• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Strategies for Avoiding Loss of Market Share Due to Fierce Competition at Apps for The Future Inc.

    2017-12-28 04:15:00周宸宇
    環(huán)球市場信息導(dǎo)報 2017年37期
    關(guān)鍵詞:單位

    ◎周宸宇

    Strategies for Avoiding Loss of Market Share Due to Fierce Competition at Apps for The Future Inc.

    ◎周宸宇

    The quickly growing development and fierce competition in technical industry make Apps for The Future Inc. (AFF) has risk of losing market share and their customers' trust. Therefore, after the examine of three solutions which used by Nokia, Motorola and China Unicom based on the selected criteria, the suitable solutions that the AFF managers should follow are creating new flagship product with low price, finding development direction and keep investing. Those solutions could allow companies to keep creating, keep motivating and care their customers, and allow this company to be successful and regain customer trust.

    Introduction

    The Competition in Technical Industry

    Apps For the Future (AFF) is a new company within the Professional,Scientific, and Technical services industry, (NAICS code 54143), which was founded by Mr. Brooks in 2013 and is looking to bring innovative new apps into the market. In this industry,the quickly growing development and fierce competition bring companies opportunity and disaster at the same time. The quickly growing development had started since 2007. Based on the Ante Sven Grundberg and Stoll's report,the reason why mobile industry's development is so fast is because Apple set a high technical bar to smartphone and will upgrade significantly every 12 mouths (Ante Sven Grundberg & Stoll,2015). However, Apple's iPhone not only provide fast development in its industry, but also increased the level of the competition. According to Ovide and Wakabayashi's article, "the results demonstrate the rapidly shifting fortunes in the smartphone business, which Apple transformed with the iPhone in 2007. By 2012, Apple and Samsung essentially split industry profits 50-50. Now, Apple stands far above the others" (Ovide& Wakabayashi, 2015).However, based on Porter's Five Forces Model opinion, the competitive rivalry and the threat of substitution is the reasons why the competition is so fierce in the technical industry. In this article, "customer can easily switch to a competitor offering for little cost"(Arline, p. 4). So, if the technical industry wants to survive, lower prices will be one key to be success. Also, customers could decide whether to switch product if there is a better-quality substitute product. Thus, technical companies'product should be updated frequently to provide customers high quality products.

    Purpose & Scope

    This report examines the three different dispositions, which were mentioned in Nokia, Motorola and Chinese Mobile carriers' cases, to provides the key steps which the technical companies like AFF should follow to avoid losing market share which indicate lost customers' trust when facing the fast development and fierce competition growing in the technical industry. Therefore, those criteria need to be met when technical companies like AFF plan solutions to face the competition in this industry:

    Do more surveys to know and follow customers' needs.

    Keep creative and always plan for next-generation products.

    High-ranking executives need to make the suitable choice and lead the whole company against the pressure.

    Parallel Cases

    The problems which lead Nokia to lose its leader position

    Before 2007, Nokia was the leader of the mobile industry. However, when Apple's iPhone came out, Nokia lost its market share and leading position really fast. In The New York Times,Kevin J. O'Brien reported in "Nokia Post $1.36 Billion Loss as Sales Fall 20%" that the world's largest cellphone maker Nokia lost $1.36 billion money and 6% market share during the third quarter of 2009 (O’Brien, 2009). The report also illustrated that companies like Apple and R. I. M., which have big developments in easy-to-use and fun smartphones, started to overpower Nokia's market share. (O'Brien, 2009).

    What is Nokia's solution?

    BBC Business reported "Nokia Losses Deepen to 1.4bn Euros in Last Quarter," confirming that even in 2012,Nokia kept on losing their revenue and market share because of the irresistible and fast growing competition (Business,2012). Nokia's chief executive said their company was facing a challenge which was greater than their expectation.So, they created a new flagship called Lumia 900 phone which using Windows Phone system and selling as a low price for challenging their competitors,such as Apple and Samsung. After this initiative, their investors took comfort in that decision and improved their investments. According to an analyst,after encountering so much bad news in a row, Nokia finally made a good move through which they doubled their sales and got hope (Business, 2012).Thus, the high-rank executives of Nokia’s solution for facing the problem is creating a new flagship called Lumia 900 with Windows Phone system and low price, which allow them to compete with their rivals like Apple and Samsung.

