;3)花絲遠長于花被,并伸出于花萼之外;4)基生胎座而非特立中央胎座;5)胚珠不足8枚而非多數(shù)。
本新屬目前僅知1種,即模式種假珍珠菜Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang.
假珍珠菜 新種 圖1
Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,sp.nov.Fig.1
Perennial,stem brachless,many plants live together into basal shrubs;Stem ribbed 6 - 8,basal diam.10 cm,height 40- 60 cm,glandulosa.Leaves verticillate,nearly verticillate or alternate on the upper part,mostly 6 leaves one whirl,entire,ovate,papery,length 8-12 cm,width 3-4 cm,front long and acuminate,basal narrow cuneate,elongate down into an inconspicuous petiole,leaves of the lower part of the stem petioleless,the leaf petiole of the upper part of the stem 0.5-1.0 cm.Leaves upper epidermal green,lower epidermal grey green,both sides scurfly knotted glandular pubescent,especially near veins,leaves brown pointed glandulular seta.Lateral veins 7-8 pairs,reflected.Terminal pachystachyus,brachless,length 2-10 cm,width 1.5-2.0 cm;peduncle thick,diam.3.5 cm,knotted glandular hairs,concentrated many flowers,flower stalkless,one bract,green,diamond shaped,length 4-6 mm,width 2 mm,back pilose.Calyx shorter than bract,length 3.5-4.0 mm,the 1/3-3/4 lower part connate into a short tube,persistent with a fruit,scarcely pointed glandular hairs or knotted glandular hairs.Calyx white,glandular seta,connate into cup-shaped,calyx tube length 5-6 mm,width 4 mm,sepal 7,rare 6 or 8,irregular,triangle,ciliated,length 0.5-1.5 mm.Each flower with one bract,bract ovate-triangle,length 6-7 mm,width 3 mm,conspicuously longer than sepals,green,glandular pubescent.Stamens 7-9,the same numbers of the sepals and vertillate with sepals.Filment hairless,separate,grow on the basal of the ovary,length more than 2 times of the calyx,about 12 mm;basifixed anther,length 1.5 mm,longitudinal dehiscence.Ovary superior,sphere,diam.1.5 mm,tomentose.Style stick,length 5.5-6.0 mm,pilose,persistent;Stigma head,round,basal placenta,the numbers of the ovules are the same as that of sepals.Capsule sphere,petiolless,diam.4 mm,covered by the persistent calyx tube,6-8 valvular dehiscence.Seed 5-8,one rib,with a narrow wing.Pollen 3 colporate,long spere,warty.Anthesis Aug.-Sept.,fructification Sept.-Oct.
圖1 假珍珠菜Fig.1 Paralysimachia xueshanensis
China.Yunnan(云南):Llincan(臨滄),Bandong(邦東),hill,alt.3390~3420 m,2005-03-27,F(xiàn).Du(杜凡),J.Wang(王娟)0301;The same locality,2005-10-02,F(xiàn).Du(杜凡),J.Wang(王娟);2006-09-09,F(xiàn).Du(杜凡),J.J.Wang(王建軍)(holotype,SWFC).
多年生宿根草本,莖不分枝,但因基部分蘗而成叢狀;莖具6~8條棱,基部直徑粗達10mm,高40~60 cm,被多細胞毛,有腺點。葉輪生、近輪生或至上部互生,多達6葉。葉片全緣,橢圓形,薄紙質,長8~12 cm,寬3~4 cm,先端長漸尖,基部狹楔形,并下延成不明顯的短柄,下部的葉無葉柄,上部的葉柄長0.5~1.0 cm。葉上面綠色,下面灰綠色,兩面疏被糠粃狀有節(jié)腺毛,脈上較密,葉片散布不規(guī)則的深褐色點狀腺點。側脈7~8對,彎曲。穗狀花序頂生,不分枝,長2~10 cm,粗1.5~2.0 cm;花序軸較粗壯,直徑達3.5 mm,密被有節(jié)腺毛,上面著生多數(shù)密集、無花梗的花。苞片1枚,綠色,鉆形,長4~6 mm,寬2 mm,背面疏被毛?;ㄝ嗌远逃诎?,長3.5~4.0 mm,下部1/3~3/4合生成短筒狀,果期宿存,疏被點狀腺點及有節(jié)腺毛;花萼白色,有腺點,合生成杯狀,萼筒長5~6 mm,寬4 mm,萼裂片7,偶6或8,稍不等大,三角形,有緣毛,裂片長0.5~1.5 mm。每花有1個苞片,此苞片卵狀三角形,長6~7 mm,寬3 mm,明顯長于花,綠色,有腺點。雄蕊7~9,與花萼裂片同數(shù)且互生;花絲無毛,分離,生于子房基部,長度超過花萼的2倍以上,達到12 mm;花藥基部著生,長約1.5 mm,縱裂。子房上位,球形,直徑約1.5 mm,被毛?;ㄖL5.5~6.0 mm,疏被毛,宿存;柱頭頭狀。花柱棒狀,長約5 mm,宿存;柱頭鈍;基生胎座,胚珠與花萼裂片幾同數(shù)。蒴果球形,無柄,直徑約4 mm,被宿存萼筒包被,成熟時6~8瓣裂(縱裂);種子5~8,具棱,并具狹翅?;ㄆ?—9月,果期9—10月。假珍珠菜生境、花和種子的照片見圖2。
圖2 假珍珠菜生境、花和種子Fig.2 Habitat,flowers and seeds of Paralysimachia xueshanensis
致謝:感謝中國科學院昆明植物研究所標本館王凌先生幫助繪圖,西南林業(yè)大學電鏡室丁勇先生幫助制作花粉電鏡照片!
[參考文獻]
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[2]陳封懷,胡啟明.中國植物志:Vol.59[M].北京:科學出版社,1989.
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(責任編輯張坤)
第1作者:杜凡(1957—),男,教授,博士生導師。研究方向:植物分類及植物多樣性保護。Email:kmdufan@163.com。
Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang,a new genus of Primulaceae from Yunnan
Du Fan1,Wang Juan1,Yang Shaoyong2
(1.College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China;2.College of Landscape Architecture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224,China)
Abstract:A new genus of Paralysimachia F.Du,J.Wang et S.S.Yang of Primulaceae has been identified in Bangdong Snow Mountain,Lincang city,Yunnan.It is similar to Lysimachia,but with a single perianth,without corolla,filament much longer than that of perianth,basal placentation instead of free-central placentation,ovules less than 8.The typus of the new genus has been identified and illustrated as Paralysimachia xueshanensis F.Du,J.Wang et S.Y.Yang,and it is distributing in the alt.of 3 390-3 420 m in the sub-alpinal steppes at the top of Bangdong Snow Mountain.
Key words:new genus,Paralysimachia,new species,Paralysimachia xueshanensis,Bangdong Snow Mountain
通信作者:楊少永(1964—),女,碩士,講師。研究方向:園林植物。Email:lamb@swfc.edu.cn。
基金項目:云南省林業(yè)廳資助:云南省瀾滄江自然保護區(qū)綜合科學考察。
收稿日期:2015-12-25
doi:10.11929/ j.issn.2095-1914.2016.03.016
中圖分類號:Q949.773.2
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:2095-1914(2016)03-0091-04