欒超 陳浩 楊永紅 姜祎群 劉毅 陳敏 王寶璽
·論著·
銀屑病患者皮膚中T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞的檢測及臨床意義
欒超 陳浩 楊永紅 姜祎群 劉毅 陳敏 王寶璽
目的 研究銀屑病患者皮膚中CD4+和CD8+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞的關(guān)系和臨床意義。方法 取29例進(jìn)行期銀屑病患者皮損和非皮損、5例消退期患者皮損和非皮損及6例健康人皮膚。免疫組化檢測CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量和分布,并對比基底層黑素細(xì)胞和色素顆粒情況。采用SPSS18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),兩組間比較采用最小顯著差異法(LSD),相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果 銀屑病患者皮損中每個高倍(×200)視野CD4+T細(xì)胞平均數(shù)(表皮5.29±4.66,真皮77.50±43.66)明顯高于非皮損(表皮為0,真皮9.67±7.73),皮損與非皮損比較,均P<0.05;而CD8+T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量(表皮7.83±6.27,真皮46.08±34.26)亦明顯高于非皮損(表皮0.71±1.20,真皮5.54±4.43),皮損與非皮損比較,均P<0.05。與健康對照皮膚相比,銀屑病患者皮損中CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞均明顯增多,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05)。銀屑病皮損處基底層黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量(103.45±16.96)明顯高于非皮損(43.62±14.20,P<0.05)及健康人皮膚(P<0.05),但色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例(7.45%±3.86%)明顯低于非皮損(43.10%±14.91%,P<0.05)及健康人皮膚(P<0.05)。非皮損處CD8+T細(xì)胞、CD4+T細(xì)胞、黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例與健康人比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。消退期皮損黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量高于消退后白斑(P<0.05),色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例略低于消退后白斑,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;與健康人比較,消退期皮損黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量高,而色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例低,均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(均P<0.05),消退后白斑的黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量與健康人比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例降低(P<0.05)。進(jìn)行期患者皮損中CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例均無相關(guān)性(均P>0.05),而非皮損中CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)呈正相關(guān)(r值分別為0.46和0.56,均P<0.05),但與色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例無明顯相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 在銀屑病進(jìn)行期皮損中,CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞明顯增多,基底層黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,但色素顆粒明顯減少;皮損消退后,黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量及色素顆粒逐漸接近健康人水平。
銀屑??;T淋巴細(xì)胞;黑素細(xì)胞;CD8陽性T淋巴細(xì)胞;CD4陽性T淋巴細(xì)胞
銀屑病是具有遺傳背景的T細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的慢性炎癥性疾病,嚴(yán)重時累及關(guān)節(jié)和內(nèi)臟器官,易并發(fā)代謝綜合征和心臟疾病。臨床上發(fā)現(xiàn)患者皮損消退后往往會留下色素減退斑,但對其機(jī)制并不清楚。以往研究[1-3]證實(shí),一些神經(jīng)相關(guān)因子參與銀屑病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。來源于神經(jīng)嵴的黑素細(xì)胞在該病的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起何作用,有關(guān)研究較少。我們研究銀屑病患者皮損、非皮損和消退后皮損中T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞的關(guān)系,分析其臨床意義。
34例斑塊狀銀屑病患者來源于2013年9月至2014年1月中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院皮膚病醫(yī)院門診患者,經(jīng)臨床和(或)組織病理診斷為銀屑病,男21例,女13例,年齡 19~56(30.9±11.2)歲,病程 1個月至20年,銀屑病皮損面積與嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(PASI)評分3.8~46。皮膚鉆孔采集同一患者皮損和非皮損組織(均取自背部),其中5例患者取消退期皮損(原有皮損縮小變平,炎癥浸潤消退,鱗屑減少,周圍出現(xiàn)淺色暈)[4]及消退后白斑(皮損消退后遺留暫時性色素減退斑)[4](均取自背部)。6例健康人對照皮膚來源于我院皮膚外科整形手術(shù)多余的正常皮膚(取自背部),其中男 5例,女 1例,年齡 19~46(32.2±8.6)歲。患者和健康對照組性別、年齡比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),患者簽署知情同意書。