    If managers of AFF were to follow the steps Nokia executives took when facing fast development and fierce competition, they should do more surveys because Nokia needed to know what the customers' needs to create the next flagship phone called Lumia.The criterion of keep creative and always planning for next-generation product would be met because when iPhone came out, Nokia needed to create a next-generation phone, which is a smartphone, to compete with Apple. The High-ranking executives'need to make the suitable choice and lead the whole company against the pressure would be met because Nokia's executives needed to make the choice to drop down their flagship phone's price to compete with other mobile companies like Samsung and Apple.

    What problems were Motorola facing?

    According to the article "How Motorola Fell a Giant Step Behind"which reported by Rhoads and Yuan on The Wall Street Journal, Motorola was growing fast after they published Razr, but they failed to create a success phone and started to lose market share in technical industry (Rhoads & Yuan,2007). Due to the big success of the Razr, Motorola was satisfied with its design of Razr, but fell behind on developing the next generation of technology, which could take 2-3 years for a mobile company to make up.

    What is the solution which Motorola used to solve the problem?

    When facing those problems,Motorola's executives made a brilliant move to solve them. In The New York time, Laura M. Holson mentioned in"Cellphone Pioneer Struggles to Stay Relevant" that as an employee who worked for Motorola, Mr. Choubey said that he received a lot of negative information of Motorola's current situation from his old colleagues(Holson, 2008). In 1983, Motorola created the first commercial portable cellular phone. But in recent years, many employees (even some executives) chose to leave Motorola, because they felt hopeless with a company without any plan about creating new products. Also,Motorola's market share dropped more than 12 percent in the first quarter of 2008 which compared with the record in 2006. However, Motorola’s executives accepted Wall Street’s suggestion about differentiate itself better like what the Apple and BlackBerry do,which could allow Motorola find the direction of designing and selling(Holson, 2008). Therefore, the solutions that the Motorola's executive had were to differentiate itself for finding the direction of designing and selling.

    If managers at AFF were to follow the steps Motorola's executives took when facing the quickly growing development and fierce competition,the criterion of doing more surveys to know and follow customers' needs would not be met because “differentiate itself” means to find out and meet the market’s need rather than majority customers’ need. The criterion of keeping creative and always planning for next-generation products would be met because developing next generation products always need a right direction. The criterion of high-ranking executives need to make the suitable choice and lead whole company against the pressure would be met because Motorola's high-ranking executives chose to accept the Wall Street’s suggestion which is the suitable plan for their companies’ future.

    The Problem that China Unicom meet in mobile carriers'competition

    According to the report, "Cut-Throat Competition Leads to Unicom Gloom", which was published on China Daily, as the second- largest mobile carrier, China Unicom lost 68 percent plunge in net profit, which was under the pressure of third-generation mobile network competition (China Daily, 2010).Due to the higher revenue and the needs of customers, as the mobile carriers of the biggest mobile market, China Unicom and other two rivals, China Telecom and China Mobile, spent about$21 billion to build their 3G cellular network in 2009, which lead to a big fell of revenue in Chinese mobile market.Meanwhile, China Unicom was facing another challenge when they wanted to upgrade their network and sign up customers, and provide 3G handsets user a better experience (China Daily,2010).

    How the China Unicom facing challenge?

    Fletcher's article on the Wall Street Journal, "China Unicom Profit Falls 86%", reported that China Unicom posted an 86% drop in first-quarter net profit because of the big number of subsidies it provided to customers for earning more market share and competing with rivals (Fletcher, 2011).Due to the development in mobile services, the 3G cellphone network has come out; China Unicom started to compete with other rivals by increasing the investment on developing. This move caused the company's net profit to fall to $25 million. However, the executives of China Unicom decided to keep investment on 3G mobile network,so that more 3G handsets like iPhone 4's users could get the 3G network when they chose China Unicom. Eventually, it had turned out that the monthly mobile average revenue per user had grown from 41.5 yuan to 45.5 yuan, and the benefits rose from 22.29 billion yuan to 30.65 billion yuan, which allowed China Unicom earn more profit than a year before (Fletcher, 2011). Thus, China Unicom’s solution for facing challenge is to keep investing for providing customers subsidies and upgrading equipment to provide 3G network

    If managers at AFF were to follow the steps which China Unicom executives took when facing the quickly growing development and fierce competition, the criterion of doing more surveys to know and follow customers' need would be met.Because China Unicom need to know what the customers' need from the 3G mobile network and how much subsidy the customers need for upgrading their handsets to 3G smartphone. The criterion of keeping creative and always planning for next-generation product would not be met because China Unicom need not to create the 3G network; all they need to do is to invest more money for upgrading the equipment to provide the next generation of network to their users. The criterion of high-executive needing to make the suitable choice and lead whole company against the pressure would be met because China Unicom's executive need to make the choice of keeping investments in developing of the next-generation of mobile network under pressure of losing profits.

