閔慶華,楊 軍,邵康為,朱才松,袁立新,徐慧玲,李 彭,陸文杰
上海市同仁醫(yī)院影像科,上海200336
乳腺彌散加權(quán)成像在乳腺疾病中的作用
閔慶華,楊 軍,邵康為,朱才松,袁立新,徐慧玲,李 彭,陸文杰
上海市同仁醫(yī)院影像科,上海200336
背景與目的:乳腺彌散加權(quán)成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)是一種無創(chuàng)傷性的磁共振檢查方法,能否替代乳腺磁共振動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描(dynamic contrast-enhanced,DCE)做為乳腺癌篩查的方法,本研究就此來探討乳腺彌散加權(quán)成像在乳腺良惡性疾病中的作用。方法:74例患者均進(jìn)行數(shù)字乳腺X線、DCE及DWI檢查。49例取b值為0、400、600和800 s/mm2。比較DWI和DCE的檢出率、靈敏度和特異度;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化表觀彌散系數(shù)(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值和ADC絕對值在乳腺癌檢出率中的定量分析比較。結(jié)果:經(jīng)手術(shù)證實(shí),64/74例病理結(jié)果為陽性(38例為惡性病變,26例為良性病變)。經(jīng)DWI和DCE檢查,惡性病變的檢出率為100%。b值分別取400、600和800 s/mm2時(shí),DWI在乳腺良惡性病變鑒別中的診斷靈敏度分別為83.33%、90.00%和93.33%,特異度為85.91%、76.19%和72.72%;DCE的靈敏度和特異度分別為86.61%和90.48%;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值和ADC絕對值在乳腺癌的檢出率中差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:DWI在乳腺疾病的鑒別診斷中,具有一定的優(yōu)越性,是繼常規(guī)乳腺磁共振增強(qiáng)檢查的重要補(bǔ)充方法。
彌散加權(quán)成像;動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描;磁共振;乳腺癌
目前,數(shù)字乳腺X線攝影作為有效的乳腺癌篩查方法,大大降低了乳腺癌的死亡率;然而,其存在很大的局限性,極度、不均勻致密型纖維腺體均可降低病灶的檢出率[1-2]。與歐美國家不同,中國婦女乳腺恰恰由于體積較小、腺體組織致密、脂肪組織較少等原因很容易掩蓋腫瘤,使得乳腺X線攝影的靈敏度和特異度均有所下降。乳腺磁共振檢查,其靈敏度高,在乳腺疾病良惡
性鑒別中,尤其是在乳腺癌高危人群中扮演著越來越重要的角色,甚至有學(xué)者提出可作為早期乳腺癌的篩查方法。目前,乳腺磁共振檢查中,應(yīng)用成熟的技術(shù)是動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描(dynamic contrast-enhanced,DCE),然而,近年來卻有報(bào)道顯示,造影劑具有腎毒性[3-5],因此在國外常規(guī)需檢查肌酐水平。彌散加權(quán)成像(diffusionweighted imaging,DWI)是一種無創(chuàng)傷性的磁共振檢查方法,運(yùn)用正常組織和病變組織間不同的分子運(yùn)動(dòng)(布朗運(yùn)動(dòng))而成像。因此,有學(xué)者提出將DWI用于乳腺癌篩查[6]。然而,DWI能否替代目前成熟的DCE技術(shù),能否有效地作為繼數(shù)字乳腺X線檢查之后乳腺疾病的重要檢查方法,我們進(jìn)行了如下探討。
1.1 臨床資料
本研究屬于回顧性分析,收集2011年1月—2013年5月共162例因乳腺不適來上海市同仁醫(yī)院就診的患者,共74例納入本研究組。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:①只有數(shù)字乳腺X線而無磁共振檢查(20例);②只行DCE而無DWI、數(shù)字乳腺X線檢查(44例);③失訪(24例)。64例經(jīng)手術(shù)病理證實(shí),而10例數(shù)字乳腺X線診斷為異常(BI-RADS為3類),DWI及DCE檢查卻未發(fā)現(xiàn)異常,經(jīng)2年隨訪復(fù)查無變化而視為正常。所有患者均為女性,年齡為20~86歲,其中絕經(jīng)后患者42例。所有患者既往均無手術(shù)病史,無磁共振造影劑禁忌證。本研究經(jīng)倫理委員會(huì)審批通過。
1.2 磁共振參數(shù)
采用GE1.5 T磁共振掃描儀(Sigma ExciteⅡ,GE Medical System,Milwaukee,WI,USA)。患者俯臥位,雙乳充分懸于乳腺相控陣線圈內(nèi),頭、肩膀和腹部盡量抬高以減少呼吸而造成的移動(dòng)偽影。磁共振掃描序列按照如下順序排列:
