同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的過(guò)程中,都熟知英語(yǔ)中通常要用否定詞not或no來(lái)構(gòu)成否定形式,于是有些同學(xué)就將not或no與否定表達(dá)對(duì)等起來(lái),誤認(rèn)為只要有not或no就是否定表達(dá),如果沒(méi)有就是肯定表達(dá)。事實(shí)上,在英語(yǔ)中否定表達(dá)是形式多樣的,有些句子如果僅從形式上看,雖然沒(méi)有not或no,然而其意義卻是否定的。采用其他結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示否定的意義,下面就向大家作簡(jiǎn)單的介紹,希望對(duì)提高同學(xué)們的運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的能力有所幫助。
一、沒(méi)有not或no詞匯的否定表達(dá)
1. 用不定代詞nothing,nobody,few,little和zero,naught等構(gòu)成否定
He did nothing yesterday.昨天他什么也沒(méi)干。
Few of my friends are here. 我的朋友沒(méi)有幾個(gè)在這兒。
Our hopes were reduced to zero. 我們的希望化為泡影。
Tom sets at naught all your good advice. 湯姆完全不把你的忠告放在心上。
2. 用動(dòng)詞wonder,fail,miss,refuse,forget等構(gòu)成否定
I forgot what you had said. 我不記得你說(shuō)了些什么。
He failed in the exam this time. 這次考試他沒(méi)有及格。
He resolutely refused any bribe. 他堅(jiān)決不接受任何賄賂。
She failed the math exam this time. 這次她沒(méi)有通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試。
Harry up,or else we'll miss the last bus. 趕快,不然我們就趕不上末班車了。
3. 用代詞none,neither構(gòu)成否定
None of you can speak English. 你們誰(shuí)也不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
Neither of us has been to Beijing. 我們倆誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有去過(guò)北京。
4. 用形容詞short,empty,dry,bare,absent,thin,different,poor,impossible,unhappy等構(gòu)成否定
He has thin eloquence. 他辯才不行。
These cows are dry. 這些牛不產(chǎn)奶了。
We are short of hands. 我們?nèi)耸植粔颉?/p>
The case with him is quite different. 他的情況完全不同。
They live a life empty of comforts. 他們過(guò)著毫無(wú)樂(lè)趣的生活。
You shouldn't promise what's impossible. 你不該許諾做不到的事情。
5. 用介詞without,but,except,beyond,against和短語(yǔ)but for,far from,instead of等構(gòu)成否定
This book is beyond me. 這本書(shū)我看不懂。
We are against the plan. 我們不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
We can't live without water. 沒(méi)有水我們就無(wú)法生存。
I wish Mother was here instead of you! 我寧可是媽媽在這里,而不是您。
He wants this book instead of that one. 他想要這本書(shū),而不是那本書(shū)。
But for your help,I could not have finished the work. 倘若沒(méi)有你的幫助,我完不成這項(xiàng)工作。
6. 用連詞before等構(gòu)成否定
It grew dark before we finished our work. 我們活還沒(méi)干完天就黑了。
7. 用副詞never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,ill,otherwise等構(gòu)成否定
That is hardly possible. 那簡(jiǎn)直不可能。
I have never heard of him. 我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。
He seldom goes out on Sundays. 星期天他很少出門(mén)。
8. 用短語(yǔ)prevent/stop...from等構(gòu)成否定
They tried to stop the ship from going down. 他們?cè)噲D不讓輪船沉沒(méi)。
This medicine can prevent you from catching cold. 這藥可以防止你感冒。
二、沒(méi)有not或no句型的否定表達(dá)
1. 特定情境下的疑問(wèn)句
What can mean more than life? (=Nothing can mean more than life.) 沒(méi)有什么比生命更重要。
Is he a fool? (=Surely he is not a fool.) 他才不傻呢。
2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If I had the money,I would buy a house.(=I have no money;I can't buy a house.) 我要有錢(qián)就買套房子。
If he had been there,he would have known it better. (=He didn't go there;he didn't know it well.) 要是他去過(guò)那兒,他就會(huì)更了解那個(gè)地方。
3. 具有否定意義的句型
常見(jiàn)的有too...to...(太……以致……),more than... can(非……所能),the last+不定式/定語(yǔ)從句(最不可能……),anything but...(絕不會(huì)……)等。
It?蒺s more than I can bear. 這是我無(wú)法忍受的。
The wooden bridge is anything but safe. 這座木橋一點(diǎn)也不安全。
He would be the last man to say such things. 他絕不會(huì)說(shuō)這種話。
He is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小,還分不清是非。