盧卡·莫利納里訪談

盧卡·莫利納里，范路/Luca Molinari, FAN Lu

盧卡·莫利納里訪談

Interview with Luca Molinari

盧卡·莫利納里，范路/Luca Molinari, FAN Lu

盧卡·莫利納里是意大利米蘭那不勒斯第二大學(xué)副教授，同時也是建筑評論家、建筑歷史學(xué)者，主要研究方向為米蘭城市公共空間與建筑，2015年，他從米蘭城市公共空間發(fā)展歷史的視角對米蘭世博園和建筑進(jìn)行研究，并參與策劃了《2015米蘭世博會意大利館》（Italian Pavilion Expo Milano 2015）一書?！妒澜缃ㄖ穼λM(jìn)行了簡短的采訪。

WA: 2015年世博會會場總體規(guī)劃涉及到的一個重要問題是可持續(xù)發(fā)展。為什么選址在目前的位置？世博會主題公園將如何為米蘭的未來發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)？

盧卡·莫利納里：選址的主要考慮因素是要在米蘭市西北部的若干高速公路、展會新址和高鐵車站之間找到一片空曠的區(qū)域。這處選址對米蘭大都市區(qū)未來幾十年的發(fā)展都具有戰(zhàn)略意義，未來幾個月內(nèi)即將在這里舉辦的活動對城市的未來發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。考慮到米蘭未來應(yīng)有一個富于革新的前景，我們所有人都希望這一系列具有戰(zhàn)略意義和政治意味的決定將以慷慨和新穎的方式得到落實。

WA: 在2009年公布的2015世博會場地概念規(guī)劃中提出了“星球植物園”的概念，更關(guān)注展覽的內(nèi)容和人們的體驗，而非建筑的形式。然而，最終實施的規(guī)劃削弱了最初的想法，并作出了妥協(xié)。因此，是否可以理解為，以具有紀(jì)念性的形式表達(dá)國家形象和資本的力量對今天的世博會建筑而言依然十分重要？

莫利納里：我們必須考慮到國際展覽局的職責(zé)，因此不得不改變最初富于創(chuàng)新的構(gòu)想。國際展覽局對世博會的期待更傳統(tǒng)，也更商業(yè)化。另一方面，這一屆世博會和上屆上海世博會一樣，再次表現(xiàn)出許多國家利用建筑設(shè)計實現(xiàn)自我展現(xiàn)的目的。相比最“傳統(tǒng)”的國家，這一屆世博會上也出現(xiàn)了許多其他國家，明確地表達(dá)了世博會的主題，而大部分建筑設(shè)計方案都很充分地展示了這一現(xiàn)象。

WA: 就建筑本身而言，這一屆世博會上的哪一座場館最具表現(xiàn)力？

莫利納里：我個人非常喜歡荷蘭建筑師安尼·霍爾特洛普設(shè)計的巴林館。我覺得它對這個國家的文化特色的詮釋非常深刻復(fù)雜又具當(dāng)代意味。整座建筑的形式被設(shè)計得易于拆卸、也易于運回參展國重建，而這正是每一座國家館設(shè)計的基本前提。

WA: 在您看來，哪一座場館充分地表現(xiàn)了世博會“滋養(yǎng)地球”的主題？

莫利納里：我認(rèn)為9大主題簇群的體系極佳地表現(xiàn)了這一主題。其設(shè)計由幾位來自不同緯度地區(qū)的建筑學(xué)院共同參與完成；其建筑將會場作為社區(qū)環(huán)境進(jìn)行考慮，很好地平衡了不同國家與公眾和公共空間之間的關(guān)系；與此同時，每一個簇群又都有內(nèi)容細(xì)致、籌備充分的展覽，并能夠通過有趣的圖像傳播特性表達(dá)其主題內(nèi)容。

WA: 能否從這次的世博會場館設(shè)計中找到建筑學(xué)的新發(fā)展趨勢？

莫利納里：我認(rèn)為可能并沒有出現(xiàn)任何建筑語匯上的新趨勢，但人們開始廣泛關(guān)注建筑廢料的處理，可持續(xù)發(fā)展也成為日漸主流的論點。