    Conclusion

    By implementing the above-mentioned solutions,managers at AFF will be able to increase customers’experience, keep providing best productions, and lead company getting rid of dilemma. These solutions permit AFF’s managers to be contrite, committed and compassionate which are the key points for companies to keep creating, keep motivating and care their customers,and allow this company to be successful and regain customer trust.

    Arline, K. (2015, February 18). Porter’s five forces:Analyzing the competition. Business News Daily. Retrieved from http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5446-portersfive-forces.html

    Ante Sven Grundberg, S. E., & Stoll, J. D. (2012,September 6). Nokia, Motorola race Against Apple. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443819404577633352198554784

    Brien, J. K. (2009, October 15). Nokia Post $1.36 Billion Loss as Sales Fall 20%. The New York Time. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/16/technology/companies/16nokia.html?_r=1

    Business. (2012, July 19). Nokia Losses Deepen to 1.4bn Euros In Last Quarter. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-18898121

    Cut-Throat Competition Leads To Unicom Gloom. (2010,May 4). China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-05/04/content_9807106.htm

    Fletcher, O. (2011, April 26). China Unicom Profit Falls 86%. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014240527487037781045762864825746484 32

    Holson, M. L. (2008, May 24). Cellphone Pioneer Struggles to Stay Relevant. The New York Time. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/24/technology/24motorola.html?_r=0

    Ovide, S., & Wakabayashi, D. (2015, July 12). Apple's Share of Smartphone Industry's Profits Soars to 92%. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/applesshareofsmartphoneindustrysprofitssoars to921436727458

    Rhoads, C., & Yuan, L. (2007, April 27). How Motorola Fell A Giant Step Behind. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117763905320884365

    (作者單位:University of Oklahoma)

