黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊超數(shù)排卵效率比較及分析
易金云1,2,李繼成3,任 超3,董德權(quán)3,劉國(guó)世1*,呂文發(fā)2*
(1.吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130118;
2.中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,北京 100193;
3.北京奧鑫牧業(yè)有限公司,北京 101309)
本試驗(yàn)的目的是比較黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊超數(shù)排卵效率的差異,并進(jìn)一步分析差異產(chǎn)生的原因。20只黑薩福克綿羊和10只杜泊綿羊用FSH遞減法超數(shù)排卵,獲得的胚胎用于移植103只受體。結(jié)果表明,黑薩福克綿羊平均回收胚胎11.0±7.1枚,杜泊綿羊14.3±6.7枚,差異不顯著(P>0.05);移植2枚可用胚的黑薩福克組和杜泊組產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊,可用胚發(fā)育效率無(wú)差異(75%和80%,P>0.05);整體水平上,黑薩??司d羊獲得后代的幾率顯著低于杜泊綿羊(44.7%和88.9%,P<0.05)。說(shuō)明兩品種綿羊回收的胚胎數(shù)量沒(méi)有差異,但質(zhì)量有差異;黑薩??顺瑪?shù)排卵效率低于杜泊綿羊,但與母羊繁殖力無(wú)關(guān),可能因公羊精液品質(zhì)或者輸精方式所致。
黑薩??耍欢挪?;超數(shù)排卵;胚胎移植;人工輸精
修回日期:2015-03-02
自然生理環(huán)境下,綿羊卵巢一個(gè)情期只有一到兩個(gè)卵泡成功排卵。外源FSH可以解除優(yōu)勢(shì)卵泡對(duì)其它卵泡發(fā)育的抑制,在合適時(shí)間注射FSH,可獲得更多胚胎[1]。孕酮栓除使發(fā)情同步,由于孕酮水平上升,卵泡募集得更多,發(fā)育得更大[2]。
綿羊超數(shù)排卵效果不穩(wěn)定,連續(xù)超數(shù)排卵得到的胚胎往往是第一次或第二次最好[3-5]。孕酮栓埋植天數(shù)不同,綿羊發(fā)情排卵也不同[6]。不同個(gè)體的卵巢對(duì)外源激素反應(yīng)有差異,誘導(dǎo)分泌的雌激素水平高低不同,卵泡群動(dòng)態(tài)變化多種多樣[7,8,9]。同一品種綿羊排卵數(shù)在較大范圍內(nèi)波動(dòng),而不是固定的一或兩枚。
不同品種綿羊超數(shù)排卵是否有差異存在不同觀點(diǎn)[10-12]。評(píng)價(jià)超數(shù)排卵多是比較黃體數(shù)和沖胚數(shù)等,沒(méi)有納入胚胎移植結(jié)果,但結(jié)論可能因胚胎鑒定時(shí)肉眼誤判而存在缺陷。因此,結(jié)合胚胎移植分析超數(shù)排卵是否因品種而不同,并找出原因,對(duì)品種挑選和方案改進(jìn)有重要意義。
試驗(yàn)分兩批進(jìn)行,每一批10只黑薩??撕?只杜泊綿羊。試驗(yàn)流程見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 試驗(yàn)流程
供體綿羊發(fā)情周期任意某天,陰道放入CIDR栓(新西蘭),第二批放栓晚第一批1 d。第一批放栓第10 d,第二批第11 d,設(shè)為第0 d。第0 d上午到第3 d上午,以劑量遞減方式每12 h注射一次FSH(寧波,下同),最后一針的同時(shí)撤栓。撤栓12 h,注射PMSG;31~33 h,試情;34 h,發(fā)情母羊輸精;36 h,注射LH;50 h,再次試情,公羊交配;57 h,再次輸精。第10 d,供體綿羊腹腔內(nèi)窺鏡法回收胚胎,挑選桑葚胚和囊胚,移入與供體綿羊同步發(fā)情處理的受體綿羊子宮角。
試驗(yàn)在2012年4月下旬至5月上旬完成,受體綿羊9月下旬至10月中旬產(chǎn)羔。
數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS18.0獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)、非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)或者卡方檢驗(yàn)分析。平均數(shù)以“均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差”表示,P>0.05為不相關(guān)或差異不顯著,P<0.05為相關(guān)或差異顯著。
2.1 超數(shù)排卵效果(見(jiàn)表1)
表1 黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊超數(shù)排卵效果比較
圖2 黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊沖胚數(shù)分布
2.2 可用胚質(zhì)量
兩組受體綿羊可用胚移植和產(chǎn)羔情況見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組受體綿羊可用胚移植和產(chǎn)羔情況
2.2.1供體品種與所有受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔的關(guān)系
由表2可知,兩組可用胚平均移植數(shù)均為1.9枚。黑薩福克組39.2%即20只受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔;杜泊組50.0%即26只受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔。產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊比例相差10.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
表3 供體品種與所有受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔的關(guān)系
為研究可用胚質(zhì)量是否有差異,先將每一組受體綿羊按是否產(chǎn)羔分為兩組(表3),分析供體品種是否影響受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔。
