清華大學專家公寓，北京，中國

清華大學專家公寓，北京，中國

Expert Residence of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2005

清華大學專家公寓一期、二期一北一南位于草木豐美、環(huán)境清幽的清華大學勝因院內(nèi)，屬于學校老校園核心區(qū)的一部分。一期是為我國知名學者提供的住所，由3個私密的院落組成；二期是為高研中心海外學者短期居住而建的酒店式公寓，由A、B、C、D 4棟小樓組成，南北以鋼結構連廊相連，輔以公共空間和配套用房。

由于項目位于校園之中，追求質樸的外表、人性的內(nèi)涵是設計的指導思想，在校園中不追求華麗的外表，以和諧的比例和樸素的材料融合現(xiàn)代居住模式，使建筑掩映在綠蔭叢中，做到適用、經(jīng)濟、美觀。建筑師堅持以人為本的設計原則，一期和二期的使用者分別為國內(nèi)知名學者與國外高訪學者，根據(jù)他們的不同特點，通過對使用者特定行為模式的研究，在建筑設計中的每個細節(jié)都體現(xiàn)了設計師對人的尊重和關懷。同時，由于該建筑位于歷史悠久的老校園核心區(qū)，本設計力求尊重環(huán)境，通過院落式圍合布局與校園整體肌理相呼應，實現(xiàn)人與建筑和環(huán)境的和諧發(fā)展。

在戶型設計中，一期公寓更為私密，每套住宅自成一個院落。公寓內(nèi)部除一般起居空間外，還重點設有書房、Loft、客房、內(nèi)院等，重點打造讀書研究的空間，滿足學者們的生活工作習慣要求。二期公寓考慮到外國學者的生活特點和習慣，廚房設計為開敞式西廚，餐廳與起居廳南北相對布置，需要時可將兩廳合并成為一個超大活動空間；起居與臥室動靜分區(qū)明確，書房相對安靜獨立，采光良好。

對于二期酒店式公寓，公共交往空間的人性化設計也是一大亮點。在首層專門設計了由門廳、活動室（含吧臺）、衛(wèi)生間組成的公共交往空間；在二層還設計了寬敞舒適的室外平臺，為西方學者們進行室內(nèi)室外休閑和交流活動提供了便利。

二期是為短期在華工作的外國高訪學者而建的公寓，所以生活服務設施和后勤的設計就必不可少。結合特定使用者的需求，建筑中設計了值班室（兼商務）、被服間、清潔間、后勤人員宿舍及儲藏室。同時在安保、網(wǎng)絡、通訊等方面進行智能化設計。

本著追求校園建筑樸素外表的設計原則，建筑外立面采用灰白色彈涂與灰色面磚相結合的手法，二期中的鋼結構長廊則采用與窗框顏色相同的深灰黑色窗框和親切質樸的木百葉，使建筑與周圍環(huán)境相融合。樸素的白墻與灰磚，富有親和力的木材，穩(wěn)重的深色金屬，這一切都體現(xiàn)了清華校園內(nèi)學者公寓質樸、平和、親切、內(nèi)斂的人文氣質。

空間上采用院落式布局，一期是每套住宅自成一個院落，整組建筑由3個院落圍合而成；二期則以一條鋼結構長廊巧妙聯(lián)系4棟小樓，形成幾個相對獨立的綠色庭院，為使用者創(chuàng)造出具有歸屬感的私密和安靜的居住環(huán)境。院落式空間是中國傳統(tǒng)居住建筑的空間形式，同時也是能夠融合于老校區(qū)校園肌理的特色空間，并且適合居住建筑的場所特性。

該地段環(huán)境優(yōu)美，林木豐富，設計中將原有的大樹全部予以保留，盡最大可能地利用原有地形地貌，保護自然環(huán)境；室外環(huán)境設計中采用喬木、灌木、地被植物和草坪相結合的立體綠化，避免土壤的裸露和流失；道路鋪裝采用卵石和青石板等天然材料，考慮雨水的自然滲透，保護水循環(huán)，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展?！?/p>

1 二期草圖/Sketch, Expert Residence of Tsinghua University Phase II

2 總平面/Site plan

項目信息/Credits and Data

項目負責人/Principal in Charge: 莊惟敏/ZHUANG Weimin設計團隊/Design Team: 莊惟敏，鮑承基，李文虹等/ ZHUANG Weimin, BAO Chengji, LI Wenhong, et al.

場地面積/Site Area: 5869m2

總建筑面積/ Total Floor Area: 2882m2

建筑高度/Height: 11.75m

設計時間/Design Period: 2001.11-2004.2

竣工時間/Completion: 2005

攝影/Photos: 張振光，莫修權，肖偉，莊惟敏/ZHANG Zhenguang, MO Xiuquan, XIAO Wei, ZHUANG Weimin

3-6 一期外景/Exterior views, Phase I

7 一期內(nèi)庭院/Inner courtyard, Phase I

8 二期首層平面/Floor 0 plan, Phase II

9 二期二層平面/Floor 1 plan, Phase II

10 二期外景/Exterior views, Phase II

11 二期外景/Exterior views, Phase II

Expert Residence of Tsinghua University Phase I & II are located in Shengyin Yuan of Tsinghua University, where is partly the core area of the old campus. Phase I is residence designed for renowned Chinese scholars, consisting of three private courtyards. Phase II is serviced apartment buildings designed for short stays of overseas scholars from Institute of Advanced Study, including four buildings connected by steel-structured corridors from north to south, and equipped with public space and supporting facilities.

