馮凱,路浩軍,賈海英,鄭燕華,張軍,景青萍,吳繼華
rs10795668單核苷酸多態(tài)性與中國(guó)北方漢族結(jié)直腸癌易感性的關(guān)系
馮凱,路浩軍,賈海英,鄭燕華,張軍,景青萍,吳繼華
目的探討rs10795668單核苷酸多態(tài)性與北方漢族人群結(jié)直腸癌遺傳易感性的關(guān)系。方法采用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片斷長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性方法,檢測(cè)結(jié)直腸癌組182例(結(jié)腸癌113例,直腸癌69例)和對(duì)照組192例的rs10795668單核苷酸多態(tài)性基因型。采用非條件logistic回歸分析進(jìn)行基因-疾病關(guān)聯(lián)分析與基因-性別交互作用分析。結(jié)果rs10795668多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)在結(jié)直腸癌患者中的基因型分布與在正常健康對(duì)照人群中的基因型分布差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但基因型與性別在結(jié)腸癌中存在交互作用,AA+AG基因型增加女性結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)(OR=3.05,95%CI 1.47~6.35;P=0.00078)。結(jié)論rs10795668單核苷酸多態(tài)性的AA+AG基因型與中國(guó)北方漢族女性結(jié)腸癌遺傳易感性有關(guān),與直腸癌無(wú)關(guān)。
單核苷酸多態(tài)性;結(jié)直腸腫瘤;遺傳易感性
結(jié)直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球發(fā)病率最高的腫瘤之一[1],每年約有120萬(wàn)人罹患結(jié)直腸癌,并導(dǎo)致60萬(wàn)人死亡[2]。病因?qū)W上,多種遺傳和環(huán)境因子可導(dǎo)致結(jié)直腸癌的發(fā)生[3-6]。
基因組計(jì)劃完成以來(lái),在候選基因策略研究中雖然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遺傳位點(diǎn),但可重復(fù)、功能確定的位點(diǎn)依然有限。近來(lái),全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究迅猛發(fā)展,已報(bào)道了多個(gè)常見(jiàn)的大腸癌易感遺傳位點(diǎn),包括5q31.1,8q23.3,8q24.21,10p14,10q22.3,10q25.2,11q12.2,11q23.1,12p13.31,14q22.3,15q13.3,16q22.1,18q21.1,17p13.3,19q13.2、20p12.3等[7-15]。在上述位點(diǎn)中,位于10p14的單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)rs10795668是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子之一[12]。大量的重復(fù)研究顯示,rs10795668在不同族群乃至同一族群中的結(jié)果并不一致[16-18]。針對(duì)多數(shù)東亞人群包括中國(guó)人群的研究顯示rs10795668與結(jié)直腸癌易感性有關(guān)[19-20],這與歐洲人群相似,而與非洲人群不同。本研究采用182例結(jié)直腸癌患者與192例對(duì)照進(jìn)行rs10795668的關(guān)聯(lián)重復(fù)研究,并對(duì)解剖位置分層,進(jìn)行了性別與基因的交互作用分析。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 所有病例均來(lái)自2011-2014年解放軍306醫(yī)院普通外科與腫瘤科收治的手術(shù)或化療的北方漢族結(jié)直腸癌患者,病理組織類(lèi)型均為原發(fā)腺癌,182例結(jié)直腸癌病例中包括113例結(jié)腸癌(男63例,女50例,年齡64.6±14.1歲)與69例直腸癌(男40例,女29例,年齡67.0±11.9歲),選取192例與病例組年齡、性別比例接近的北方漢族健康體檢人員做對(duì)照。為排除遺傳分層因素,所有入選者均經(jīng)詳細(xì)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,以查明其疾病史并排除有腫瘤病史者。樣本采用EDTA抗凝全血。本研究經(jīng)解放軍第306醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)認(rèn)可。
1.2 基因型分析 采用酚-氯仿法提取結(jié)直腸癌患者與正常對(duì)照者外周血白細(xì)胞基因組DNA,-70℃保存?zhèn)溆?。限制性片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性方法設(shè)計(jì)采用在線(xiàn)工具SNP-RFLPing2(http://bio.kuas.edu.tw/snp-rflping2/ rflpUI.jsp.)。參考序列為(chr10:8700719-8701719),版本號(hào)為GRCh37/hg19。引物序列如下:上游引物5'-TGAGGCTTATTGAAAACAATGG-3',下游引物5'-GCAGAGGTTGCATGCAGTG-3'。采用TaKaRa公司RCR試劑盒進(jìn)行PCR反應(yīng)。反應(yīng)體系為25μl,PCR反應(yīng)條件為:94℃5min;94℃30s,58℃30s,72℃30s,共16個(gè)循環(huán);94℃30s,56℃退火40s,72℃40s,20個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃10min,4℃保存。