撰寫英文摘要注意事項
1.縮短文摘方法
1)語言簡潔。應盡量刪去不必要的字句:“It is reported”,“Extensive investigation show that”,“The author discusses”,“This paper concerned with”,“based on the analyses conducted”,“on the above basis”,“in detail”,“briefly”,“mainly”,“here”,“in addition”,“in this paper”,等等。
2)盡量簡化一些措辭和重復的單元,刪繁從簡。例如:
2.注意文法和文體風格
1)用過去時態(tài)敘述作者工作,用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)敘述作者結論。
2)能用名詞做定語不要用動名詞做定語,能用形容詞作定語就不要用名詞作定語。例如:
用measurement accuracy,不用measuring accuracy;
用 experimental results,不用experiment results。
3)可直接用名詞或名詞短語做定語的情況下,要少用of句型,例如:
4)可用動詞的情況下盡量避免用動詞的名詞形式,例如:
用 Thickness of plastic sheet was measured,不用Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.
5)注意冠詞用法,不要誤用、濫用或隨便省略冠詞。如果不會引起誤解,可數(shù)名詞盡量用復數(shù)。
6)避免使用一長串形容詞或名詞來修飾名詞??梢詫⑦@些詞分成幾個前置短語,用連字符連接名詞組,作為單位形容詞(一個形容詞)。如用the chlorinecontaining propylene-based polymer of high melt index代替 the chlorine containing high melt index propylene based polymer.
7)盡量用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài),如“A exceeds B”比“B is exceeded by A”好。
8)盡量用簡短、詞義清楚并為人熟知的詞。技術名詞和專業(yè)用語必須謹慎推敲,保證準確無誤。
9)語言要簡練,但不得使用電報型語言。
如 Adsorption nitrobenzene on copperchromite investigation.應為 Adsorption of nitrobenzene on copper chromite was investigated.
10)組織好句子,使動詞盡量靠近主語,例如:
用 When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane,decolorization was irreversible after 10 h of UV irradiation.
不用The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane,which were exposed to 10 h of UV irradiation,was no longer irreversible.
11)用重要的事實開頭,盡可能避免用輔助從句開頭,如:
用Power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined from data obtained experimentally.
不用 From dataobtained experimentally,power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined.
12)文摘詞語拼寫,用英美拼法都可以,但在每篇文章中須保持一致。
13)注意中英文不同的表達方法。不要簡單地逐字直譯。例如,不要將“because”放在句首表達“因為”這一概念,“because”表示原因用在文摘中語氣過強。不要用“XX are analyzed and studied(discussed)”直譯“分析研究(討論)”這一中文概念。用“XX are analyzed”就可以。盡量不要使用“not only…but also”直譯中文“不但…而且”這一概念,用“and”就行。
摘編自《鐵道學報》