兔抗人CD4和CD8單克隆抗體均產(chǎn)自沙特阿拉伯Abcam公司,分別按1∶250和1∶500稀釋。枸櫞酸抗原修復(fù)緩沖液、內(nèi)源性過氧化氫酶抑制劑、非免疫動物血清(羊)、辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標(biāo)記抗羊鼠IgG和抗兔IgG、二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB)顯色試劑盒、蘇木素和中性樹膠均產(chǎn)自福州邁新生物技術(shù)有限公司。
1.組織病理檢查:在軀干皮損處按常規(guī)鉆孔取直徑約5 mm皮膚標(biāo)本,經(jīng)固定、脫水、石蠟包埋、連續(xù)切片厚 5 μm,蘇木素-伊紅(HE)染色,光鏡下觀察皮膚基底層黑素細(xì)胞和色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)量。
2.免疫組化:將組織制成蠟塊后連續(xù)切成5 μm薄片,置于多聚賴氨酸處理的防脫載玻片上;在孵箱60℃烤片2 h,二甲苯脫蠟和梯度乙醇水化;用枸櫞酸緩沖液高壓3 min進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù),PBS清洗后加過氧化氫酶抑制劑孵育10 min,磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)清洗,非免疫羊血清孵育10 min,除去血清后滴加適當(dāng)稀釋的兔抗人CD4或CD8單克隆抗體(一抗),空白對照組加PBS代替,4℃孵育過夜;PBS清洗后滴加HRP標(biāo)記的抗兔IgG(二抗),孵育10mim后清洗,DAB顯色,蘇木素復(fù)染,鹽酸乙醇分化后中性樹膠封片。所有切片均在同一質(zhì)控條件下進(jìn)行,設(shè)陽性和陰性對照。
3.結(jié)果判定:CD4陽性表達(dá)定位于細(xì)胞膜和胞質(zhì),CD8陽性表達(dá)定位于細(xì)胞膜,結(jié)果均為黃色或棕黃色顆粒,黑素細(xì)胞為基底層有黃褐色帽狀結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)胞。計(jì)算5個顯微鏡高倍視野(×200)下的陽性表達(dá)T細(xì)胞平均個數(shù)、黑素細(xì)胞平均數(shù)及黑素陽性細(xì)胞在表皮細(xì)胞中所占比例。
4.數(shù)據(jù)處理:采用SPSS18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)采用±s,結(jié)果行方差齊性檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),兩組間比較采用最小顯著差異法(LSD)。相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
圖1 銀屑病皮損(1A)、非皮損(1B)及健康對照皮膚(1C)CD4染色結(jié)果(×200) 銀屑病皮損染色陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯多于非皮損和健康對照皮膚
圖2 銀屑病皮損(2A)、非皮損(2B)及健康對照組皮膚(2C)的CD8染色結(jié)果(×200) 銀屑病皮損染色陽性細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯多于非皮損和健康對照皮膚
圖3 銀屑病皮損(3A,HE×100)、非皮損(3B,HE×200)及健康對照皮膚(3C,免疫組化×200)的基底層黑素細(xì)胞及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞情況
銀屑病患者皮損中CD4+T細(xì)胞及CD8+T細(xì)胞分布廣泛,表皮、真皮均有分布,而非皮損及健康人皮膚中則主要分布于真皮?;颊咂p基底層黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量明顯多于非皮損及健康人皮膚,但色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例卻明顯低于非皮損及健康人皮膚。見圖1~3。進(jìn)行期銀屑病患者皮損表皮及真皮中CD4+T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量均較非皮損明顯增多(均P<0.05),CD8+T細(xì)胞亦較非皮損顯著增多(均P<0.05)。皮損基底層黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量較非皮損明顯增多(P<0.05),但色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例卻明顯低于非皮損(P<0.05)。進(jìn)行期銀屑病患者皮損與健康對照組比較,表皮、真皮中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞、黑素細(xì)胞均明顯增多(均P<0.05),但是色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例明顯降低(P<0.05);而非皮損組與健康對照組差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。見表1、2。
表1 銀屑病患者皮膚每高倍視野(×200)中CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)(±s)
表1 銀屑病患者皮膚每高倍視野(×200)中CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)(±s)
注:a:與非皮損組比較,P < 0.05;b:與健康人對照組比較,P < 0.05
組別 例數(shù)銀屑病皮損組 24 5.29±4.66ab 77.50±43.66ab 7.83±6.27ab 46.08±34.26ab銀屑病非皮損組 24 0 9.67±7.73 0.71±1.20 5.54±4.43健康人對照組 6 0 13.00±8.60 0 15.17±5.49 F值 25.08 32.92 30.04 23.97 P值 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 CD4+T細(xì)胞表皮 真皮CD8+T細(xì)胞表皮 真皮
