不同氮效率小麥品種苗期根系氮代謝及其吸收能力差異分析

熊淑萍，吳克遠(yuǎn)，王小純,2，吳懿鑫，杜 盼，馬新明

(1.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/河南糧食作物協(xié)調(diào)創(chuàng)新中心/小麥玉米作物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，河南鄭州 450002；2.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院，河南鄭州450002)

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不同氮效率小麥品種苗期根系氮代謝及其吸收能力差異分析

熊淑萍1，吳克遠(yuǎn)1，王小純1,2，吳懿鑫1，杜 盼1，馬新明1

(1.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/河南糧食作物協(xié)調(diào)創(chuàng)新中心/小麥玉米作物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，河南鄭州 450002；2.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院，河南鄭州450002)

摘要：為了解不同氮效率小麥品種根系氮代謝特征及其吸收能力的差異，明確小麥氮高效利用的生理機(jī)制，在水培條件下，研究了氮高效小麥品種漯麥18和氮低效小麥品種西農(nóng)509的根系氮代謝特征和對吸收的動(dòng)力學(xué)特征。結(jié)果表明，漯麥18的根系GS活性、硝酸還原酶活性、游離氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量均高于西農(nóng)509；而西農(nóng)509的根系硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮含量高于漯麥18；漯麥18根系對吸收的最大吸收速率(Vmax)顯著高于西農(nóng)509；漯麥18根系對的親和力(以Km的倒數(shù)衡量)低于西農(nóng)509。結(jié)果說明，氮高效型小麥品種根系對的吸收能力和同化能力均顯著高于氮低效型小麥品種；小麥根系對的吸收和同化是相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系。

關(guān)鍵詞：小麥；根系；氮代謝；吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)特征

1材料與方法

1.1試驗(yàn)材料與設(shè)計(jì)

利用前期篩選的氮高效小麥品種漯麥18和氮低效小麥品種西農(nóng)509為試驗(yàn)材料[9]。采用溶液培養(yǎng)的方法于2014年在河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)小麥玉米作物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室人工氣候室進(jìn)行。供試種子用75%酒精消毒5 min，1 g·L-1HgCl2消毒10 min；無離子水洗凈后浸種24 h，于25 ℃ 培養(yǎng)箱中催芽。幼苗一葉一心時(shí)， 用蒸餾水沖洗后取大小均勻一致的幼苗，移到完全營養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)。營養(yǎng)液配方為：K2SO40.75×10-3mol·L-1、MgSO40.65×10-3mol·L-1、KCl 0.1×10-3mol·L-1、Ca(NO3)22.0×10-3mol·L-1、KH2PO40.25×10-3mol·L-1、H3BO31×10-6mol·L-1、MnSO41×10-6mol·L-1、CuSO41×10-7mol·L-1、ZnSO41×10-6mol·L-1、 (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O 1×10-9mol·L-1、Fe-EDTA 1×10-4mol·L-1。每3 d更換1次營養(yǎng)液，用稀HCl和稀NaOH調(diào)節(jié)營養(yǎng)液pH在6.5左右，培養(yǎng)溫度模擬大田。

1.2.1氮素吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)特征的測定(常規(guī)耗竭法[13])

1.2.2氮代謝相關(guān)指標(biāo)測定

1.3數(shù)據(jù)處理

采用Excle 2010和SPSS 20軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理和方差分析，用Origin Lab 9.0作圖。

2結(jié)果與分析

2.1兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期氮吸收動(dòng)力學(xué)特征的差異

雖說我國已經(jīng)實(shí)施了很多的發(fā)展策略，包括：絲路基金、亞投行等，但就實(shí)際情況而言，并未完全覆蓋多樣化的融資需求。在保障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的前提下，我國金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)積極探索全新的融資模式，不斷吸引各項(xiàng)資本的參加，為“一帶一路”項(xiàng)目建設(shè)奠定基礎(chǔ)。與此同時(shí)，強(qiáng)化PPP模式的應(yīng)用，聯(lián)合民間資本與社會(huì)資本，為“一帶一路”建設(shè)提供資金支持，政府部門應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)化各類形式合作模式的鼓勵(lì)。