經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn),受體綿羊是否產(chǎn)羔與供體品種不相關(guān)(P>0.05),即供體品種不影響受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔。
2.2.2 供體品種與產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊移植可用胚發(fā)育效率的關(guān)系
由表2可知,兩組都是移植2枚可用胚的受體綿羊最多,黑薩??私M22只,占43.1%;杜泊組46只,占88.5%。黑薩福克組總產(chǎn)羔30只,杜泊組40只,相差10只。為此,選出移植2枚可用胚且產(chǎn)羔的受體綿羊(表4),進(jìn)一步分析供體品種是否影響產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊移植可用胚的發(fā)育。
表4 移植2枚可用胚的產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊,產(chǎn)羔數(shù)與供體品種的關(guān)系
表4經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn),移植2枚可用胚的產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊,產(chǎn)羔數(shù)與供體品種無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05)。其中,黑薩福克組受體綿羊平均產(chǎn)羔1.5只,即75%(1.5/2)的胚胎發(fā)育產(chǎn)羔;杜泊組平均產(chǎn)羔1.6只,80%(1.6/2)的胚胎發(fā)育產(chǎn)羔。供體品種不影響產(chǎn)羔數(shù),產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊移植的可用胚發(fā)育效率無(wú)差異。
供體品種既不影響受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔,又不影響產(chǎn)羔受體綿羊移植的可用胚發(fā)育效率,說(shuō)明兩品種綿羊可用胚質(zhì)量無(wú)差異。
2.3 所有胚胎(可用胚和不可用胚)質(zhì)量
兩品種綿羊后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)見(jiàn)表5。
表5 黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)
黑薩??司d羊回收胚胎219枚,受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔30只,平均13.7%(30/219)的胚胎發(fā)育到羔羊;杜泊綿羊回收胚胎129枚,受體綿羊產(chǎn)羔40只,平均31.0%(40/129)的胚胎發(fā)育到羔羊。
黑薩??司d羊19只沖出胚胎,9只有后代,占47.4%;杜泊綿羊9只沖出胚胎,8只有后代,占88.9%。黑薩??司d羊后代獲得率比杜泊低41.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
2.3.1供體品種與后代獲得的關(guān)系
為研究?jī)善贩N綿羊胚胎(包括不可用胚)的發(fā)育效率是否有差異,先將沖出胚胎的綿羊按是否有后代分為兩類(后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)=或>0),分析供體品種是否影響后代的獲得。
表5中后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)的分布經(jīng)卡方檢驗(yàn),供體品種與后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)是否大于0顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05),即是否有后代與品種有關(guān)。黑薩福克綿羊沖出胚胎但沒(méi)有后代的幾率比杜泊高。
2.3.2 兩品種有后代的綿羊胚胎質(zhì)量比較
進(jìn)一步比較表5中有后代的兩品種綿羊后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù),分析有后代的供體綿羊沖出的胚胎,質(zhì)量是否存在品種間差異。
經(jīng)T檢驗(yàn),有后代的黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊后代數(shù)/沖胚數(shù)無(wú)差異(P>0.05),且分別有24.6%和31.9%的胚胎發(fā)育到羔羊。即如果有后代,兩品種綿羊胚胎質(zhì)量無(wú)差異。
供體品種影響后代的獲得,但不影響有后代的供體綿羊胚胎發(fā)育,說(shuō)明黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊的胚胎整體發(fā)育效率(13.7%和31.0%)有差異,即超數(shù)排卵效率有差異。
此次試驗(yàn),兩品種綿羊超數(shù)排卵效率的差異主要體現(xiàn)在胚胎質(zhì)量上。有后代的黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊,可用胚分別有75%和80%發(fā)育到羔羊;而所有胚胎(可用胚和不可用胚)分別有24.6%和31.9%發(fā)育到羔羊。而對(duì)于所有(有后代和無(wú)后代)綿羊,黑薩??撕投挪淳d羊回收的胚胎分別有13.7%和31.0%發(fā)育產(chǎn)羔,相差16.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致黑薩??司d羊后代獲得率顯著低于杜泊綿羊。由胚胎質(zhì)量在整體而非有后代個(gè)體上的差異,可知黑薩??司d羊不可用胚胎(包括發(fā)育失敗的移植胚)太多,平均可用胚(5.1枚)顯著少于杜泊綿羊(11.3枚)可佐證這一點(diǎn)。
此外,超數(shù)排卵效率還體現(xiàn)在胚胎數(shù)量上,即排卵數(shù)或者沖胚數(shù)。
Lassoued等(2003)發(fā)現(xiàn),同一種綿羊繁殖力較高品系的中型卵泡和排卵數(shù)(黃體數(shù))多于繁殖力較低品系[8]。說(shuō)明排卵數(shù)與母羊自身繁殖力有關(guān)。杜泊綿羊平均胎產(chǎn)仔數(shù)在1.45~1.60只之間[13,14],也有認(rèn)為是1.28只[15];薩福克綿羊在1.46~1.92只之間[16,17]??傮w上薩??司d羊胎產(chǎn)仔數(shù)比杜泊高,繁殖力更高,募集卵泡數(shù)也應(yīng)越多。
