節(jié)能降耗污泥脫水裝備及制備建材技術(shù)與示范

宋繁永 劉豐 周立祥

摘 要：我國污水廠建設(shè)存在嚴(yán)重的“重水輕泥”現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致大量污泥“積壓”，未得到合理的安全處理處置，存在二次污染的隱患。近年來，國家對(duì)于污泥的處理處置日益重視，但目前我國正在運(yùn)行的市政污泥處理處置工程，均存在能耗高、核心裝置故障多、工藝運(yùn)行不穩(wěn)定的問題，導(dǎo)致我國市政污泥的能源化與資源化利用水平低等的共性問題。本項(xiàng)目通過開發(fā)節(jié)能降耗型污泥脫水技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)污泥的能源化與資源化利用，建設(shè)污泥減量及資源化利用示范工程。在保持污泥原有有機(jī)質(zhì)和熱值等有益成分不變的前提下，通過研究生物瀝浸預(yù)處理污泥工藝與技術(shù)，顯著改善污泥機(jī)械脫水性能；開發(fā)高效節(jié)能污泥機(jī)械脫水設(shè)備，將污泥含水率降低到60%以下，同時(shí)保證預(yù)處理環(huán)節(jié)和脫水設(shè)備實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化控制，數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)采集，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。在此基礎(chǔ)上，研發(fā)深度脫水半干化污泥建材化的利用途徑，通過技術(shù)集成優(yōu)化，形成市政污泥高效脫水關(guān)鍵設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、運(yùn)行指南和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為我國污泥資源化利用及其產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展提供技術(shù)支撐。深入分析測(cè)試了污泥基本性質(zhì)，通過對(duì)采集了典型城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污泥進(jìn)行了50多個(gè)指標(biāo)的分析測(cè)試，了解里了污泥水分狀況以及表面電荷情況，為污泥脫水性能的調(diào)理奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。結(jié)果上看，城市液態(tài)污泥比阻大，難脫水；污泥富含有機(jī)質(zhì)和氮磷植物養(yǎng)分；也含有重金屬和難降解有機(jī)污染物。研究了污泥生物瀝浸處理中微生物區(qū)系和EPS對(duì)脫水性能的影響。污泥經(jīng)過生物瀝浸處理后可通過隔膜廂式壓濾脫水機(jī)一步脫水到含水率？60%的污泥餅。但生物瀝浸提高污泥脫水性能的機(jī)制尚不十分清楚，本年度主要從自養(yǎng)菌和異養(yǎng)菌菌落形成單位數(shù)（CFU）的相對(duì)變化及EPS兩方面來探討其影響機(jī)制。改良式化學(xué)調(diào)理劑的研制及其調(diào)理機(jī)理研究。 針對(duì)含水80%左右的脫水污泥，在研制添加量低（污泥干物質(zhì)的15%以下）、成本低、易產(chǎn)業(yè)化、滿足后續(xù)資源化利用的調(diào)理劑方面做了深入研究。節(jié)能降耗模塊化立式污泥脫水裝備的研發(fā)。針對(duì)目前污泥廂式或板框壓濾脫水設(shè)備占地大、自動(dòng)卸料和濾布清洗的效果不好；濾布變形較大、易損壞、壽命短等問題，研發(fā)占地少節(jié)能降耗模塊化立式污泥脫水裝備，對(duì)裝備構(gòu)件中可變腔式過濾模塊構(gòu)型、過濾模塊間自動(dòng)密封技術(shù)、濾料自動(dòng)脫落裝置等做了研究，探討了生物瀝浸處理污泥焚燒處置效果及影響因素。比較了生物瀝浸處理后深度脫水污泥（含水約60%）與常規(guī)脫水污泥（含水約80%）在室溫條件下水分蒸發(fā)速率的差異，以評(píng)價(jià)其干化效果。

關(guān)鍵詞：節(jié)能降耗 ； 污泥脫水； 建材制備

Abstract：There is a serious "wastewater first， sewage sludge second" phenomenon in the construction of wastewater treatment， large number of sludge has not been safely treated and disposal. Recently， the government has paid more and more efforts on the sludge treatment and disposal， but problems such as high energy， multi-core device failure， process running instability were existed in current methods. This project has developed energy-saving sludge dewatering technology， made it possible for the sludge utilization， the construction of sludge reduction and resource utilization demonstration project. As maintaining the original organic matter and calorific value and other ingredients， significantly improved mechanical sludge dewatering performance was achieved by studying bioleaching pretreated sludge process and technology. The energy efficient mechanical sludge dewatering equipment could be used to reduce sludge moisture content below 60%. At the same time the pretreatment part and the dewatering equipment were combined automatic control， automatic data collection， real-time monitoring. The formation of municipal sludge dewatering efficiency of key equipment design criteria， operational guidelines and technical standards for the utilization of sludge should be done. The basic properties of the sludge were analyzed through the collection of the typical municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge. More than 50 indicators were analyzed to study where the moisture and surface charge conditions. These tests performed a theoretical basis for the sludge dewatering process. In the results， the liquid sludge performed higher specific resistance， which made the sludge difficult to dehydrate. The sludge bioleaching process and EPS effects on the sludge dewatering performance were studied. After bioleaching sludge could be treated to a moisture content of 60%. The relative change of EPS and autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria colony forming units （CFU） were learned to investigate the impact mechanism.

Key words：energy-saving， sludge dewatering， construction material preparation

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