    猜你喜歡
    單位
    鳴謝單位
    寧波通訊(2022年20期)2022-02-07 10:13:42
    鳴謝單位(排名不分先后)
    寧波通訊(2021年14期)2021-09-29 07:33:46
    致謝本刊支持單位
    填單位 要推敲
    看錯單位
    幽默大師(2019年6期)2019-06-06 08:41:36
    全國MPAcc院校名錄
    協(xié)辦單位
    更 正
    草原與草坪(2017年5期)2017-03-23 22:07:15
    Some thoughts on the common issue of psychotherapy in different cultures — report on the China conference of psychoanalysis
    How to improve students’ writing skills step by step
    精品日产1卡2卡| www.999成人在线观看| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 男人舔奶头视频| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| 午夜久久久久精精品| 女人被狂操c到高潮| aaaaa片日本免费| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 欧美激情在线99| 免费观看人在逋| 免费高清视频大片| 国产精品av视频在线免费观看| av国产免费在线观看| 日本与韩国留学比较| 久久人人精品亚洲av| 91字幕亚洲| 999精品在线视频| 日本成人三级电影网站| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 国语自产精品视频在线第100页| 国产免费男女视频| 无限看片的www在线观看| 国产午夜精品论理片| 中文字幕av在线有码专区| 看片在线看免费视频| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻| 中文字幕久久专区| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 黄色丝袜av网址大全| 成人18禁在线播放| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| 在线播放国产精品三级| 亚洲精品456在线播放app | 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 美女高潮喷水抽搐中文字幕| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 久久精品影院6| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 床上黄色一级片| 成年女人永久免费观看视频| 国产成人福利小说| 亚洲无线在线观看| 嫩草影院精品99| 国产高清有码在线观看视频| 欧美zozozo另类| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月 | 亚洲av成人av| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 精品乱码久久久久久99久播| 久久精品影院6| 床上黄色一级片| 极品教师在线免费播放| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 色播亚洲综合网| 午夜免费激情av| 欧美色视频一区免费| 99久久国产精品久久久| 国产亚洲欧美98| 久久草成人影院| 精品久久久久久成人av| 国产aⅴ精品一区二区三区波| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| 久久香蕉精品热| 久久香蕉精品热| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 免费看a级黄色片| 精品国产三级普通话版| 天堂动漫精品| 亚洲九九香蕉| 中国美女看黄片| 日韩有码中文字幕| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 9191精品国产免费久久| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 亚洲 欧美 日韩 在线 免费| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av| 1000部很黄的大片| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 久久久久久国产a免费观看| 亚洲无线在线观看| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 精品久久久久久久末码| 午夜福利视频1000在线观看| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 最近在线观看免费完整版| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 男女那种视频在线观看| 亚洲无线观看免费| 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 欧美日韩黄片免| 成人三级黄色视频| 1024香蕉在线观看| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 日韩精品中文字幕看吧| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 亚洲国产看品久久| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 极品教师在线免费播放| 精品久久久久久久末码| 日韩有码中文字幕| 日本在线视频免费播放| 国产1区2区3区精品| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 午夜福利18| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 国产精品野战在线观看| 黄色成人免费大全| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 天天添夜夜摸| 男女视频在线观看网站免费| 成人性生交大片免费视频hd| 色av中文字幕| 成人欧美大片| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 一区福利在线观看| 久久香蕉国产精品| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| www.精华液| 中文字幕高清在线视频| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 在线免费观看的www视频| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 性色avwww在线观看| 性欧美人与动物交配| 亚洲在线观看片| 亚洲一区二区三区不卡视频| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 国产精品一及| 长腿黑丝高跟| 亚洲九九香蕉| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 九色国产91popny在线| 亚洲无线观看免费| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 91av网站免费观看| 精品一区二区三区视频在线 | 色播亚洲综合网| 午夜福利视频1000在线观看| 中出人妻视频一区二区| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 手机成人av网站| 久久精品人妻少妇| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 久久中文字幕人妻熟女| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 一本久久中文字幕| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 亚洲av成人精品一区久久| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 亚洲一区二区三区色噜噜| 黄色 视频免费看| 国产av一区在线观看免费| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 天堂动漫精品| 久久国产乱子伦精品免费另类| 久久中文看片网| 黄频高清免费视频| 久99久视频精品免费| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 一个人看视频在线观看www免费 | h日本视频在线播放| 精品电影一区二区在线| 色吧在线观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| 看片在线看免费视频| 欧美日韩黄片免| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 观看美女的网站| 精品无人区乱码1区二区| 午夜精品一区二区三区免费看| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 色在线成人网| 床上黄色一级片| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 国内精品久久久久久久电影| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 婷婷亚洲欧美| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 国产精华一区二区三区| 色av中文字幕| 欧美高清成人免费视频www| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 嫩草影院入口| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 中文字幕av在线有码专区| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人 | 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 免费观看的影片在线观看| 久久九九热精品免费| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 成人18禁在线播放| 少妇的逼水好多| 18禁观看日本| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 嫩草影院入口| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 999久久久国产精品视频| 亚洲熟妇中文字幕五十中出| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 欧美一区二区国产精品久久精品| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| svipshipincom国产片| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 久久久久国产精品人妻aⅴ院| 91av网一区二区| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 成人精品一区二区免费| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 亚洲五月天丁香| 亚洲精品乱码久久久v下载方式 | 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| a级毛片a级免费在线| 99久久国产精品久久久| 国产激情偷乱视频一区二区| 免费看a级黄色片| 露出奶头的视频| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 在线国产一区二区在线| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 床上黄色一级片| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 成人精品一区二区免费| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 中文字幕av在线有码专区| 此物有八面人人有两片| 成在线人永久免费视频| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类 | 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 亚洲成人中文字幕在线播放| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 国产日本99.