表2 銀屑病患者皮膚中黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞所占比例(±s)
表2 銀屑病患者皮膚中黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞所占比例(±s)
注:a:與銀屑病非皮損組比較,P<0.05;b:與健康人對照組比較,P<0.05;c:與消退后白斑組比較,P<0.05
組別 例數(shù) 基底層黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例(%)銀屑病皮損組 29 103.45±16.96ab 7.45±3.86ab銀屑病非皮損組 29 43.62±14.20 43.10±14.91消退期銀屑病皮損組 5 80.00±21.21bc 21.00±11.40bc銀屑病皮損消退后白斑組 5 48.00±8.37 32.00±4.47b健康人對照組 6 43.33±14.02 54.17±29.40 F值 61.54 34.76 P值 <0.05 <0.05
皮損消退后白斑較消退期皮損黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少(P<0.05),色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例則增加(P<0.05)。而消退后白斑與健康人對照組皮膚比較,黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例減少(P<0.05)。見表2。
進(jìn)行期患者皮損中CD4+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例(r值分別為0.32、0.05)及CD8+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例(r值分別為 0.36、0.25)均無相關(guān)性(P > 0.05);而非皮損中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)呈正相關(guān)(r分別為0.46和0.56,均P<0.05),但是與色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例則無相關(guān)性(r值分別為0.22、0.02,P > 0.05)。
銀屑病發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,受遺傳和環(huán)境因素的雙重影響,主要表現(xiàn)為T細(xì)胞的炎性浸潤和表皮角化過度及角化不全[5]。T細(xì)胞活化后,主要分化為CD4+和CD8+兩大亞群,產(chǎn)生皮膚淋巴細(xì)胞相關(guān)抗原(CLA)、細(xì)胞內(nèi)黏附分子(ICAM-1)和血管細(xì)胞間黏附分子(VCAM-1)等表面分子,使其可以從血管遷移至皮膚,分泌多種細(xì)胞因子如白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23、IL-6、IL-22、干擾素γ(IFN-γ)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)及IL-2等,刺激角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞異常增殖和分化。目前公認(rèn)CD4+T細(xì)胞在銀屑病的發(fā)病機(jī)制中發(fā)揮中心作用,啟動該病發(fā)作,CD8+T細(xì)胞可能在皮損維持中起作用。動物模型試驗(yàn)顯示,CD4+T細(xì)胞可以誘導(dǎo)銀屑病的發(fā)生,在皮膚異種移植物模型試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),CD4+T細(xì)胞可以誘導(dǎo)來源于銀屑病患者的正常皮膚發(fā)生銀屑?。?]。隨著皮膚細(xì)胞分離技術(shù)的發(fā)展,發(fā)現(xiàn)皮膚中的一些新T細(xì)胞亞群,包括 CD4+T 細(xì)胞(大部分為 Th1、Th2、Th17、Th22,極少 Treg)、CD8+T 細(xì)胞、γδ T 和 NKT 細(xì)胞等[7-8]。近期有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),銀屑病患者發(fā)病時皮損中約20%的CD8+T細(xì)胞能分泌IL-17,18.7%分泌IL-22,其中部分CD8+T細(xì)胞還能同時分泌IL-17和IL-22,證實(shí)銀屑病患者皮膚中CD8+T細(xì)胞也是IL-17、IL-22和IFN-γ的重要來源[9]。我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在銀屑病患者皮損中CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞均遠(yuǎn)多于非皮損及健康人皮膚,CD4+T細(xì)胞主要分布在表皮與真皮,而CD8+T細(xì)胞主要分布在真皮和真表皮交界處。以上實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與以往獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[9-10]。
銀屑病患者皮損消退后遺留色素沉著或者色素減退斑是臨床上常見的現(xiàn)象,提示黑素細(xì)胞參與銀屑病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。黑素細(xì)胞來源于神經(jīng)嵴,可以分泌多種信號分子,包括細(xì)胞因子、神經(jīng)肽以及神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)物質(zhì)等,可以影響角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞等,進(jìn)而起到維持表皮環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)的作用。據(jù)推測,在銀屑病中,黑素細(xì)胞可能是表皮的刺激感受器,受刺激的黑素細(xì)胞通過分泌信號因子及細(xì)胞間連接將信號傳至角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞,然后共同產(chǎn)生更多的炎癥因子,引發(fā)銀屑病發(fā)病[1-3]。這可以解釋為什么銀屑病皮損通常對稱分布,多為圓形或橢圓形,而且容易被精神因素所誘發(fā)或加重等[11]。
