方禮祿,王朝軍,徐 利,沈 君,嚴(yán)彩虹,楊 光
(1.北京市SPF豬育種管理中心,北京 100194;2.北京市養(yǎng)豬育種中心,北京 100194)
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四烯雌酮對(duì)妊娠母豬胚胎存活率的影響
方禮祿1,王朝軍2,徐利2,沈君1,嚴(yán)彩虹1,楊光1
(1.北京市SPF豬育種管理中心,北京100194;2.北京市養(yǎng)豬育種中心,北京100194)
摘要:為研究四烯雌酮對(duì)妊娠母豬是否有副作用,從妊娠35 d的10頭后備母豬中隨機(jī)選取2頭作為Ⅰ組,從15頭妊娠35 d的經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬中隨機(jī)選出2頭作為Ⅱ組,剩下的后備母豬和經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬分別作為Ⅲ組和Ⅳ組。Ⅰ組與Ⅱ組的每頭母豬拌料飼喂四烯雌酮15 mg·d-1,連續(xù)飼喂14 d;沒(méi)有流產(chǎn)的母豬直接進(jìn)入21 d后的再次循環(huán)飼喂。結(jié)果表明,Ⅱ組經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬在飼喂完第一期四烯雌酮后全部流產(chǎn),Ⅰ組所有的后備豬直到再次飼喂四烯雌酮后才流產(chǎn);對(duì)照組的妊娠母豬全部正常分娩。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,四烯雌酮可導(dǎo)致妊娠母豬流產(chǎn)及胚胎死亡。
關(guān)鍵詞:妊娠母豬;四烯雌酮;流產(chǎn);胚胎死亡
在早期的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),四烯雌酮可提高母豬的發(fā)情率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)[ 1-3 ]。但是在隨后的批次生產(chǎn)中,極少數(shù)的“空懷母豬”(因母豬妊檢出現(xiàn)失誤,誤把妊娠母豬當(dāng)作空懷母豬)在飼喂四烯雌酮后出現(xiàn)了流產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象,而同批未飼喂四烯雌酮的妊娠母豬并未出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象。母豬流產(chǎn)容易引起疾病的發(fā)生,阻礙豬場(chǎng)的順利生產(chǎn),更嚴(yán)重?fù)p害豬場(chǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。本試驗(yàn)研究了四烯雌酮對(duì)妊娠母豬的胚胎存活率的影響,以確定四烯雌酮是否對(duì)妊娠母豬(妊娠35~90 d)有流產(chǎn)和造成胚胎死亡的作用。
1.1試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
選取北京市SPF豬育種管理中心的純種英系大白已妊娠后備母豬10頭,妊娠經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬15頭,妊娠日齡都為35 d。所有母豬都采用定位單欄飼養(yǎng)(寬0.6 m,長(zhǎng)2.2 m)、自由飲水和自由采食。
1.2試驗(yàn)藥品、飼料與儀器
四烯雌酮購(gòu)置于北京市科益豐生物技術(shù)發(fā)展有限公司生產(chǎn),含量≥99%。全價(jià)配合飼料由北京三元禾豐牧業(yè)有限公司生產(chǎn)。B超儀(ssc-218)由上海阿洛卡醫(yī)用儀器有限公司制造。
1.3試驗(yàn)方法
1.3.1試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
從10頭妊娠35 d的后備母中隨機(jī)選出2頭作為Ⅰ組,將15頭妊娠35 d經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬隨機(jī)選出2頭作為Ⅱ組,剩下的8頭后備豬和13頭經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬分別作為Ⅲ組和Ⅳ組(對(duì)照組)。Ⅰ組與Ⅱ組的每頭母豬拌料飼喂四烯雌酮15 mg·d-1,連續(xù)飼喂14 d。對(duì)照組不飼喂四烯雌酮。母豬都是經(jīng)過(guò)用B超檢查確定為妊娠的母豬。沒(méi)有流產(chǎn)的母豬,直接進(jìn)入21 d后的再次循環(huán)飼喂。
1.3.2試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物流產(chǎn)及死胎的鑒定
觀察母豬陰部排出物是否有豬胚胎樣及木乃伊樣物,再次用B超儀檢查妊檢母豬是否流產(chǎn)。
四烯雌酮對(duì)妊娠母豬的影響見附表。
附表 四烯雌酮對(duì)妊娠母豬的影響
由附表可知,Ⅰ和Ⅱ組母豬飼喂四烯雌酮14 d后,Ⅱ組經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬全部流產(chǎn),流產(chǎn)胚胎數(shù)為22個(gè),其他組的母豬無(wú)流產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象。但Ⅰ組母豬再經(jīng)過(guò)1次循環(huán)飼喂后,母豬也全部流產(chǎn),流產(chǎn)的死胎數(shù)為16個(gè),木乃伊數(shù)為5個(gè)。對(duì)照組的所有母豬直到正常分娩日也沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)流產(chǎn)現(xiàn)象。結(jié)果表明,四烯雌酮可導(dǎo)致妊娠母豬流產(chǎn)及其胚胎死亡。