①脂肪抑制T2WI(FSE)序列(矢狀位:TR/TE=3 500/85 ms,激勵(lì)次數(shù):3,層厚:5 mm,感興趣區(qū):220 mm);②脂肪抑制T2WI橫斷位:TR/TE=4 000/85 ms,激勵(lì)次數(shù):3,層厚:4 mm,感興趣區(qū):160 mm);③脂肪抑制T1WI(FSE)序列(矢狀位:TR/ TE=480/10.4 ms,激勵(lì)次數(shù):2,層厚:5 mm,感興趣區(qū):220 mm);④動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)掃描采用一個(gè)增強(qiáng)前序列+6個(gè)連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)序列(SPGR 3D ),采集時(shí)間為450 s,高壓注射造影劑,0.2 mmol/kg體重Gd-DTPA (矢狀位:TR/TE=6.6/2.2 ms,反轉(zhuǎn)角:15°,3 mm);⑤DWI序列采用平面回波技術(shù)(TR/TE= 9 355/78.5 ms,矩陣:128×128,激勵(lì)次數(shù):4,感興趣區(qū):280 mm,層厚:5 mm,間距:0 mm,采集時(shí)間為245 s,表觀彌散系數(shù)(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值的定量分析往往受到b值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的選擇以及其他參數(shù)的影響,因此,在本研究中,我們在部分病例中進(jìn)行了多b值的對照分析[6-7],74例采用了b值為800 s/mm2,其中49例取b值分別為400、600和800 s/mm2做對照比較;⑥延遲掃描采用了雙乳橫斷位SPGR T1WI序列。
1.3 乳腺磁共振圖像后處理
所有圖像均經(jīng)GE ADW4.1工作站中的Functool 2軟件進(jìn)行后處理。采用雙盲法分別由2名乳腺放射醫(yī)師(從事乳腺放射診斷最少3年)獨(dú)立先進(jìn)行DWI數(shù)據(jù)處理并診斷,然后再進(jìn)行DCE的數(shù)據(jù)處理并診斷分析,如意見不一,經(jīng)討論后以高年資醫(yī)師為準(zhǔn),如遇DWI、DCE各自發(fā)現(xiàn)的病灶不匹配,則視未發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病灶的檢查組為漏診處理,如遇無論哪組檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病灶但不與手術(shù)區(qū)域匹配者,也視該檢查組為漏診處理。在后處理DWI圖像時(shí),以往文獻(xiàn)均以DCE發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病灶作為參考[8-11],本研究僅根據(jù)臨床病史及乳腺X線提供的可疑異常直接在DWI圖上找可疑病灶(高信號區(qū))并設(shè)感興趣區(qū),計(jì)算ADC絕對值。公式如下:ADC=(1/bi-b0)ln(Si/S0),S0為b=0 s/mm2采集的信號強(qiáng)度,Si為不同梯度條件下的第i采集的信號強(qiáng)度(b值分別為400、600和800 s/mm2)。感興趣區(qū)在可疑病灶的最大層面選取,盡量避開明顯的壞死區(qū)域,根據(jù)病灶
的大小感興趣區(qū)面積取26~100 mm2;如果病灶大小超過兩個(gè)象限或以上,則采用多個(gè)實(shí)性成分區(qū)域取材然后求平均數(shù)的方法。取同側(cè)正常乳腺組織ADC值(乳腺組織同病灶內(nèi)感興趣區(qū)大小一致),參考Khouli等[12]的方法計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值,公式如下:ADC0=ADCL/ADCN(ADC0為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值。ADCL為病灶的ADC絕對值,ADCN為正常乳腺纖維腺體的ADC絕對值)。
DCE診斷參考北美放射學(xué)會(huì)提出的乳腺圖像和數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告分類系統(tǒng)(Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System,BI-RADS)[13]。BIRADS分類4、5評估為惡性病變、BI-RADS分類1、2、3評估為良性病變,不做0類評估。結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)和動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)曲線綜合分析來評估病灶的良惡性。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
