顧祖良
摘 要: 在由王正元和王衛(wèi)新編著,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社于2005年出版的《注意你的英語慣用法》中,存在大量的英語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則,這些規(guī)則不符合現(xiàn)代英語語言的實(shí)際用法情況,很有可能誤導(dǎo)讀者。針對(duì)這些錯(cuò)誤,本文試分析其原因,提供大量示例,并糾正錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則。
關(guān)鍵詞: 英語 慣用法 錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則
《注意你的英語慣用法》總結(jié)了大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)及考研英語中的核心詞匯用法,重點(diǎn)說明了單詞慣用法及短語慣用法,并列有大量正誤句對(duì)比可以幫助讀者對(duì)單詞、句法進(jìn)行理解。但是,由于本書作者在介紹一些英語單詞慣用法的規(guī)則時(shí),可能忽視了現(xiàn)代英語中一些規(guī)則的變化這一事實(shí),過于武斷,使得書中存在大量的英語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則,這些規(guī)則不符合現(xiàn)代英語語言的實(shí)際用法情況,極可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)讀者。本文舉出一些實(shí)例,分析錯(cuò)誤的原因,提供大量示例,糾正錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則,供讀者參考,也同原作者商榷。
一、有關(guān)although或(even)though 能否同yet連用的問題
如果第一個(gè)句子開頭用although或(even)though,第二句就不用yet或者but。(P.63)
筆者認(rèn)為以上規(guī)則只對(duì)了一半。第一個(gè)句子開頭用although或(even)though,第二句就不用but,這是符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣的。但是,第二句前完全可用連接副詞yet,能起到強(qiáng)調(diào)反面的作用。 例如:
1.Though (Although) the factory is small,yet its products are of very good quality.工廠雖小,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量很高。
2.Though he lives alone,yet he is happy.盡管他獨(dú)自居住,但他很高興。
3.Although I believe it,yet I must consider.雖然我相信,但我還得考慮考慮。
二、有關(guān)though和although引導(dǎo)從句的位置問題
表示讓步最簡單的辦法是用連詞though和although,其區(qū)分是although只能用于句子開頭。(P.196)
筆者認(rèn)為以上規(guī)則有誤,有過于絕對(duì)之嫌。在現(xiàn)代英語中,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,其位置除了常用于句首外,也可放在主句之后、主從句之間,常用逗號(hào)隔開,有時(shí)也可不用。例如:
1.We lost the game,although/even though/though everyone played well.盡管每個(gè)人都打得不錯(cuò),我們還是輸了。
2.She was happy to be having a child,although being pregnant had not been a pleasant experience.雖然懷孕并不是一個(gè)愉快的經(jīng)歷,但她很高興能有一個(gè)孩子。
3.They are generous although they are poor.他們盡管窮,卻十分慷慨。
4.He was not unhappy although he had to live alone.他雖然不得不獨(dú)自居住,卻并不不快樂。
但是,當(dāng)although作“but或however”解 時(shí),其位置往往后置,不用于句首、主從句之間,要用逗號(hào)隔開。例如:
1.I felt he was wrong,although I didn’t say so at the time.我覺得他錯(cuò)了,不過我當(dāng)時(shí)沒有說出來。
2.The price increase will obviously be unpopular,although it’s unlikely to reduce demand.提價(jià)顯然是不得人心的,但這也未必能收到減少需求的效果。
3.They’re a nice couple,although I very seldom see them these days.他們夫婦是真的不錯(cuò)的,不過這些天我很少見到他們。
三、有關(guān)能否使用convince sb.to do sth.的問題
Persuade有時(shí)接不定式,而convince永遠(yuǎn)不能接不定式。(P.208)
筆者認(rèn)為上述規(guī)則不正確,太武斷。在美國英語中,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞convince可作“persuade”解時(shí),完全可說“convince sb.to do sth.”。例如:
1.I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.我一直勸他去看病。
2.Kevin convinced Lee Ann to go to the country club dance with him.凱文勸說李安跟他去鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部跳舞。
3.I’ve been trying to convince Jean to come with me.我一直在試圖說服簡跟我來。
四、有關(guān)be curious 后能否跟從句的問題
可以用“be curious about/be curious to do,” 但不能說“be curious of sth.” 或者“be curious +從句?!痹髡哒J(rèn)為“I was curious what he was crying for.” 是錯(cuò)誤的,應(yīng)該改為: I was curious to know what he was crying for.(P.214)
筆者認(rèn)為上述規(guī)則不能反映英語的實(shí)際使用情況。盡管不能說“be curious of sth,”但“be curious +從句” 在英語中完全成立,“I was curious what he was crying for.”不改也是正確的。當(dāng)然,我們常說“I was curious about/as to what he was crying for.”,但是句中的about或as to可省略。 例如:
1.We felt curious how they would receive our suggestion.我們覺得好奇,他們怎么會(huì)接受我們的建議。
2.I am curious,why this kind of error could happen?我感到好奇,這種錯(cuò)誤為何會(huì)發(fā)生?