每個黑素細(xì)胞通過樹突與30~40個角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞相連,組成一個黑素單位,基底層的黑素細(xì)胞與角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞的比例約為1∶10[12]。黑素細(xì)胞、角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞以及成纖維細(xì)胞通過細(xì)胞間直接聯(lián)系和分泌各種細(xì)胞因子而相互作用。黑素細(xì)胞的增殖、分化以及功能受到多種信號途徑的交互作用,如絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途徑、黑素細(xì)胞刺激素/環(huán)磷酸腺苷/激酶 A(α-MSH/cAMP/PKA)途徑以及內(nèi)皮素/激酶C(PKC)途徑等,且受到環(huán)境(主要是紫外線)以及角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和成纖維細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子的影響[12]。
在銀屑病發(fā)病過程中,角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞過度增殖伴分化異常,且有大量的炎癥因子過度表達(dá)。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TNF和IL-17兩種炎癥因子在銀屑病皮損中表達(dá)升高,誘導(dǎo)角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和黑素細(xì)胞增殖,導(dǎo)致皮損基底層的黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,但同時黑素生成能力卻受到抑制[3]。這與我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的銀屑病患者皮損中黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量增多但黑素陽性細(xì)胞比例減少一致。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),在接受依那西普治療的患者中,大多數(shù)都會遺留色素沉著斑。這可能與依那西普阻斷TNF從而導(dǎo)致黑素生成能力迅速恢復(fù)有關(guān)[3]。臨床上我們觀察到使用阿維A治療的患者往往會在皮損消退后遺留色素減退斑,我們檢測5例經(jīng)系統(tǒng)阿維A治療的患者消退期皮損的情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)量及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例與健康人皮膚差距減小,消退后白斑進(jìn)一步接近但仍然沒有達(dá)到健康人水平,分析某些炎癥因子可能持續(xù)存在,局部的黑素生成能力尚未完全恢復(fù),但是,白斑的臨床意義有待進(jìn)一步研究。
在該研究中,我們還分析了CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞的相關(guān)性,發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行期銀屑病患者皮損中CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)及色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例均無相關(guān)性,而非皮損中CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞數(shù)與黑素細(xì)胞數(shù)有中等程度正相關(guān)性,但與色素顆粒陽性細(xì)胞比例無明顯相關(guān)性。表明CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞與黑素細(xì)胞在數(shù)量上可能并無明顯相關(guān)性。
綜上所述,基底層黑素細(xì)胞可能在銀屑病的發(fā)病中起到一定作用。由于消退期皮損獲得困難,本研究的樣本量較小,而且正常皮膚標(biāo)本與皮損及非皮損標(biāo)本來源部位無法完全一致,也可能造成本研究結(jié)果一定程度的偏差。關(guān)于黑素細(xì)胞在銀屑病發(fā)病機(jī)制中的確切作用需要進(jìn)一步深入研究。
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Detection of T cells and melanocytes in skin of patients with psoriasis and their clinical significance
Luan Chao,Chen Hao,Yang Yonghong,Jiang Yiqun,Liu Yi,Chen Min,Wang Baoxi.Hospital of Dermatology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs,Nanjing 210042,China
Chen Min,Email:drchenmin@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of CD4+and CD8+T cells with melanocytes in skin of patients with psoriasis,and to study their clinical significance.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from both lesional and nonlesional skin of 29 patients with progressive psoriasis and 5 patients with regressive psoriasis,as well as from normal skin of 6 healthy individuals.