完形填空的“主打品牌”

楊富章

所謂語(yǔ)境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空試題中，語(yǔ)境題是考查同學(xué)們感知語(yǔ)言材料時(shí)所具備的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、閱讀能力和思維判斷能力的綜合性試題，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诮獯鹪囶}時(shí)，以語(yǔ)篇為根本，根據(jù)試題所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境來(lái)作出正確的判斷與選擇。該類題型著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力。

在高考完形填空試題中，語(yǔ)境題所占比例最大，約在50%以上?？疾閷?duì)具體語(yǔ)境的理解是近幾年全國(guó)各省市高考完形填空的最大特點(diǎn)，充分體現(xiàn)了高考“突出語(yǔ)境、淡化語(yǔ)法”的改革思路和命題精神。語(yǔ)境題具體有三種考查方式：

[ 根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境考查下文語(yǔ)境]

例1 ?Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks ?1 ?than words. According to specialists，our bodies send out more ?2 ?than we realize. In fact，nonverbal communication （非言語(yǔ)交際） takes up about 50% of what we really ? 3 . And body language is particularly ?4 ， when we attempt to communicate across cultures. What is called body language is so much a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.

1. A. straighter ? ? B. louder

C. harder ? ? D. further

2. A. sands ? ? B. invitations

C. feelings ? ? D. messages

3. A. hope ? ? B. receive

C. discover ? D. mean

4. A. immediate ? B. misleading

C. important ? D. difficult

解析 ?1. B。根據(jù)上文Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all可知。

2. D。根據(jù)上文It speaks ?1 ?than words. 及下文In fact，nonverbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really ?3 可知。

3. D。根據(jù)上文It speaks ?1 ?than words. According to specialists，our bodies send out more ? ? 2 ?than we realize可知。

4. C。根據(jù)上文noverbal communication takes up about 50% of what we really mean（非語(yǔ)言交際大約占據(jù)了我們所要表達(dá)意思的50%）可知這里說(shuō)的是非語(yǔ)言交際（body languadge）的重要作用，and body languadge...后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文的遞進(jìn)，對(duì)body languadge的“重要作用”作進(jìn)一步的闡述。所以應(yīng)選important。

例2 ?Around twenty years ago I was living in York. Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree，I could not find satisfying work.

I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat. I had attended five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job. “Why has my life become so ? ? ? ? ？”I thought painfully.

A. hard ? ? ? B. busy

C. serious ? ? D. short

解析 ?A。根據(jù)上文I could not find satisfying work...to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat. I had attended five interviews with company and... they called to say I did not get the job.可知，生活艱難（hard）。

[ 利用下文語(yǔ)境考查上文語(yǔ)境]

例3 ?I wasnt the only one “new” at the game，so I decided to ? ? ? ? on learning the game，do my best at each practice session，and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt know “just yet”.

A. focus ? B. act

C. rely ? D. try

解析 ?A。根據(jù)下文do my best at each practice session可知作者下定決心學(xué)好籃球，把精力都集中在學(xué)習(xí)籃球上，故選A。focus on“把精力集中到……上”;act on“按照……而行動(dòng)”;rely on“依賴”;try on“試穿”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有focus on才能和learning the game連用。

例4 ?Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！... For example，different societies treat the ?1 ?between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having ?2 ，contact even with friends，certainly not with strangers...People from Latin American countries， on the other hand， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore，its possible that in conversation it may look like a Latino is ?3 ?a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving ?4 . The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep backing away which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.

1. A. trade ? B. distance

C. connections ? D. greetings

2. A. eye ? B. verbal

C. bodily ? D. telephone

3. A. disturbing ? B. helping

C. guiding ? D. following

4. A. closer ? B. faster

C. in ? D. away

解析 ?1. B。根據(jù)下文Northern Europeans usually do not like having ? 2 ? contact...touch each other quite a lot可知應(yīng)選distance。

2. C。根據(jù)下文People from Latin American countries on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot可知這里是指身體的（bodily）接觸。

3. D。根據(jù)下文The Latino，trying to express friendship...which the Latino will in return regard as coldness可推知。句意：因此，在談話時(shí)，就有可能看起來(lái)好像一個(gè)Latino跟著（following）一個(gè)Norwegian在屋里團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。

4. A。根據(jù)下文The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness（步步緊逼）可知應(yīng)選closer，表示拉丁美洲人跟在北歐人后面，越逼越緊。

[ 考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)境的綜合理解]

例5 ?Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite（炸藥）. The article read，“Dr. Alfred Nobel，who became ? ? ? ? by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”... Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to...

A. famous ? B. sick

C. rich ? D. popular

解析 ?C。由首句became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知應(yīng)選C。

例6 ?The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example，people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.

In one study，shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a（n） ? ? ? ?T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

A. expensive ? B. plain

C. cheap ? D. strange

解析 ?B。根據(jù)上文 The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.及下文than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words可知，應(yīng)選與offensive words相對(duì)的plain（素色的，無(wú)裝飾的，樸素的）。