3.I am curious (to know) whether he passed his exams.我急切地想知道他是否考試都通過了。
4.It’s curious that she left without saying goodbye.真奇怪,她不辭而別了。
5.It is curious how two such different problems can be solved so similarly.差別如此巨大的兩個(gè)問題怎么能以如此相似的方式解決,真叫人費(fèi)解。
五、有關(guān)能否說go and fetch的問題
Fetch本身即有“去取來”之意,所以go and fetch me the chair不可用。(P.295)
筆者認(rèn)為“go and fetch me the chair”是地道的英語,并非不可用。薄冰先生曾經(jīng)說過這樣一句話“語言和邏輯并不總是一致的”。盡管動(dòng)詞fetch已含有g(shù)o and bring的意思,但在英語中,尤其是口語中,完全可以說go and fetch,或go to fetch。例如:
1.Quick!Go and fetch a doctor.快!去叫個(gè)醫(yī)生來。(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,New Edition 1995,p.513)
2.Go and fetch her home.去把她接回來。
3.She’s gone to fetch the kids 她去學(xué)校接孩子了。
4.It’s time that I should go to fetch my daughter.我該去接我的女兒了。
六、有關(guān)figure能否用作suppose,think的同義詞的問題
把figure用作suppose,think的同義詞是不合適的。如:(誤) I figure it ought to be a good show.(P.298)
筆者認(rèn)為上述規(guī)則有誤,原例句是正確的。在現(xiàn)代英語中,figure可用作suppose,think的同義詞。例如:
1.I figured (that) if I took the night train,I could be in Scotland by morning.我認(rèn)為,如果我坐夜班火車,早上就可以到蘇格蘭。
2.I figured that he was drunken and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.我想他已喝醉,不允許開車了。
3.I buy the pie shell because I figure that’s easier than making it.我買餡餅殼,因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為這要比自己做更容易。
七、有關(guān)on condition that引導(dǎo)的條件從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的使用問題
On condition that引導(dǎo)的條件從句中,必須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(P.379)
筆者認(rèn)為上述規(guī)則規(guī)定得過于絕對(duì)。在on condition that引導(dǎo)的條件從句中,除了可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)外,根據(jù)上下文,動(dòng)詞還可用shall do,(should) do 及did等形式。例如:
1.He agrees to this,on (the) condition that she shall stay in town.他同意這一點(diǎn),條件是她要留在城里。
2.He agrees to this,on (the) condition that she should stay in town.他同意這一點(diǎn),條件是她要留在城里。
3.He agrees to this,on (the) condition that she stay in town.他同意這一點(diǎn),條件是她要留在城里。
4.He agreed to this,on (the) condition that she stayed in town.他同意這一點(diǎn),條件是她要留在城里。
5.He agreed to this,on (the) condition that she (should) stay in town.他同意這一點(diǎn),條件是她要留在城里。
八、有關(guān)能否使用Sb.take time to do sth.的問題
(誤)I took 3 years to learn to draw a horse in 5 minutes.(正)It took me 3 years to learn to draw a horse in 5 minutes.(P.621)
筆者認(rèn)為原所謂的誤句不改也是地道的英語。“某人花時(shí)間做某事”,動(dòng)詞take除了可用“It take sb.time to do sth.”外,還可用“It take time for sb.to do sth.”及“Sb.take time to do sth.”。 例如:
1.It’ll take time (=take a long time) for her to recover from the illness.她的病需要很長時(shí)間才能痊愈。
2.It took three hours for firefighters to put out the flames on Friday.消防隊(duì)員在周五花了3個(gè)小時(shí)才撲滅了火焰。
3.He took three years to write the book.他花了3年時(shí)間寫這本書。
4.He took ten minutes to solve the problem.他解這道題花了十分鐘時(shí)間。
綜上所述,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在《注意你的英語慣用法》中,確實(shí)存在著一些英語慣用法方面的錯(cuò)誤規(guī)則,這些規(guī)則不符合現(xiàn)代英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。除了上述提到的問題外,還有許多其他問題,如accustomed,benefit,congratulate,consider,even if和even though,forbid,insist及as much as等,與之相關(guān)的規(guī)則也不正確。筆者在《英語知識(shí)》、《大學(xué)英語》、《科技英語學(xué)習(xí)》及大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)等發(fā)表過相關(guān)的文章,在此不再贅述。筆者認(rèn)為,既然是在談?wù)撚⒄Z慣用法,原作者就應(yīng)給出符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的規(guī)則,而不是主觀臆斷,定出錯(cuò)誤的規(guī)則。因?yàn)檫@些規(guī)則很有可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)廣大讀者,所以筆者覺得很有必要把錯(cuò)誤的規(guī)則提出來,跟原作者商榷,希望圖書再版時(shí),糾正這些錯(cuò)誤,真正讓讀者受益。
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