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    定語從句的關系詞誤用剖析

    2016-05-30 06:02:37王鋒趙清娥
    高中生學習·高三版 2016年1期
    關鍵詞:語氣作文題副詞

    王鋒 趙清娥

    步驟二 遣詞造句

    1. 詞匯應豐富貼切

    (1)在提出申請或應聘時,應適時展現的良好性格和品行不不可或缺,我們不妨考慮在平時積累一些這樣的形容詞,這樣在構思作文時便可以根據申請信的類型快速準備恰當的詞語。諸如:

    optimistic樂觀的,creative有創(chuàng)造力的,outgoing外向,ambitious有上進心的,motivated積極的,talented有天分的,warm-hearted熱心的,modest謙虛的,responsible有責任心的,capable有能力的,reliable靠得住的,caring關心人的,confident自信的,efficient做事有效率的,energetic精力充沛的,thoughtful考慮周到的,qualified合格的。

    (2)書寫申請信時,適當使用幾個副詞,可以起到加強語氣,使閱卷老師眼前一亮的神奇作用,這里推薦兩種寫作中常用的副詞。

    程度副詞:completely/entirely/absolutely,highly,deeply,exactly,greatly,extremely ...。

    句子副詞:actually,frankly,more importantly,obviously/evidently,undoubtedly,personally ...。

    2. 句式應地道、多樣

    本道作文題中,我們可以從個性特點、應征目的、個人經歷等三個方面來構造句子,同學們看看能否使用不同句式來完成以下幾個句子:

    我叫李華,今年十八歲,是一名活潑開朗,樂于助人的高三學生。

    Im Li Hua,aged 18. Outgoing and helpful, I am a senior student in Grade Three.

    我申請該工作的目的是提高自己學習英語的能力,培養(yǎng)自己學好英語的信心。

    Keen to build up my confidence in learning English fairly well and improve my capacity of using English, I sincerely apply for this post.

    我曾經獲得過多項英語方面的獎項,包括全國英語大賽一等獎。

    I have won a considerable number of awards in English, including the first prize in the National Oral English Contest.

    我相信自己一定能夠勝任該項工作并作出自己的貢獻。

    I firmly believe that I will be adequate to the position and make great contributions, making the school magazine more popular with the students.

    此外,不同類型的寫作文體很多時候有其常用的句式表達,如果能夠熟練掌握,在考試時便可以快速搭建文章結構,使寫出的文章既簡潔,又地道。而我們在完成申請信之類的作文時,常常會涉及到諸如對申請原因的說明,對個人優(yōu)勢的介紹以及結尾處表達感謝和請求等。這些內容都是有套路的。

    步驟三 連句成篇寫出好文章

    在完成對詞語和句式的準備之后,就應該考慮如何寫出一篇完整的文章了。讓我們來看一下這篇習作:

    Dear Ms. Chen,

    Im Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. Im writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a volunteer to provide service for your considerable program. Targeted at improving my confidence and gradually adapting to the enormous society, I sincerely hope I can be given this precious opportunity.

    As for me, outgoing and helpful, Im excellent in English and especially my spoken English is fairly good. Once I won first prize in the National oral English contest, therefore, its out of question to express myself in English freely. Furthermore, I have fruitfully published several articles in English newspapers, which lays a solid foundation for the position Im dreaming of.

    If given the opportunity, Ill be surely devoted to the job, making the school magazine more popular with the students. I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.

    Looking forward to your reply.

    Yours truly,

    Li Hua

    該篇習作中,除注意到使用在文章中使用到應征信常用的句式如Im writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me ...,I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.外,在語言表達上也可圈可點。如在詞語上,使用了諸如considerable,precious,outgoing,helpful等形容詞,還使用了fairly,freely,fruitfully,surely,greatly等副詞起到加強語氣,表達強烈期望的作用。而在短語和句式表達上,使用了諸如Targeted at improving my confidence ...,making the school magazine more ...等非謂語動詞做狀語,it句式,省略用法等,形式多樣而又錯落有致,值得借鑒。

    再來讓我們看看2012年全國卷的作文題:

    假定你是李華,從互聯網上得知一個國際中學生組織將在新加坡(Singapore)舉辦夏令營,歡迎各國學生參加。請些一封電子郵件申請參加。

    內容主要包括:

    1. 自我介紹(包括英語能力);

    2. 參加意圖(介紹中國、了解其他國家);

    3. 希望獲準。

    注意:

    1. 詞數100左右;

    2. 可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;

    3. 郵件開頭和結尾已為你寫好。

    Dear Sir or Madam,

    Regards,

    Li Hua

    請同學們看一篇例文:

    Dear Dear Ms. Chen,

    Im Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.

    I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.

    As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teacher and my classmates.

    I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.

    Looking forward to your reply.

    Yours truly,

    Li Hua

    仔細觀察,我們可以發(fā)現,盡管兩道作文題題目形式和內容略有差異,但同作為申請信,在作文的寫作思路上有著共同的特點。例如在范文中,使用了如Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.等常用句式,在對個人能力介紹上,使用諸如outgoing,confidence,get along well with,have such a good command of等一些通用的詞匯和短語等。

    最后,在寫作應征書信時,同學們應注意:

    1. 語氣要誠摯友好,千萬不要表現出強求的意思,諸如must,should等語氣強硬的詞盡量不要出現;

    2. 對于申請的內容和原因應盡量寫清楚;

    3. 期望得到回應的心情一定要表達出來,諸如I will be grateful if you could ...一類的句式用在申請信上是再合適不過的。

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