廖小琴
【摘要】以建構(gòu)主義為理論基礎(chǔ)的體驗(yàn)式英語教學(xué)策略符合了學(xué)習(xí)者的語言認(rèn)知規(guī)律,即語言的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是學(xué)習(xí)者(主體)與環(huán)境(客體)之間不斷相互作用的結(jié)果。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期以來忽視主體與客體相互作用及相互關(guān)系的,以教師為中心的英語專業(yè)教學(xué)來說,體驗(yàn)式英語教學(xué)策略有著開拓性意義。本文探討了體驗(yàn)式教學(xué)法在中學(xué)英語專業(yè)教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用與實(shí)踐,最后歸納了該教學(xué)法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),同時(shí)也提出了對(duì)該教學(xué)法的反思。
【關(guān)鍵詞】體驗(yàn)式英語教學(xué) 英語專業(yè)教學(xué)
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2016)01-0112-02
與傳統(tǒng)的英語教學(xué)相比較,傳統(tǒng)的英語教學(xué)是以教師為中心,以教師的講授為主,信息單向地由教師傳向?qū)W生,學(xué)生被動(dòng)地接受信息。這種方法主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是英語知識(shí)的傳授,忽略了學(xué)生應(yīng)用能力的培養(yǎng)。而英語教學(xué)的根本目的和最終目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力(Paul Davies,2002)。而在體驗(yàn)式英語教學(xué)則體現(xiàn)的是以學(xué)生為中心,以學(xué)生的個(gè)體差異為基礎(chǔ),通過交際情境和實(shí)際應(yīng)用,使學(xué)生掌握學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容并學(xué)會(huì)如何運(yùn)用而不是孤立地學(xué)習(xí)語言。
新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本理念:強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)過程,重視語言學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)踐性和應(yīng)用性。主張學(xué)生在語境中接觸,體驗(yàn)和理解真實(shí)語言,并在此基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)用語言。英語課程提倡盡可能多地為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造在真實(shí)語境中應(yīng)用語言的機(jī)會(huì)。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在教師指導(dǎo)下,通過體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與,探究和合作等方式,發(fā)現(xiàn)語言規(guī)律,逐步掌握語言知識(shí)和技能,不斷調(diào)整情感態(tài)度,形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略,發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。(英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
筆者經(jīng)常根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行體驗(yàn)式教學(xué)。仁愛九年級(jí)上Unit2都是關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境的話題。Topic 1是關(guān)于各種環(huán)境污染的問題。
一:課后實(shí)踐,調(diào)查,形成一文章。我就布置一任務(wù),讓學(xué)生觀察身邊的環(huán)境,調(diào)查污染的起因(cause)和結(jié)果(effect )然后給報(bào)社寫一封信。有的同學(xué)就觀察到景區(qū)環(huán)境的垃圾污染。調(diào)查和取數(shù)據(jù),最后形成一篇報(bào)告。Last week, I went to climb Mount Gu.(登鼓山)Along the way, you can see litter on the path, under the trees, especially in the half way where people stop for a rest and eat(觀察).The climbers took some food and drinks. The ate and drank hot water or mineral water. After the plastic bottle was empty, after they use paper towels and there is not a dustbin nearby, they threw them around. The litter not only destroys the environment but also influence the look of the city.(影響) So we should have a good habit to put the rubbish into the dustbin.報(bào)告完后,我建議他可以具體做一些事:邊爬山,邊收集垃圾,既鍛煉了身體也保護(hù)了環(huán)境,同時(shí)還樹立榜樣,一舉三得。另外一學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到噪音污染。Every night, in the center of my community(about 7 oclock to 9 oclock) many elder grandmothers dance to music. The sound of the music is louder and they chat and laugh loudly. The students can not do their homework carefully and the sleeping babies cry. Can they turn down their music or go to someplace. 通過布置任務(wù),讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn),參與,使他們英語課堂有話可說,有內(nèi)容可寫,并且實(shí)事求是,不胡編亂造,效果很好。 二:情景模擬:繼而教師給他們?cè)O(shè)一情景,假設(shè)你是記著,你來采訪報(bào)道廣場(chǎng)舞大媽,另外幾位模仿大媽,展開對(duì)話,同學(xué)們也表現(xiàn)很好,雖然詞匯受限制,但不影響交流。R: Hello, granny, whats your name? S1:I am…(學(xué)生大笑)R: How long have you danced here? S1: Oh, about two months. S2:About one year. S3:Not very long. R: Does anybody stop you dancing here? S2:Yes, many people said that we couldnt dance here, but I think it is a public place. Every one can do what they like. S1: We like dancing here, because it is close to our home. S3: If they want to dance, they can join us too.(大媽各抒己見) R: But do you think it is too noisy to disturb others. S1: We can turn down the music. R: If you have a newborn grandson, and he cant sleep well at night, and then what would you like to do? S2:I will think about that later.學(xué)生在模擬真實(shí)情境時(shí),之前要做大量預(yù)備工作,如采訪什么問題,查詞匯,需要配合合作。一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)能使他們很好地掌握本單元的語言知識(shí)點(diǎn),培養(yǎng)他們的英語興趣,激發(fā)他們開口說英語。再如,教師引導(dǎo):假設(shè)你是地球,以地球的口氣做演講,第一人稱。內(nèi)容包含過去的地球與現(xiàn)在地球的對(duì)比,分析原因,最后呼吁大家怎么做。給學(xué)生一定時(shí)間,教會(huì)他們?nèi)绾巫鲅葜v,深情并茂?,F(xiàn)將一學(xué)生習(xí)作原文摘抄如下:I am the earth. In the past, there were many green trees and beautiful flowers. Birds sang everywhere. Many bees and butterflies were dancing in the park.(過去) But with the development of the industry, some things you have done are good for me while others are not. You pollute me and I am sick now. You cut down too many trees, so lots of rich land has changed a serious problem and into deserts. Factories pour waste water into the river.(現(xiàn)狀) Pollution has become a serious problem, so I am crying for help. I think from now on….