本試驗(yàn)的所有妊娠母豬在飼喂四烯雌酮后都出現(xiàn)了流產(chǎn)和胚胎死亡的現(xiàn)象。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與Soede等的研究結(jié)果一致[ 4 ]。這可能與母豬體內(nèi)的孕酮濃度有關(guān),四烯雌酮是以類似于天然孕酮的作用模式來(lái)抑制促性腺激素的釋放,從而引起動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的其他生理發(fā)生變化[ 5-9 ]。
Soede等研究表明,剛排卵的母豬再飼喂四烯雌酮會(huì)降低母豬的受精率和胚胎存活率,妊娠4~ 6 d的母豬飼喂四烯雌酮會(huì)導(dǎo)致其分娩率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)降低,并認(rèn)為這個(gè)可能與孕酮的濃度有關(guān)[ 4 ]。但是在母豬妊娠后期飼喂四烯雌酮(飼喂時(shí)間:妊娠111~113 d,20 mg·d-1)可延長(zhǎng)母豬的妊娠期及增加仔豬的初生重[10]。Foisnet等研究表明,飼喂四烯雌酮的妊娠母豬(妊娠109~113 d,20 mg·d-1)與對(duì)照組相比,雖能延長(zhǎng)妊娠母豬的妊娠期,但仔豬的初生重和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)并無(wú)顯著變化,更沒(méi)影響到母豬的泌乳量[11]。母豬妊娠后期飼喂適量的四烯雌酮(妊娠110~112或111~113 d,20 mg·d-1)是一個(gè)防止母豬早產(chǎn)且無(wú)副作用的有效方法[12]。初產(chǎn)母豬斷奶后直接連續(xù)飼喂5 d的四烯雌酮(20 mg·d-1)并不能提高母豬的分娩率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)[13]。四烯雌酮可用于后備豬的同期發(fā)情、延長(zhǎng)妊娠母豬的妊娠期2~3 d和推遲斷奶母豬的發(fā)情[14]。
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前沿科技摘編
Effect of Altrenogest on the Embryos Survival Rate of Pregnant Swines
FANG Lilu1, WANG Zhaojun2, XU Li2, SHEN Jun1, YAN Caihong1, YANG Guang1
(1. Beijing SPF Swine Breeding&Management Center, Beijing 100194, China;2. Beijing Breeding Swine Center, Beijing 100194, China)
Abstract:To find out the side-effect of altrenogest on pregnant swines, from 35 days of pregnancy of 10 head gilts randomly selected 2 head as groupⅠ, from 15 head pregnancy 35 days of multiparous sows were randomly se?lected 2 head as the groupⅡ, the rest of the gilts and multiparous sows as groupⅢandⅣ, respectively. GroupⅠand groupⅡper sow mixed feeding 15 mg·d-1altrenogest, continuous feeding 14 days; no abortion of sow directly into the 21 d after the recirculating feeding. All sows aborted in groupⅡafter the first altrenogest treatment for 14 days, other sows did not abort. All sows aborted in groupⅠwhen they were treated with altrenogest for 14 days again, other sows did not abort in two control groups. In conclusion, altrenogest treatment led pregnancy sows to abortion and embryonic death.
Key words:pregnancy sow; altrenogest; abortion; embryonic death
作者簡(jiǎn)介:方禮祿(1984-),男,壯族,廣西欽州人,碩士,主要從事畜牧業(yè)的生產(chǎn)。
收稿日期:2015-12-11
中圖分類號(hào):S814.6;S828
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1001-0084(2016)02-0005-03