都靈2006年冬奧會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)

瑪爾塔·博泰羅/Marta Bottero

徐知蘭 譯/Translated by XU Zhilan

都靈2006年冬奧會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)

Monitoring the Torino 2006 Winter Olympic Games

瑪爾塔·博泰羅/Marta Bottero

徐知蘭 譯/Translated by XU Zhilan

在2000-2007年的整整7年里，進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)地域影響的研究1）。這對(duì)一個(gè)大型綜合項(xiàng)目開展前、進(jìn)行中和結(jié)束后的各階段監(jiān)測(cè)而言，是一個(gè)非常重要的契機(jī)。

這一研究有幾項(xiàng)差異性特征，如它以系統(tǒng)性地對(duì)所有可能通過(guò)不同方式、受奧運(yùn)會(huì)各項(xiàng)措施影響的領(lǐng)域給予了更多關(guān)注，它對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的地域影響進(jìn)行了分析，并且特別關(guān)注（賽后）“奧運(yùn)遺產(chǎn)”的遺留影響。尤其值得注意的是，這項(xiàng)分析研究的基礎(chǔ)是奧運(yùn)遺產(chǎn)主題，這一主題也被當(dāng)做是地域發(fā)展進(jìn)程的起點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)意義上，這項(xiàng)監(jiān)測(cè)工作的長(zhǎng)期開展讓我們能深入分析城市、地域和重大事件之間的關(guān)系，其研究成果也使我們明確界定了能形成奧運(yùn)遺產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)程的前提條件。

這項(xiàng)分析由一張?jiān)u估表開始，這張表格覆蓋了能讓奧運(yùn)會(huì)在最大程度上有益于地域發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)，并考慮到它們應(yīng)該能在上述提到過(guò)的、能夠產(chǎn)生影響的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行正確的評(píng)價(jià)。

評(píng)估表中明確列出了5項(xiàng)特別關(guān)注的關(guān)鍵主題；這些關(guān)鍵主題涉及有可能對(duì)地域系統(tǒng)的開放與增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)生影響的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、能改善當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆钇焚|(zhì)的新設(shè)施、經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域和生產(chǎn)發(fā)展的方面、旅游業(yè)的新興類型，以及自然、景觀和文化遺產(chǎn)的價(jià)值增長(zhǎng)。

在每一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵主題下，研究還定義了若干可能被認(rèn)為在奧運(yùn)會(huì)的地域影響評(píng)價(jià)中具有重要意義的因素。這些因素通過(guò)某些定量或定性指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)估，并參照彼此之間的綜合內(nèi)在關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。

從這項(xiàng)研究中，產(chǎn)生了該地區(qū)未來(lái)地域發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新方案。這個(gè)方案以一系列值得注意的決策和行為為特點(diǎn)，以未來(lái)為導(dǎo)向，以重新引入山區(qū)、景觀和自然環(huán)境為導(dǎo)向，也以尋求新的發(fā)展模式、新的城市和地區(qū)形象為導(dǎo)向，并且能在國(guó)際層面實(shí)施。不僅如此，方案還通過(guò)對(duì)研究成果中各項(xiàng)積極因素的關(guān)注，包含了致力于使奧運(yùn)遺產(chǎn)增值的許多戰(zhàn)略措施。由此，應(yīng)該給出研究的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)：創(chuàng)新和本土發(fā)展（核心關(guān)鍵主題：“企業(yè)與發(fā)展”），以及旅游、體育和休閑（核心關(guān)鍵主題：“新興旅游業(yè)”）?！?/p>

For a total period of seven years (2000-2007), specific research was dedicated to the evaluation of the impacts of the Olympic Games on the region1). It was an important opportunity to examine and monitor a complex programme in the ex-ante, in itinere and ex-post stages.

The study was characterized by several specificities, such as a systematic increase in attention to all the areas that could be have been influenced – in various ways – by the actions of the Olympic Games, an analysis of the regional implications of the Programme's actions, and a special care given to the residual (post-event) effects of the "Olympic legacy". In particular, the main objective of the analysis was to examine the theme of Olympic legacy, intended as start-up of territorial development processes. In this respect, the long-term duration of the performed monitoring allowed to deeply analyze the relationship between city/territory and Mega Events and, consequently, to put in evidence the pre-conditions for the creation of legacy processes able to last over time.

The analysis was developed starting from an assessment grid crossing the objectives to be pursued, in order to maximize the territorial benefits of the Olympic Games with the aspects that had to be considered for a correct evaluation of the previously mentioned effects.

The assessment grid identified five key themes on which attention was concentrated. These key-themes were related to infrastructures able to influence the possibility of opening and strengthening the territorial system, to new services that would improving the quality of life of the local population, to economic development, to the new types of tourism, and to the optimization of natural, landscape, and cultural heritage.

For each key theme, the study identified several elements that could be considered as very significant for the evaluation of the repercussions of the Olympic Games on the territory. These elements were assessed by means of specific qualitative and quantitative indicators, and analyzed with consideration to their complex inter-relationships.

From the research, an innovative scenario for the future territorial development of the region has emerged. This scenario is characterized by noteworthy choices and behaviours directed towards the future, towards the re-emphasis of the mountains, the landscape, and the natural context, towards the search for new development models and images for the city and the territory, and an ability to act at an international level. Moreover, the scenario includes strategies devoted to the valorisation of the Olympic legacy, looking at the elements considered in the research in positive terms. Hereupon, the main focus should be put on: innovation and local development (central key-theme: "enterprises and development") and tourism, sport and leisure (its central key-theme: "new tourism").□

注釋/Note:

1）該研究由地域系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)新高等研究院（SiTi）進(jìn)行，由以下教授進(jìn)行科學(xué)指導(dǎo)/This research was carried out by Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation (SiTi), under the scientific supervision of the professors: Roberto Gambino, Giulio Mondini, Attilia Peano and Claude Raffestin.

都靈理工大學(xué)

2015-08-15