運(yùn)用STATA(12.0版本)統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。用Pearson相關(guān)性法分析來比較不同b值情況下正常乳腺的平均ADC值。運(yùn)用two-sample Wilcoxon ranksum(Mann-Whitney)和Bartlett試驗(yàn)來進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值、ADC絕對值、乳腺纖維腺體分型與病理分型的相關(guān)性分析。通過繪制感受性曲線(ROC曲線)來評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值和ADC絕對值在鑒別乳腺良惡性病變中的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,通過約登指數(shù)來計(jì)算出乳腺良惡性病變鑒別的閾值。
2.1 病理結(jié)果
在74例中,64例由手術(shù)病理證實(shí),而10例乳腺X線發(fā)現(xiàn)異常(BI-RADS為3類),DWI及DCE檢查均未發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病灶,并經(jīng)隨訪2年無變化。62例經(jīng)DCE檢出,檢出率為96.88%;60例病灶經(jīng)DWI檢出,檢出率為93.75%,2例病灶磁共振檢查無發(fā)現(xiàn),但臨床懷疑有腫塊而行手術(shù)局部切除(病理為單純?nèi)橄俨?。64例中,38例為惡性腫瘤,26例為良性病變(表1)。DCE和DWI在惡性腫瘤中的檢出率為100%(38/38),而數(shù)字乳腺X線誤診率為5.2%(2/38),漏診率為7.8%(3/38)。而在良性病變中,2例單純性乳腺病僅經(jīng)DCE檢出。
表 1 DCE與DWI的病灶檢出率在病理結(jié)果中的比較Tab. 1 Comparison of malignant lesions detected by DCE and DWI in pathologic findings (n)
2.2 ADC值
當(dāng)b值為400、600和800 s/mm2時(shí),正常乳腺組織平均ADC值分別為2.06±0.43、1.89±0.38和1.80±0.41 mm2/s,b值為800 s/mm2時(shí)的平均ADC值最高。然而,在乳腺良惡性病變鑒別中,當(dāng)b值分別為400、600和800 s/mm2時(shí),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值與ADC絕對值在ROC曲線面積下,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05,圖1)。無論是平均ADC絕對值還是平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值,良性和惡性病變的平均ADC值差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),惡性腫瘤ADC值顯著低于良性病變(表2)。經(jīng)約登指數(shù)計(jì)算出乳腺良惡性病變鑒別的ADC閾值,當(dāng)b值為400、600和800 s/mm2時(shí),ADC絕對值分別為1.53×10-3、1.51×10-3和1.41×10-3mm2/s,據(jù)此DWI靈敏度為83.33%、90.00%和93.33%,特異度為85.91%、76.19%和72.72%。參照BI-RADS分類4、5視為惡性病變?yōu)殚撝担珼CE的靈敏度和特異度分別為86.61%和90.48%。
圖 1 分別在不同b值條件下,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值和ADC絕對值在乳腺良惡性病變鑒別中的ROC曲線Fig. 1 The ROC curves of standardized ADC values and absolute ADC values at different b-values in differentiating malignant breast lesions from benign lesions
表 2 ADC絕對值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值在良惡性病變中的比較Tab. 2 Comparison of mean absolute ADC and standardized ADC values in benign and malignant lesions