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the quantity and distribution of CD4+T and CD8+T cells,as well as the quantity of melanocytes and proportion of cells containing pigment granules in the basal layer of these specimens.Statistical analysis was carried out with the software SPSS 18.0 by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),least significant difference(LSD)test and Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsIn patients with psoriasis,the mean number of CD4+T cells per high-power(× 200)field was significantly larger in lesional skin than in nonlesional skin(epidermis:5.29±4.66 vs.0,P<0.05;dermis:77.50±43.66 vs.9.67±7.73,P<0.05),so was the mean number of CD8+T cells per high-power(×200)field(epidermis:7.83±6.27 vs.0.71±1.20,P<0.05;dermis:46.08±34.26 vs.5.54±4.43,P<0.05).A significant increase was also observed in the number of CD4+and CD8+T cells in lesional skin of patients with psoriasis compared with the normal control skin (bothP<0.05).The lesional skin of patients with psoriasis also showed significantly increased number of melanocytes(103.45 ± 16.96),but decreased proportion of pigment granule-containing cells(7.45% ±3.86%)in the basal layer compared with nonlesionalskin(43.62±14.20,P<0.05;43.10%±14.91%,P<0.05)and normal control skin(43.33±14.02,P<0.05;54.17%±29.40%,P < 0.05).There were no significant differences in either the mean number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and melanocytes or the proportion of pigment granule-containing cells between nonlesional psoriatic skin and normal control skin(allP > 0.05).The mean number of melanocytes was significantly higher in regressive psoriatic lesions than in white patches arising in subsided psoriatic lesions(P<0.05)and normal control skin(P<0.05),but similar between white patches and normal control skin (P>0.05),while the proportion of pigment granule-containing cells was insignificantly lower in regressive psoriatic lesions than in white patches(P>0.05),and significantly lower in regressive psoriatic lesions and white patches than in normal control skin (bothP<0.05).Neither the number of CD4+T cells nor that of CD8+T cells was correlated with the number of melanocytes or the proportion of pigment granule-containing cells in progressive psoriatic lesions(bothP>0.05),while the number of both CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells was positively correlated with that of melanocytes(r=0.46 and 0.56,respectively,bothP<0.05),but uncorrelated with the proportion of pigment granule-containing cells in nonlesional psoriatic skin(bothP > 0.05).ConclusionsIn progressive psoriatic lesions,there is a significant increase in the number of CD4+and CD8+T cells as well as melanocytes in the basal layer,but a significant decrease in the proportion of pigment granule-containing cells.After subsidence of psoriatic lesions,both the number of melanocytes and proportion of pigment granule-containing cells gradually reach the levels in normal skin of healthy individuals.
Psoriasis;T-lymphocytes;Melanocytes;CD8-positive T-lymphocytes;CD4-positive T-lymphocytes
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2015.04.006
衛(wèi)生部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)(201002016)
210042南京,中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院皮膚病醫(yī)院,江蘇省皮膚病與性病分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
陳敏,Email:drchenmin@126.com
2014-06-05)
(本文編輯:尚淑賢)