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    “深部重大工程災害的孕育演化機制與動態(tài)調(diào)控理論”立項報告

    2016-05-30 02:29:06馮夏庭李海波王明洋李夕兵鄧建輝
    科技資訊 2016年13期
    關(guān)鍵詞:災害

    馮夏庭 李海波 王明洋 李夕兵 鄧建輝

    摘要:隨著礦山開采深度增加和條件趨于復雜,以及越來越多的水利水電、交通、國防和基礎(chǔ)物理實驗等工程在深部和我國強烈構(gòu)造活動區(qū)興建,高強度巖爆、持續(xù)大變形和大體積塌方等深部工程災害造成的人員傷亡、停工停產(chǎn)等工程事故居高不下,造成的經(jīng)濟損失觸目驚心。深部工程的重大災害事故難以遏制的關(guān)鍵問題在于目前對這些災害的發(fā)生機理缺乏深入研究,尚無有效指導這些災害預測和防治的系統(tǒng)理論和方法。 為了解決這些問題,本項目立項報告提出了圍繞涉及地學、力學與工程科學方面的四個關(guān)鍵科學問題:(1) 深部巖體結(jié)構(gòu)特征與復雜應力環(huán)境及其對災害的控制作用;(2) 深部強卸荷作用下裂隙巖體與圍巖力學行為的演化規(guī)律;(3) 深部重大工程災害時空孕育演化動力學過程與成災機理;(4) 深部重大工程災害孕育演化過程的時空預測與動態(tài)調(diào)控。 設置了6個課題:(1) 深部巖體結(jié)構(gòu)與地應力特征及其對災害的控制作用;(2) 高應力強卸荷作用下多組裂隙巖體宏細觀力學行為;(3) 深部圍巖分區(qū)破裂機理及其時間效應;(4) 深部硬巖爆破開挖誘發(fā)巖爆與碎裂誘變機理;(5) 深部巖體強卸荷大變形演化與致災機理;(6) 深部重大工程災害的時空預測與動態(tài)調(diào)控理論。 確定了如下預期目標:針對深部工程和深部金屬礦山重大災害(高強度巖爆、持續(xù)大變形與大體積塌方)的誘發(fā)條件、孕育演化機制、預測預警與動態(tài)調(diào)控方法開展基礎(chǔ)研究,揭示高應力強卸荷下深部圍巖應力調(diào)整與性質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化和結(jié)構(gòu)分區(qū)破裂演化的條件和機理,探明深部工程災害孕育演化過程中的能量聚集、傳遞與釋放的規(guī)律,建立深部重大工程災害孕育演化過程的時空預測和動態(tài)調(diào)控理論體系,較好地解決我國深埋水利水電工程、金屬礦山深部開采、深埋交通隧道、深埋國防工程、暗物質(zhì)探測等深部基礎(chǔ)物理實驗工程中災害預測預報和防治的關(guān)鍵科學問題,形成深部重大工程災害防治與礦產(chǎn)資源高效開采相結(jié)合的深部金屬礦安全開采新模式和理論體系,為實現(xiàn)我國安全、經(jīng)濟與高效的深部資源開采、能源開發(fā)、交通、基礎(chǔ)物理實驗與國防建設等提供關(guān)鍵理論支持。

    關(guān)鍵詞:深部工程; 災害; 巖體結(jié)構(gòu); 孕育演化; 時空預測;動態(tài)調(diào)控

    Abstract:With increasing depth of mining and conditions become more complex, as well as a growing number of water conservancy and hydropower, transportation, national defense, and fundamental physics experiments and other projects are constructed in the deep and intense tectonic activity zone. The key issue for difficult suppressing of the deep engineering major disasters is that the current mechanism of these disasters are lack of in-depth study, and no effective guide of system theory and methods for these disaster prediction and prevention. To solve these problems, this report presents four key scientific questions involving geoscience, mechanics and engineering sciences: (1) deep rock structure and complexity stress environment and its control to the disaster; (2) mechanical behavior evolution of fractured rock and rock mass under strong unloading condition; (3) kinetics mechanism and disaster causing mechanism of the space time; (4) time space prediction and dynamic control of the evolution of deep major project disaster. Six sub-projects are set up: (1) deep rock structure and stress characteristic and its effect on disaster control action ; (2) macro and micro mechanics of multiple fractured rock mass under high stress strong unloading condition; (3) zonal rupture mechanism and time effect of deep rock mass; (4) blasting caused rockburst and it induced fragmentation mechanisms of deep hard rock; (5) deep rock strong unloading induced large deformation evolution and disaster formation mechanism; (6) time and space prediction and dynamic control theory of deep major engineering disasters. Following targets are established: Basic researches are aim at the causing condition, evolution mechanism, prediction and forecast and dynamic control methods of major disasters in deep engineering and deep metal mines. The purpose is to reveal the conditions and mechanisms of stress adjustment and nature transformation and structure zonal rupture evolution of deep rock mass under high stress strong unloading condition; to verify the energy accumulation, transfer and release law during deep engineering disaster evolution; to establish time and space prediction and dynamic control theory system of deep major engineering disasters evolution. The achievements will provide critical theoretical support to national security, economic, and efficient deep exploitation of resources, energy development, transportation, basic physics experiments and national defense construction.

    Keywords:Deep engineering; disaster; rock structure; evolution; time and space prediction; dynamic control

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