WA: 從世博會公園如何處理公共開敞空間和個體建筑表達(dá)姿態(tài)之間的關(guān)系中，我們可否汲取一些經(jīng)驗？

莫利納里：我認(rèn)為真正值得汲取的經(jīng)驗就是，只有公共空間能降低由各種自戀式建筑發(fā)出的噪音！賦予每個過渡城市空間更多的重要性，使其成為雖然臨時卻基本的必需空間，為生存和移居至這座大都市的多元化社群提供相互交流的可能性?！酰ㄐ熘m 譯）

Critic and architecture historian Luca Molinari is the Associate Professor of Vanvitelli Architecture Faculty in Naples, whose main research direction is the urban public space and architecture in Milan. In 2015, he studied the Expo Milano 2015 site and architecture in the perspective of Milan urban public space development history, and participated in the curation of Italian Pavilion Expo Milano 2015. World Architecture had an interview with him.

WA: Sustainable development is an important issue for the masterplan of Expo 2015 site. Why the current site was chosen and how the Expo Park can contribute to the future development of Milano?

Luca Molinari(LM): The site has been chosen considering an empty area sited between the northwestern highways, the new site of the Fair and the High Speed station. The site is strategic for the development of the Metropolitan Area of Milan for the next decades and the choices, which will be taken in the next months will be fundamental for the city's future. We are all hoping that the strategic and political decisions will be taken with a generous and original approach considering an innovative vision of Milan.

WA: In the conceptual site plan of Expo 2015 in 2009, the idea of planetary botanical garden focused more on exhibition content and human experience than about architectural form. But in the final realized plan, the initial idea is weakened and compromised. So could it be interpreted that expressing national image and power of capital through monumental forms is still an important role for architecture in Expo nowadays?

LM: We must consider the role of Bie which obliged a change of perspective in relation to the first, innovative proposal. The Bie's vision is more traditional and commercial driven. On the other side this Expo, as the previous in Shanghai, expressed again the aim of many nations of using architecture as image of self-representation. The emergence of many, alternative nations in comparison to the most "traditional" ones rose clearly this theme and most of the architectural solutions represented very well this phenomena.

WA: What, in architecture itself, is the most impressive Pavilion in this Expo?

LM: Personally I liked very much the Bahrain’s pavilion designed by the Dutch architect Anne Holtrop. I found it a very sophisticated and contemporary interpretation of the identity of the country and at the same time an intriguing space tolive and experience. The whole building has been designed to be dismantled easily and rebuilt in the country of origin, and this was a fundamental pre-requisite for every national pavilion.

1 巴林館鳥瞰/Aerial view of Bahrain Pavilion（圖片來源：?Studio Anne Holtrop，攝影：Iwan Baan）

WA: Which pavilion, in your opinion, gives a full expression on the theme of Expo–Feeding the Planet?

LM: I think that the system of the nine, thematic clusters represented very well the theme. They have been designed following a participatory process involving Faculty of Architecture from different latitudes; it has been built considering the space as a communitarian environment where the balance between the different countries and the public, common space was well organized; at the same time every cluster has a specific, well prepared exhibition able to explain thematic contents through an interesting graphic diffused quality.

WA: Is there any new architectural trends that could be found in the Expo Pavilion designs?

LM: I wouldn't consider the emergence of any linguistic trend, but a diffused attention to work on the waste of materials and a diffused sustainability as a main, driven argument.

WA: Is there any lessons that we can learn from the Expo Park in dealing with the relationship between public open space and expressive gesture of individual buildings?

LM: I think that the real lessons move from the idea that only public places can reduce the noise of the selfie-architectures! Giving more importance to the space of relation will allow the possibility of every, transitory urban area to be a temporary, but fundamental place of meeting and exchange for the multiple communities which lives and colonizes our metropolis.□