新能源汽車(chē)

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新能源汽車(chē)

·編者按·

2015年5月8日，國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)《中國(guó)制造2025》的通知，提到了“繼續(xù)支持電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、燃料電池汽車(chē)發(fā)展，掌握汽車(chē)低碳化、信息化、智能化核心技術(shù)，提升動(dòng)力電池、驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)、高效內(nèi)燃機(jī)、先進(jìn)變速器、輕量化材料、智能控制等核心技術(shù)的工程化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化能力，形成從關(guān)鍵零部件到整車(chē)的完整工業(yè)體系和創(chuàng)新體系，推動(dòng)自主品牌節(jié)能與新能源汽車(chē)同國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平接軌。”中國(guó)政府高度重視新能源汽車(chē)發(fā)展，將其確立為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。

新能源汽車(chē)是指采用非常規(guī)的車(chē)用燃料或動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)換裝置作為動(dòng)力來(lái)源，綜合車(chē)輛的動(dòng)力控制和驅(qū)動(dòng)方面的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，形成的技術(shù)原理先進(jìn)、具有新技術(shù)、新結(jié)構(gòu)的汽車(chē)。包括純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、增程式電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車(chē)、替代燃料汽車(chē)等。

隨著全球汽車(chē)保有量的不斷增加，一方面燃油大量消耗引起的能源危機(jī)變得日益嚴(yán)重，另一方面汽車(chē)尾氣排放引起環(huán)境污染的程度也越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。而在能源緊缺、環(huán)境惡化的形勢(shì)下，加快發(fā)展節(jié)能環(huán)保的新能源汽車(chē)迫在眉睫。

隨著動(dòng)力電氣化、材料輕量化、車(chē)輛智能化的新一代汽車(chē)技術(shù)大變革的深入，作為一個(gè)完全開(kāi)放的市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)面臨的技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力也越來(lái)越大。我們要盡最大努力抓住新能源、新材料、信息化科技帶來(lái)的新能源汽車(chē)新一輪技術(shù)變革機(jī)遇，實(shí)現(xiàn)新能源汽車(chē)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)全面升級(jí)，尤其是要加快實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力電池革命性突破，以完善的科技體系支撐新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)又好又快發(fā)展，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)的技術(shù)強(qiáng)國(guó)夢(mèng)。

本專(zhuān)題得到專(zhuān)家衣寶廉院士（中國(guó)科學(xué)院大連化學(xué)物理研究所）、黃學(xué)杰研究員（中國(guó)科學(xué)院物理研究所）、張劍波教授（清華大學(xué)汽車(chē)工程系）的大力支持。

·熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)排行·

截至2016年4月22日，中國(guó)知網(wǎng)（CNKI）和Web of Science（WOS）的數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告顯示，以“新能源汽車(chē)（new energy vehicle）”“純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（electric vehicle）”“燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（fuel cell electric vehicle）”“氫燃料汽車(chē)（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”為詞條可以檢索到的期刊文獻(xiàn)分別為4292條與3989條，本專(zhuān)題將相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)按照：研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)、作者發(fā)文數(shù)、期刊發(fā)文數(shù)、被引用頻次進(jìn)行排行，結(jié)果如下。

研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI） 　

研究機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

作者發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI）

作者發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

期刊發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（CNKI）

期刊發(fā)文數(shù)量排名（WOS）

根據(jù)中國(guó)知網(wǎng)（CNKI）數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告，以“新能源汽車(chē)（new energy vehicle）”“純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（electric vehicle）”“混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（hybrid electric vehicle）”“燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（fuel cell vehicle）”“氫燃料汽車(chē)（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”為詞條可以檢索到的高被引論文排行結(jié)果如下。

國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)高被引論文排行

根據(jù)Web of Science統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，以“新能源汽車(chē)（new energy vehicle）”“純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（electric vehicle）”“混合動(dòng)力電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（hybrid electric vehicle）”“燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車(chē)（fuel cell vehicle）”“氫燃料汽車(chē)（hydrogen fuel cell vehicle）”為詞條可以檢索到的高被引論文排行結(jié)果如下。

國(guó)外數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)高被引論文排行

·經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)推薦·

基于Web of Science檢索結(jié)果，利用Histcite軟件選取LCS（Local Citation Score，本地引用次數(shù)）TOP 50文獻(xiàn)作為節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，得到本領(lǐng)域推薦的經(jīng)典文獻(xiàn)如下。

來(lái)源出版物：IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2004, 12(3): 352-363

Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles

Zhu, Z. Q; Howe, David

來(lái)源出版物：Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007, 95(4): 746-765

Fuel cell vehicles: Status 2007

Von Helmolt, Rittmar; Eberle, Ulrich

來(lái)源出版物：Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(2): 833-843

Electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles: Architectures and modeling