以上反應(yīng)在GeneAmp PCR system 9700型(美國(guó)PE應(yīng)用生物系統(tǒng)公司)基因擴(kuò)增儀上進(jìn)行。PCR產(chǎn)物大小為293bp,限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶為AluⅠ,完全酶切產(chǎn)物為180bp和114bp兩個(gè)片段。PCR反應(yīng)后取產(chǎn)物10μl,采用限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶進(jìn)行酶切,37℃水浴,過(guò)夜。酶切產(chǎn)物用2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,并以ChampGel全自動(dòng)凝膠成像分析儀觀察記錄電泳結(jié)果。對(duì)三種基因型各取5例進(jìn)行測(cè)序證實(shí)(北京三博遠(yuǎn)志生物工程公司)。
1.3 rs10795668 SNP的基因組注釋和連鎖不平衡(linkage disequilibrium,LD)分析 基因組注釋采用UCSC基因組瀏覽器(http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgibin/hgGateway),參考版本號(hào)為GRCh37/hg19。LD分析采用SNAP網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具(http://www.broadinstitute. org/mpg/snap/ldplot.php),參數(shù)設(shè)置選擇Regional LD Plots,SNP data set設(shè)為1000 genomes pilots,Population panel設(shè)為CHBJPT,r2設(shè)為0.6,Distance limit設(shè)為100kb。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 用χ2檢驗(yàn)分析對(duì)照組人群基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg(H-W)平衡,以判斷其對(duì)整體人群的代表性?;蚣膊£P(guān)聯(lián)分析采用非條件logistic回歸模型,計(jì)算共顯性、顯性、隱性、超顯性遺傳模式下的比數(shù)比(odds ratios,OR)及95%可信區(qū)間(confidential intervals,CI)。對(duì)疾病類(lèi)型與性別進(jìn)行分層,并采用logistic回歸模型進(jìn)行基因-性別交互作用分析,所有統(tǒng)計(jì)皆采用SNPStats在線(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)研究工具進(jìn)行分析[21]。以上檢驗(yàn)顯著性水準(zhǔn)均采用α=0.05。
2.1 一般特征 結(jié)直腸癌組與對(duì)照組之間性別、年齡構(gòu)成相似(P>0.05,表1)。所有標(biāo)本均成功進(jìn)行了基因型分型(圖1),對(duì)部分結(jié)果進(jìn)行了測(cè)序驗(yàn)證,所有重復(fù)分型結(jié)果均與原結(jié)果相符。χ2檢驗(yàn)顯示,健康對(duì)照組rs10795668基因型分布符合H-W平衡(P=0.75)。
表1 結(jié)直腸癌組與對(duì)照組性別、年齡分布及腫瘤部位Tab.1 Distributions of sex and age among CRC patients and controls, and the tumor site in CRC patients
圖1 rs107595668基因多態(tài)性分析Fig.1 Genotype analysis of rs10795668 polymorphismM. DL2000 DNA ladder; Lane1-2. A/A homozygous (180bp and 114bp); Lane 3-5. G/A heterozygous (293bp, 180bp and 114bp); Lane 6-7. G/G homozygous (293bp)
2.2 rs10795668 SNP與結(jié)直腸癌及結(jié)、直腸癌亞組的關(guān)聯(lián)研究 rs10795668 SNP的G/G、G/A和A/A基因型頻率在結(jié)直腸癌組與對(duì)照組之間,各種遺傳模式下差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表2)。將結(jié)腸癌和直腸癌患者分成兩個(gè)亞組分別與對(duì)照組進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析在四種遺傳模式下差異亦無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(數(shù)據(jù)未列出)。以上分析均校正了年齡和性別因素。
表2 rs10795668單核苷酸多態(tài)性與結(jié)直腸癌的關(guān)聯(lián)分析(n=374)Tab.2 Association analysis of rs10795668 with CRC (n=374)
2.3 rs10795668 SNP在結(jié)直腸癌及結(jié)、直腸癌亞組中的基因-性別交互作用研究 結(jié)直腸癌rs10795668 SNP與性別的交互作用采用logistic回歸模型進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,在顯性遺傳模式下,結(jié)直腸癌rs10795668 SNP與性別存在交互作用,攜帶A等位基因(G/A+A/A)的女性患結(jié)直腸癌比不攜帶A等位基因的女性的高(OR=1.81,95% CI 1.00~3.29,P=0.0089,表3),在其他三種遺傳模式下未觀察到交互作用(數(shù)據(jù)未提供)。為了觀察這種交互作用是否與結(jié)直腸癌亞型有關(guān),分別進(jìn)行了結(jié)、直腸癌亞組中的基因-性別交互分析,結(jié)果顯示,顯性遺傳模式下,rs10795668 SNP與性別存在交互作用主要體現(xiàn)在結(jié)腸癌亞組(OR=3.05,95% CI 1.47~6.35,P=0.00078,表4),直腸癌亞組沒(méi)有顯著交互作用(表5),即其他條件相同的情況下攜帶A等位基因的女性更易發(fā)生結(jié)腸癌。以上分析均校正了年齡因素。