DCE對于乳腺癌的檢出率具有很高的靈敏度,但其缺點(diǎn)是需注射造影劑,有報(bào)道稱部分腎透析患者在使用造影劑后出現(xiàn)腎功能下降,甚至進(jìn)展為腎纖維化;因此,無創(chuàng)傷性、無不良反應(yīng)的技術(shù)方法是近年來研究的熱點(diǎn)。DWI是唯一利用磁共振觀察活體組織水分子擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng)的成像方法,且無需造影劑的優(yōu)勢越來越受到廣大放射學(xué)者的關(guān)注[14-19]。隨著DWI技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn),從最初的腦檢查,尤其是腦缺血等疾病的診斷發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的全身檢查,其對乳腺癌診斷的檢出率和靈敏度得到了很大的提高,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道檢出率可達(dá)86.2%~91.2%[20-24],靈敏度可達(dá)80.0%~97.2%[25-30]。在本研究中,當(dāng)b值取600和800 s/mm2時(shí),單純依靠DWI診斷的靈敏度分別是90.0%和93.3%,高于單純DCE(靈敏度為86.6%),在惡性病變中,DWI和DCE則達(dá)到了同樣的效果(檢出率均為100%),顯著優(yōu)于數(shù)字乳腺X線檢查。在惡性腫瘤檢出率中,本研究結(jié)果高于文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,但靈敏度和特異度卻略低于Palle等[26]的結(jié)果,從病例選取分析,Palle等[26]選擇的病灶均大于10 mm,并剔除單純囊性表現(xiàn)而病理證實(shí)是惡性的病例,而我們
病灶的選擇范圍較大,因此更適合于良惡性病灶的篩選。
DCE在乳腺良惡性病變鑒別中都需要結(jié)合形態(tài)學(xué)和動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)曲線進(jìn)行綜合分析,這在很大程度上依靠閱片者的主觀判斷和經(jīng)驗(yàn),而在DWI診斷中,可用ADC值做定量分析來進(jìn)行客觀的判斷。從ADC值的計(jì)算公式可以看出,采用低b值還是高b值都會(huì)影響ADC值的定量分析[11,31-33],低b值主要反應(yīng)局部組織的微循環(huán)血流灌注效應(yīng),不能較好地反映組織內(nèi)水分子的彌散運(yùn)動(dòng)而不被推薦使用,目前廣泛應(yīng)用的b值范圍為500~800 s/mm2[14,34-35]。在本研究中,不同b值條件下良、惡性病變的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但隨著b值的升高,DWI的診斷靈敏度也隨之升高,當(dāng)b值為800 s/mm2,閾值為1.41×10-3mm2/s時(shí),靈敏度為93.33%,同文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[14,34-35]基本一致。此外,不同b值條件下正常乳腺平均ADC值也有差異,如本研究統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,b值為800 s/mm2時(shí),平均ADC值高于b值為400、600 s/mm2時(shí),為了避免不同b值對ADC值的影響,Khouli等[12]曾建議運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值可提高乳腺良惡性病變的診斷正確率。但我們發(fā)現(xiàn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值和ADC絕對值在鑒別乳腺良惡性病變中差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這可能與我們隨機(jī)選擇的患者有2/3為絕經(jīng)后患者,而在Khouli等[12]的研究中,絕經(jīng)前與絕經(jīng)后患者比例為1∶1有關(guān),因此我們的建議是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化ADC值和ADC絕對值均可運(yùn)用于乳腺良惡性病變的鑒別,尤其適用于絕經(jīng)后患者,但這還需要擴(kuò)大樣本量來進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
DCE圖像的采集時(shí)間是DWI的兩倍,過長的采集時(shí)間可導(dǎo)致患者生理和心理上的不適,尤其是對體弱、噪聲敏感的患者。因此,相對于DCE來說,DWI更容易贏得患者的青睞。
DWI在乳腺磁共振檢查中有很多的優(yōu)越性,如在乳腺良惡性病變鑒別中具有很高的靈敏度和檢出率、掃描短、無需造影劑、不受主觀判斷影響診斷,是繼常規(guī)乳腺增強(qiáng)磁共振檢查的重要補(bǔ)充方法。
[1] BURHENNE H J, BURHENNE L W, GOLDBERG F, et al. Interval breast cancers in the Screening Mammography Program of British Columbus: analysis and classification[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1994, 162(5): 1067-1075.