試驗(yàn)中,黑薩??司d羊平均沖胚數(shù)與杜泊無(wú)差異。Guzik等(1995)同時(shí)對(duì)四種綿羊超數(shù)排卵,黃體數(shù)與沖胚數(shù)均無(wú)差異[10]。可能是綿羊繁殖力相差并不大,或者卵巢承受能力達(dá)到極限,無(wú)法體現(xiàn)高繁殖力綿羊的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
綜上可知,兩品種綿羊超數(shù)排卵效率出現(xiàn)差異,與母羊繁殖力無(wú)關(guān),而可能因卵子受精狀態(tài)影響胚胎質(zhì)量所致。LH注射時(shí)間或公羊精液都可能影響卵子受精。
綿羊繁殖期內(nèi)源性LH峰在撤栓38.2 h或36.5 h出現(xiàn)[18,19];繁殖低谷期LH峰較高峰時(shí)延遲3 h[20]。而外源性高峰在注射LH 5 min后即可出現(xiàn)[21]。此次試驗(yàn)超數(shù)排卵在4-5月進(jìn)行,LH峰應(yīng)在撤栓36~41 h左右,因此撤栓36 h注射LH,外源與內(nèi)源高峰出現(xiàn)時(shí)間相近,卵泡可充分發(fā)育、排卵并受精。事實(shí)上,LH峰即使相差4 h也不影響卵子質(zhì)量[11]。
薩福克公羊睪丸在春夏季重新發(fā)育,為秋季繁殖高峰期做準(zhǔn)備[22,23];春季配種能力最弱,精液品質(zhì)可能不穩(wěn)定[24]。在非繁殖季節(jié),胚胎受精失敗的幾率更高[20]。此次試驗(yàn),杜泊綿羊受精率100%,而兩批黑薩??司d羊分別為100%和50%。精液品質(zhì)波動(dòng)可能是黑薩??司d羊胚胎質(zhì)量低于杜泊的原因之一。
Sayre等(1997)比較了腹腔鏡與子宮頸輸精的效率,前者胚胎受精率和母羊妊娠率均高于后者[25]。Ghalsasi等(1996)也有類似發(fā)現(xiàn)[26]。Fair等(2005)用腹腔鏡法給兩品種綿羊輸精,胚胎受精率無(wú)差異,而用子宮頸法則差異顯著[12]??梢?jiàn),選用合適的輸精方式,品種并不影響胚胎受精率。此次試驗(yàn)采用子宮頸法(自然交配為輔),可能母羊生殖道內(nèi)分泌影響到了精子的運(yùn)行及授精,從而降低了黑薩福克綿羊胚胎的質(zhì)量[27]。
綜上所述,黑薩??司d羊回收胚胎數(shù)與杜泊無(wú)差異,但發(fā)育效率低于杜泊綿羊。兩品種超數(shù)排卵效率有差異,但與母羊繁殖力無(wú)關(guān),可能因黑薩??斯蚓浩焚|(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,或輸精方式的缺陷所致。
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Comparative Analysis of Superovulation Efficiency Between Black Suffolk and Dorper Ewes
YI Jin-yun1.2,LI Ji-cheng3,REN Chao3,DONG De-quan3,LIU Guo-shi1*,LV Wen-fa2*
(1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3.Beijing Aoxin Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd,Beijiang 101309, China)
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the differences and their causes of the efficiency of superovulation between Black Suffolk and Dorper ewes. Superovulation of Black Suffolk ewes(n=20)and Dorper ewes(n=10)was performed with dosages declined FSH, followed by embryo transplant procedure immediately. The mean number of ova/embryo did not vary(P>0.05)between Black Suffolk and Dorper ewes, with 11.0±7.1 and 14.3±6.7, respectively. There is no difference(P>0.05)between the receptors of Black Suffolk and Dorper, which received two valid embryos and lambed ultimately, in the development rate of valid embryo(75% and 80%, respectively). Overall, a significant lower birth rate was observed in Black Suffolk ewes compared to Dorper ewes(44.7% and 88.9%, respectively; P<0.05). In conclusion, the quality but not the quantity of ova/embryo recovered varied between breeds of ewes. Moreover, the Dorper was superior in superovulation efficiency to the Black Suffolk, which could be attributed to the quality of semen and mode of artificial insemination, irrespective of fecundity of ewes.
black suffolk;dorper;superovulation;embryo transplant;artificial insemination
S821.3+6
A
1003-6377(2015)03-0029-07
國(guó)家科技支撐項(xiàng)目(2011BAD19B02-4)和轉(zhuǎn)基因重大專項(xiàng)(2014ZX08008-002B,2011ZX08008-005)
易金云(1990-),湖南衡陽(yáng),男,碩士。
劉國(guó)世,E-mail:gshliu@cau.edu.cn;呂文發(fā),
E-mail:wenfa2004@163.com
2015-02-13,