圖1　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期吸收速率

1 NO-3

Fig. uptake rate of two wheat varieties

同一列數(shù)值后的不同小寫字母表示5%水平差異顯著。下同

Values followed by different lower case letters are significant difference at 5% level.The same as table 2

圖2　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期吸收速率

2 NH+4

Fig. uptake rate of two wheat varieties

2.2兩個(gè)小麥品種根系氮代謝的差異

2.2.1谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的差異

圖中不同大、小寫字母分別表示在1%、5%水平下差異顯著。下同

Different capital and lower case letters mean significant difference at 1% and 5% level.The same as following figures

圖3 兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期在不同氮

處理下根系GS活性的差異

Fig.3Differences of GS activity in root of two

wheat varieties with different N

forms at seedling stage

2.2.2硝酸還原酶活性(NR)的差異

2.2.3游離氨基酸含量的差異

2.2.4可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量的差異

圖5　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期在不同氮處理

圖6　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期在不同氮處理

2.2.5硝態(tài)氮含量的差異

2.2.6銨態(tài)氮含量的差異

圖7　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期在不同氮處理

圖8　　　兩個(gè)小麥品種苗期在不同氮處理

3討 論

硝酸還原酶是氮代謝過程中的第一種酶，是硝酸鹽同化的限速酶，其活性受底物的誘導(dǎo)[18]，本研究中硝態(tài)氮培養(yǎng)條件下漯麥18、西農(nóng)509根系的硝酸還原酶活性顯著高于銨態(tài)氮處理，與前人研究結(jié)論一致。GS參與多種氮素代謝途徑的調(diào)節(jié)，是氮代謝的關(guān)鍵酶[19]?？扇苄缘鞍自诘卮x中起著代謝庫的作用，可以反映植株氮素代謝的強(qiáng)弱[20]。游離氨基酸是植物體內(nèi)氮化物的主要存在方式和運(yùn)輸形式[21]。本研究中硝態(tài)氮培養(yǎng)條件下漯麥18、西農(nóng)509根系的GS活性、游離氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量顯著低于銨態(tài)氮處理；這是由于硝態(tài)氮被根系吸收后先被硝酸還原酶和亞硝酸還原酶還原成銨態(tài)氮后才能被同化、合成氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)，而銨態(tài)氮被吸收后可直接參與氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)的合成。

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Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots and Uptake Characteristic of Wheat Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Efficiency at Seedling Stage

XIONG Shuping1,WU Keyuan1,WANG Xiaochun1,2,WU Yixin1,DU Pan1,MA Xinming1

(1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;2.College of Life Sciences,Henan Agriculture University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

Abstract:In order to clarify the physiological mechanisms of higher nitrogen use efficiency of wheat,the difference of nitrogen metabolism in roots and uptake characteristics of wheat cultivars with different nitrogen efficiency were investigated.Under hydroponic conditions,the nitrogen metabolism in roots and uptake kinetics to and of N high efficiency wheat variety Luomai 18 and N low efficiency wheat variety Xinong 509 were studied.The results showed that the GS activity,NR activity,free amino acids concentration and soluble protein concentration in root of Luomai 18 were higher than those of Xinong 509.But the nitrate concentration and ammonium concentration in root of Xinong 509 were higher than those of Luomai 18.The maximum absorption rate(Vmax) to and of Luomai 18 were higher than those of Xinong 509.But the affinity(1/Km) of Xinong 509 was higher than that of Luomai 18.In conclusion,the root absorptive capacity to and and assimilative capacity of Luomai 18 was significantly higher than that of Xinong 509.There is a mutually reinforcing relationship between wheat roots absorption and assimilation to and .

Key words:Wheat; Root; Nitrogen metabolism; Uptake kinetics

中圖分類號：S512.1；S311

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A

文章編號：1009-1041(2016)03-0325-07

通訊作者：馬新明(E-mail：xinmingma@126.com)

基金項(xiàng)目：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31301281)；河南省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)(小麥)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系技術(shù)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(S2010-01-G04)

收稿日期：2015-10-16修回日期：2015-10-29

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間：2016-03-01

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址：http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1359.S.20160301.1338.018.html

第一作者E-mail：shupxiong@163.com