[2] BOYD N F, LOCKWOOD G A, MARTIN L J, et al. Mammographic densities and breast cancer risk[J]. Breast Dis, 1998, 10(3-4): 113-126.
[3] THOMSEN H S. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a serious late adverse reaction to gadodiamide[J]. Eur Radiol, 2006, 16(12): 2619-2621.
[4] GROBNER T. Gadolinium-a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?[J] . Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2006, 21(4): 1104-1108.
[5] MARCKMANN P, SKOV L, ROSSEN K, et al. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: suspected etiological role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2006, 17(9): 2359-2362.
[6] BRAND?O A C, LEHMAN C D, PARTRIDGE S C. Breast magnetic resonance imaging: diffusion-weighted imaging[J]. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am, 2013, 21(2): 321-336.
[7] ORGUC S, BASARA I, COSKUN T. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the breast: comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient values of normal breast tissue with benign and malignant breast lesions[J]. Singapore Med J, 2012, 53(11): 737-743.
[8] CAKIR O, ARSLAN A, INAN N, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic performances of diffusion parameters in diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of breast lesions[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2013, 82(12): e801-e806.
[9] PINKER K, BICKEL H, HELBICH T H, et al. Combined contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance and diffusionweighted imaging reading adapted to the “Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System” for multiparametric 3-T imaging of breast lesions[J]. Eur Radiol, 2013, 23(7): 1791-1802.
[10] PARTRIDGE S C, MULLINS C D, KURLAND B F, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient values for discriminating benign and malignant breast MRI lesions: effects of lesion type and size[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2010, 194(6): 1664-1673.
[11] WOODHAMS R, INOUE Y, RAMADAN S, et al. Diffusionweighted Imaging of the Breast: Comparison of B-values 1000 s/mm2and 1500 s/mm2[J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2013, 12(3): 229-234.
[12] KHOULI R H, JACOBS M A, MEZBAN S D, et al. Diffusionweighted imaging improves the diagnostic accuracy of conventional 3.0-T breast MR imaging[J]. Radiology, 2010, 256(1): 64-73.
[13] American College of Radiology (ACR). Breast imaging reporting and data system atlas (BI-RADS Atlas)[M]. 4th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, 2003.
[14] PARTRIDGE S C, DEMARTINI W B, KURLAND B F, et al. Differential diagnosis of mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2010, 31(3): 562-570.
[15] WOODHAMS R, RAMADAN S, STANWELL P, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast: principles and clinical applications[J]. Radiographics, 2011, 31(4): 1059-1084.
[16] WOODHAMS R, MATSUNAGA K, KAN S, et al. ADC mapping of benign and malignant breast tumors[J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2005, 4(1): 35-42.
[17] DEGANI H, GUSIS V, WEINSTEIN D, et al. Mapping pathophysiological features of breast tumors by MRI at high spatial resolution[J]. Nat Med, 1997, 3(7): 780-782.
[18] PARK S H, MOON W K, CHO N, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: pretreatment prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer[J]. Radiology, 2010, 257(1): 56-63.
[19] HATAKENAKA M, SPEDA H, YABUUCHI H, et al. Apparent diffusion coeffients of breast tumors: clinical application[J]. Magn Reson Med Sci, 2008, 7(1): 23-29.
[20] PALLE L, REDDY B. Role of diffusion MRI in characterizing benign and malignant breast lesions[J]. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2009, 19(4): 287-290.
[21] PARK M J, CHA E S, KANG B J, et al. The role of diffusionweighted imaging and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for breast tumors[J]. Korean J Radiol, 2007, 8(5): 390-396.
[22] TOZAKI M, FUKUMA E. 1H MR spectroscopy and diffusionweighted imaging of the breast: are they useful tools for characterizing breast lesions before biopsy?[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 193(3): 840-849.
[23] YABUUCHI H, MATSUO Y, KAMITANI T, et al. Differential diagnosis capability between benign and malignant breast tumors by the combination of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging: assessment with ROC analysis[J]. Med Imaging Inf, 2007, 39(10): 930-935.