表3 Logistic回歸分析結(jié)直腸癌基因和性別的交互作用(n=374)Tab.3 Interaction of gene-sex involved in CRC (logistic regression analysis,n=374)
表4 Logistic回歸分析結(jié)腸癌基因和性別的交互作用(n=305)Tab.4 Interaction of gene-sex involved in colon cancer (logistic regression analysis,n=305)
表5 Logistic回歸分析直腸癌基因和性別的交互作用(n=261)Tab.5 Interaction of gene-sex involved in rectal cancer (logistic regression analysis,n=261)
2.4 rs10795668 SNP基因組注釋與LD分析
rs10795668位于10號(hào)染色體8701219位(圖2),LD范圍54.3kb(r2≥0.6,圖3),距離rs10795668最近的基因是編碼tRNA的RNA5SP299(2.4kb)。最近的編碼蛋白的基因是GATA3,此為重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,距rs10795668位點(diǎn)585.2kb。
圖2 UCSC基因組瀏覽器所示rs10795668參考序列Fig.2 The UCSC genome browser view of chr10: 8,000,000-9,000,000 (build 37) containing rs10795668The red rectangle represents susceptibility SNP rs10795668. The UCSC Gene track shows multiple transcripts span around rs10795668. The nearest gene is a tRNA gene,RNA5SP299. The blue underline show 2 lincRNA genes located in 200kb upstream and downstream, respectively. The nearest coding protein gene is GATA3, underlined by purple line. The light blue rectangle shows the reported eQTL gene, ATP5C1 (Loo LW, 2012)
圖3 rs107595668的LD范圍示意圖(r2≥0.6)Fig. 3 Regional LD plot for SNPs rs107595668 at 10p14, associated with colorectal cancer (r2≥0.6)
本研究結(jié)果顯示,rs10795668SNP多態(tài)位點(diǎn)在結(jié)直腸患者中的基因型分布與正常對(duì)照樣本差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但基因型與性別在結(jié)腸癌中存在交互作用,A等位基因型增加了中國(guó)北方漢族女性結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)。
rs10795668SNP與結(jié)直腸癌關(guān)聯(lián)的報(bào)道最早見(jiàn)于2008年在歐洲人群中的一項(xiàng)GWAS研究[12],隨后在不同人群中進(jìn)行了多個(gè)重復(fù)研究工作,其中有很多矛盾的報(bào)道[15-24]。rs10795668人群分布差異很大,千人基因組計(jì)劃數(shù)據(jù)(http:// browser.1000genomes.org/index.html)顯示,rs10795668 A等位基因在歐洲人群約為32%,東亞洲人群為37%,西亞人群為22%,非洲人群為2%。通常報(bào)道,在歐洲和亞洲G為易感等位基因,而在非洲A為易感等位基因。因此,種族因素與結(jié)直腸癌易感性密切相關(guān)。雖然最近有Meta分析顯示,在中國(guó)人群中,rs10795668 SNP與結(jié)直腸癌相關(guān)[17],且G等位基因增加結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但本研究沒(méi)有重復(fù)出這樣的結(jié)果,且在進(jìn)一步對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行分層分析和基因型與性別的交互作用研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)A等位基因極為顯著地增加女性結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這在其他研究中尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。結(jié)腸癌與直腸癌一般統(tǒng)稱(chēng)結(jié)直腸癌,但這兩者的發(fā)病機(jī)制可能存在差異[25],并且性別可能是影響其易感性的重要因素之一[26]。