Chan, C. C; Bouscayrol, Alain; Chen, Keyu

來(lái)源出版物：IEEE Transactions on ehicular Technology, 2010, 59(2): 589-598

·推薦綜述·

來(lái)源出版物：Science, 2005, 308(5730): 1901-1905

Cleaning the air and improving health with hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles

Jacobson, MZ; Colella, WG; Golden, DM

Abstract:Converting all U.S. onroad vehicles to hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) may improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification. Most benefits would result from eliminating current vehicle exhaust. Wind and natural gas HFCVs offer the greatest potential health benefits and could save 3700 to 6400 U.S. lives annually. Wind HFCVs should benefit climate most. An all-HFCV fleet would hardly affect tropospheric water vapor concentrations. Conversion to coal HFCVs may improve health but would damage climate more than fossil/electric hybrids. The real cost of hydrogen from wind electrolysis may be below that of U.S. gasoline. In this paper, a model-based strategy for the real-time load control of parallel hybrid vehicles is presented. The aim is to develop a fuel-optimal control which is not relying on the a priori knowledge of the future driving conditions (global optimal control), but only upon the current system operation. The methodology developed is valid for those problem that are characterized by hard constraints on the state-battery state-of-charge (SOC) in this application-and by an arc cost-fuel consumption rate-which is not an explicit function of the state. A suboptimal control is found with a proper definition of a cost function to be minimized at each time instant. The “instantaneous” cost function includes the fuel energy and the electrical energy, the latter related to the state constraints. In order to weight the two forms of energy, a new definition of the equivalence factors has been derived. The strategy has been applied to the “Hyper” prototype of DaimlerChrysler, obtained from the hybridization of the Mercedes A-Class. Simulation results illustrate the potential of the proposed control in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at a low level. This paper reviews the relative merits of induction, switched reluctance, and permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machines and drives for application in electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, with particular emphasis on PM brushless machines. The basic operational characteristics and design requirements, viz. a high torque/power density, high efficiency over a wide operatingbook=13,ebook=17range, and a high maximum speed capability, as well as the latest developments, are described. Permanent-magnet brushless dc and ac machines and drives are compared in terms of their constant torque and constant power capabilities, and various PM machine topologies and their performance are reviewed. Finally, methods for enhancing the PM excitation torque and reluctance torque components and, thereby, improving the torque and power capability, are described. Within the framework of this paper, a short motivation for hydrogen as a fuel is provided and recent developments in the field of fuel cell vehicles are described. In particular, the propulsion system and its efficiency, as well as the integration of the hydrogen storage system are discussed. A fuel cell drivetrain poses certain requirements (concerning thermodynamic and engineering issues) on the operating conditions of the tank system. These limitations and their consequences are described. For this purpose, conventional and novel storage concepts will be shortly introduced and evaluated for their automotive viability and their potential impact. Eventually, GM’s third generation vehicles (i.a. the HydroGen3) are presented, as well as the recent 4th generation Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell SUV An outlook is given that addresses cost targets and infrastructure needs. With the advent of more stringent regulations related to emissions, fuel economy, and global warming, as well as energy resource constraints, electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles have attracted increasing attention from vehicle constructors, governments, and consumers. Research and development efforts have focused on developing advanced powertrains and efficient energy systems. This paper reviews the state of the art for electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles, with a focus on architectures and modeling for energy management. Although classic modeling approaches have often been used, new systemic approaches that allow better understanding of the interaction between the numerous subsystems have recently been introduced.

Optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles

Sciarretta, A; Back, M; Guzzella, L

Keywords:road vehicle control; cost optimal control; fuel optimal control; suboptimal control; dynamic programming brushless drives; electric vehicles; electrical machines; hybrid vehicles; induction machines; permanent-magnet machines; switched reluctance machines hydrogen; automotive; fuel cell; hydrogen storage; LH2; CGH2 Electric vehicle (EV); fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs); hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); modeling; powertrains

文獻(xiàn)編號(hào)本領(lǐng)域經(jīng)典文章題目第一作者來(lái)源出版物1 Cleaning the air and improving health with hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles Jacobson, MZ Science, 2005, 308(5730): 1901-1905 2 Optimal control of parallel hybrid electric vehicles 3 Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles 4 Fuel cell vehicles: Status 2007 Sciarretta, A IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2004, 12(3): 352-363 Zhu, Z Proceedings of the IEEE, 2007, 95(4): 746-765 Von Helmolt, 5 Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling Rittmar Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(2): 833-843 Chan, C.C IEEE Transactions on ehicular Technology, 2010, 59(2): 589-598