[24] NAKAJIMA M, NITORI T, MATSUDA M, et al. Clinical application of MRI echoplanar diffusion-weighted imaging (EPI-DWI) for breast cancer diagnosis[J]. Jpn J Med Imaging, 2008, 27(9): 9-21.
[25] MARINI C, IACCONI C, GIANNELLI M, et al. Quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of breast lesion[J]. Eur Radiol, 2007, 17(10): 2646-2655.
[26] PALLE L, REDDY B. Role of diffusion MRI in characterizing benign and malignant breast lesions[J]. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2009, 19(4): 287-290.
[27] GUO Y, CAI Y Q, CAI Z L, et al. Differentiation of clinically benign and malignant breast lesions using diffusion-weighted imaging[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2002, 16(2): 172-178.
[28] ZHANG Y L, HUANG X Y, DU H W, et al. The value of diffusion-weighted imaging in assessing the ADC changes of tissues adjacent to breast carcinoma[J]. BMC Cancer, 2009, 9: 18.
[29] WOODHAMS R, MATSUNAGA K, IWABUCHI K, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging of malignant breast tumors: the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and ADC map for the detection of malignant breast tumors and evaluation of cancer extension[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2005, 29(5): 644-649.
[30] PEREIRA F P, MARTINS G, FIGUEIREDO E, et al. Assessment of breast lesions with diffusion-weighted MRI: comparing the use of different b values[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2009, 193(4): 1030-1035.
[31] ZHAO H L, WEI M,WANG D B, et al. Analysis of MRI misdiagnosis in malignant or benign mammary lesions[J]. J Diagn Concepts Pract, 2009, 8(3): 309-311.
[32] BYDLON T M, KENNEDY S A, RICHARDS L M, et al. Performance metrics of an optical spectral imaging system for operative assessment of breast tumor margins[J]. Opt Express, 2010, 18(8): 8058-8076.
[33] HAKA A S, VOLYNSKAYA Z, GARDECKI J A, et al. In vivo margin assessment during partial mastectomy breast surgery using raman spectroscopy[J]. Cancer Res, 2006, 66(6): 3317-3122.
[34] BOGNER W, GRUBER S, PINKER K, et al. Diffusionweighted MR for differentiation of breast lesions at 3.0 T: how does selection of diffusion protocols affect diagnosis[J]. Radiology, 2009, 253(2): 341-351
[35] KUROKI Y, NASU K. Advances in breast MRI: diffu sionweighted imaging of the breast[J]. Breast Cancer, 2008, 15(3): 212-217.
The role of diffusion-weighted imaging for breast MRI
MIN Qinghua, YANG Jun, SHAO Kangwei,
ZHU Caisong, YUAN Lixin, XU Huiling, LI Peng, LU Wenjie (Department of Image, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, China)
YANG Jun E-mail: yj_shtr@163.com
Background and purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive technique of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DWI is an alternative to dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for differentiating malignant from benign lesions in breast screening or not. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of DWI in differentiating malignant breast lesions from benign lesions. Methods: Seventy-four patients underwent digital mammography, DCE and DWI (49 patients’ b-value of 0, 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2). The detectability, sensitivity and specificity of DWI and DCE were compared. Absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was compared with standardized ADC for quantitative analysis. Results: Sixty-four of 74 patients had positive pathologic findings (38 malignant, 26 benign). All of the malignant lesions were detected on DWI and DCE. The sensitivity of DWI was 83.33%, 90.00% and 93.33%, and the specificity was 85.91%, 76.19% and 72.72%, for b-value of 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of DCE were 86.61% and 90.48%. There was no significant difference between absolute and standardized ADC in detecting breast cancer (P>0.05). Conclusion: DWI is an important complemented technique to DCE-MRI for differentiating malignant from benign lesions in breast MRI.
Diffusion-weighted imaging; Dynamic contrast-enhanced; Magnetic resonance imaging; Breast cancer
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2015.08.007
R730.44
A
1007-3639(2015)08-0602-06
2015-02-06
2015-04-15)
楊軍 E-mail:yj_shtr@163.com