免费观看| 国产精品99久久久久久久久| 丁香欧美五月| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影| 亚洲精品456在线播放app | 欧美日韩精品网址| 亚洲国产看品久久| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 校园春色视频在线观看| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 精品国产美女av久久久久小说| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看| 精品电影一区二区在线| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 日本黄色片子视频| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| av欧美777| 成人无遮挡网站| 观看免费一级毛片| 两个人的视频大全免费| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 久久久久久九九精品二区国产| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 老司机福利观看| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 国产高清视频在线观看网站| 无人区码免费观看不卡| 国产成+人综合+亚洲专区| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 毛片女人毛片| 亚洲成av人片在线播放无| 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 成人午夜高清在线视频| 日本三级黄在线观看| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 国产亚洲欧美在线一区二区| 美女高潮的动态| 在线观看66精品国产| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 热99re8久久精品国产| 一本综合久久免费| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 成人无遮挡网站| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 制服丝袜大香蕉在线| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 亚洲无线在线观看| 色av中文字幕| 在线观看免费视频日本深夜| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 美女高潮的动态| 黄色成人免费大全| 九色成人免费人妻av| 色视频www国产| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| xxxwww97欧美| 亚洲色图av天堂| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 成年免费大片在线观看| 黄色成人免费大全| 亚洲中文av在线| 国产亚洲欧美98| 国产黄片美女视频| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 国产亚洲欧美98| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 九九热线精品视视频播放| 99久久综合精品五月天人人| 久久精品91蜜桃| 露出奶头的视频| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 1000部很黄的大片| 日本a在线网址| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 怎么达到女性高潮| 午夜影院日韩av| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| www日本黄色视频网| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 看黄色毛片网站| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 国产精品永久免费网站| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 一本精品99久久精品77| 人人妻人人澡欧美一区二区| av视频在线观看入口| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 国产精品久久久av美女十八| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 十八禁网站免费在线| 免费看日本二区| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 淫妇啪啪啪对白视频| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩 | 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 色播亚洲综合网| 小蜜桃在线观看免费完整版高清| 九九久久精品国产亚洲av麻豆 | 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 久久婷婷人人爽人人干人人爱| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 久久久久久久午夜电影| 高清在线国产一区| 日本与韩国留学比较| 欧美乱妇无乱码| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| www.999成人在线观看| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 又粗又爽又猛毛片免费看| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 国产免费男女视频| 十八禁网站免费在线| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 日本与韩国留学比较| 国产亚洲精品久久久com| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 校园春色视频在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久亚洲av鲁大| 一本久久中文字幕| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | or卡值多少钱| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| av在线天堂中文字幕| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 午夜福利高清视频| 欧美xxxx黑人xx丫x性爽| 久久久久久久久中文| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 日本与韩国留学比较| 男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 三级男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸视频| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 亚洲精品一区av在线观看| 男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 精品福利观看| 九九热线精品视视频播放| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 又大又爽又粗| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看| 嫩草影院精品99| 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 色吧在线观看| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 国产乱人视频| 18美女黄网站色大片免费观看| 9191精品国产免费久久| 国产av不卡久久| 欧美大码av| 日本 av在线| 亚洲精品456在线播放app | 国产野战对白在线观看| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 欧美日韩精品网址| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 日日夜夜操网爽| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 亚洲欧美激情综合另类| 亚洲精品在线美女| 嫩草影院入口| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 舔av片在线| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 一卡2卡三卡四卡精品乱码亚洲| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| xxxwww97欧美| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 毛片女人毛片| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 成人高潮视频无遮挡免费网站| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 色吧在线观看| 国产精品永久免费网站| 最新中文字幕久久久久 | 黑人操中国人逼视频| 国产成人福利小说| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 美女黄网站色视频| 日韩欧美在线二视频| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 丁香欧美五月| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 国产成人影院久久av| 久久国产精品影院| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一小说| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 日本 欧美在线| 国产乱人伦免费视频| 夜夜爽天天搞| av天堂中文字幕网| 国产成人影院久久av| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 久久香蕉精品热| 亚洲精品久久国产高清桃花| 免费无遮挡裸体视频| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 岛国在线观看网站| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 免费大片18禁| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 香蕉丝袜av| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 搞女人的毛片| 黄频高清免费视频| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 69av精品久久久久久| h日本视频在线播放| a级毛片在线看网站| 在线观看66精品国产| 日韩高清综合在线| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| ponron亚洲| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 亚洲美女黄片视频| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区| 亚洲精品一区av在线观看| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 99久国产av精品| 国产高清激情床上av| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 久久精品国产亚洲av香蕉五月| 国产高清videossex| 天堂动漫精品| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 欧美激情在线99| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 免费看十八禁软件| 久久精品91蜜桃| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 免费在线观看亚洲国产| av国产免费在线观看| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 99热只有精品国产| 国内精品久久久久精免费| 女生性感内裤真人,穿戴方法视频| 中文字幕久久专区| 嫩草影院精品99| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 色播亚洲综合网| 全区人妻精品视频| 成人av在线播放网站| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 91麻豆av在线| 欧美午夜高清在线| 国产欧美日韩精品一区二区| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 久9热在线精品视频| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 国产单亲对白刺激| 色综合亚洲欧美另类图片| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 综合色av麻豆| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| a在线观看视频网站| 一进一出抽搐gif免费好疼| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 日本 av在线| 久久人妻av系列| 色综合站精品国产|