Because of its on-campus location, the guideline of the design is to pursuit a humane characteristic with a pristine expression. To be specific, the aim is "functional, economical, and aesthetic". While harmonious scales and simple materials are applied, modern living patterns are adopted, the project merges quietly with the surrounding trees. through condensed research on behavior patterns of occupants, the architect is able to design with great care and respect to the different needs of the users, namely famous Chinese academics for phase I and overseas researchers for phase II. In consideration of the site being located in a campus core area with a long history, the architect adopts courtyard layouts to respond to the campus texture, which intends to reach a harmony among human being, building and the environment.

Phase I is designed to have a private character, with each residence forming an independent courtyard. Together with the living room, study room, yard, loft and guest rooms, the design focused on various spaces of study in order to satisfy the scholars' needs. Unit of Phase II has western open kitchen in consideration of the living habits of foreign scholars. And the dining room and living room can merge into a large event space. Public and private sectors are well organized with reading room quiet and light-abundant.

Public space with humanistic concern for overseas visiting scholars also plays a very important role in the design of Phase II. there is a lobby, a bar and an activity room on the first floor to provide indoor communication. And there is the wide terrace on the second floor for outdoor leisure.

The supporting facilities to benefit foreigner's living are friendly equipped in Phase II, the serviced apartment. Taken the occupant's needs into consideration, Phase II includes duty room (partly business center), linen room, laundry, storage and cleaner's dormitory. Intelligent amenities are provided such as the digital equipment of security, Internet, and communication.

Adhering to the design guidelines, the facade is covered by ash grey paint and grey facing brick. The steel corridor in Phase II is painted charcoal and embellished with wooden shutters. the austere white walls, grey bricks, wooden shutters and dark metal together create the plain, gentle, intimate, yet restrained humanistic characteristics of the scholar residence.

the basic spatial layout language for this project is courtyard. Phase I has 3 private courtyards, each courtyard is a single residence. Phase II is a series of 4 buildings sharing a connecting corridor and several semi-private green yards. Courtyard is the spatial pattern of traditional Chinese dwellings. And it also integrates well with the campus context. Courtyard echoes the nature of residential space.

The site is covered with lush vegetation, and the design tries its best to maintain the topography of the original site and keeps most of the trees onsite intact. the landscape design use arbors, shrubs and ground cover plants to prevent the exposure and erosion of soil. The pavement uses pebbles and flagstone to allow water penetration and to protect the water circulation for a sustainable development.□

12 鋼結構長廊/Steel corridor

評論

劉曉都：勝因院對于清華人是有特別意義的。它是清華園的園中園，隱秘而高深，緣由是作為教授住宅，歷史上出現(xiàn)過眾多的名人名教授的身影，如費孝通、梁思成、劉仙洲、馬約翰等等。有如教師寓所在傳統(tǒng)的西方大學校園里都是重要的組成部分，這樣一批1940年代的小洋樓，密度偏低且年久質弱，卻也承載了清華歷史的一個重要部分。在這里重新設計一片現(xiàn)代功能的專家公寓其挑戰(zhàn)是顯而易見的。而莊惟敏的設計策略無疑是合宜和準確的。兩期建筑延續(xù)了原來老的建筑肌理，尺度沒有夸張的放大。布局簡潔而縝密，一期引入院落式鋪陳，二期重點處理環(huán)境關系，全部保留場地里的大型喬木。材料使用從一期的白墻灰頂?shù)蕉诩尤氲匿撃具B廊都很好的契合著居住氛圍所應有的溫情，同時也帶入一些當代設計的韻味。設計的呈現(xiàn)反映了莊惟敏處理場地的敏感和功力，建筑布局準確有效，形式風格穩(wěn)健，不急扯白臉，卻也敢于不因襲傳統(tǒng)紅磚材料而做出多種探索。事實證明這些探索是成功的。看到這個建筑令我想起關肇鄴院士曾經(jīng)發(fā)表過的一個觀點，建筑“重要的是得體”。清華專家公寓便是一個得體而又有新意的作品，它表現(xiàn)出了莊惟敏作為清華建筑傳人的人文氣質：內(nèi)斂而不掩神韻，平和乃不失大氣。

13 二期建構示意/Construction diagram, Phase II

14 鋼結構長廊內(nèi)景/View in the steel corridor

15 二期外景/Exterior view, Phase II

16 冬季的庭院/Courtyard in winter

Comments

LIU Xiaodu: Shengyin Yuan is of special significance to Tsinghua people. A concealed and recondite courtyard on campus, it used to be the residence community of many famous professors including FEI Xiaotong, LIANG Sicheng, LIU Xianzhou, MA Yuehan and others. Like the faculty apartment buildings in traditional Western colleges that occupy a unique position on campus, these buildings, though loosely scattered and long in disrepair, constitute an important part in Tsinghua's history. To redesign a modern apartment community for experts in this area presents an obvious challenge. ZHUANG Weimin's design strategy is undoubtedly both appropriate and accurate. Without exaggeration of scale, the two construction phases extend the original architectural texture with a simple yet meticulous disposition. Phase I introduces the courtyard layout, and phase II lays emphasis on its relationship with the environment by preserving all the trees on site. As for building materials, both the white wall and grey roof in phase I and the steel-and-wood corridors in phase II accord well with the supposed warm feeling of the residential atmosphere, while at the same time bringing some modern taste to the design. The design shows ZHUANG's sensitivity and capacity in handling the site: the architectural layout is accurate and efficient, the formal style is assured and anxiety-free, while the architect is bold enough to depart from traditional red bricks and make more explorations in material application, which proved to be successful. This work reminds me of a famous statement by Prof. GUAN Zhaoye: "what matters in a building is its appropriateness." The experts' apartments in Tsinghua University can be regarded as both appropriate and innovative, exhibiting ZHUANG's cultural temperament as an inheritor of Tsinghua's architectural heritage: restrained yet charming, gentle yet magnanimous.