rs10795668并不位于某一基因附近,所以其功能研究是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。生物信息學(xué)分析顯示,rs10795668位于10號(hào)染色體8701219位,LD范圍54.3kb(r2≥0.6)。最近的編碼蛋白的基因是GATA3,它是個(gè)重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。目前只有1 篇rs10795668功能研究的報(bào)道[27],該報(bào)道顯示rs10795668等位基因與ATP5C1的表達(dá)水平相關(guān)。但是,由于ATP5C1與rs10795668的相對(duì)距離較遠(yuǎn),間隔數(shù)個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄子,包括GATA3和多個(gè)lincRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄子,這些都是重要的調(diào)控因子,特別是lincRNA近來(lái)是研究調(diào)控靶基因表達(dá)的熱點(diǎn)[28-29],因此ATP5C1表達(dá)水平是否真與rs10795668等位基因關(guān)聯(lián)還需要進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。另外,rs10795668作為遺傳標(biāo)記的 LD范圍為54.3kb(r2≥0.6),在其關(guān)聯(lián)范圍內(nèi),就只有編碼tRNA的RNA5SP299基因,但目前關(guān)于tRNA與基因多態(tài)性的研究還鮮有報(bào)道。
本研究對(duì)結(jié)直腸癌患者樣本分層,并與性別和rs10795668不同等位基因進(jìn)行交互作用研究,提示A等位基因增加中國(guó)北方漢族女性結(jié)腸癌的易感性,相關(guān)機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步探索。
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Relationship of the polymorphism of rs10795668 single nucleotide and the susceptibility of colorectal cancer in north China Han population
FENG Kai1, LU Hao-jun1, JIA Hai-ying2, ZHENG Yan-hua1, ZHANG Jun1, JING Qing-ping3, WU Ji-hua3*1Center for Special Medicine and Experimental Research,2Center for Medical Examination,3Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, China
*< class="emphasis_italic">Corresponding author, E-mail: jh_02821@126.com
, E-mail: jh_02821@126.com
This work was supported by the Medical Research Grant of 306 Hospital of PLA (13QN01;13ZD11)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between the rs10795668 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the colorectal cancer (CRC) in north China Han population.MethodsThe genotype of rs10795668 SNP was detected by PCRRFLP analysis in 113 colon cancer patients, 69 rectal cancer patients, and 192 age and sex matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression were used to comparatively analyze the genotype between patients and the controls adjusted by age and sex.ResultsNo significant difference of rs10795668 SNP was detected between colorectal cancer patients and normal controls, but it was found that an existence of interaction of gene and sex in colorectal cancer, and women with AA+AG genotype may have lower risk of colon cancer (OR3.05, 95% CI 1.47-6.35;P=0.00078).ConclusionThe AA+AG genotype of rs10795668 SNP is associated with the genetic susceptibility of colon cancer, but not of rectal cancer, in north China Han women.
colorectal cancer; genetic susceptibility; single nucleotide polymorphism
R735.34
A
0577-7402(2015)10-0821-05
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.10.10
2015-06-01;
2015-08-29)
(責(zé)任編輯:沈?qū)?
解放軍306醫(yī)院院級(jí)課題(13QN01;13ZD11)
馮凱,醫(yī)學(xué)博士,副主任醫(yī)師,副教授。主要從事重大疾病遺傳易感性方面的研究
100101 北京 解放軍第306醫(yī)院特種醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中心(馮凱、路浩軍、鄭燕華、張軍),體檢中心(賈海英),病理科(景青萍、吳繼華)
吳繼華,E-mail:jh_02821@126.com