“先完意，后完形”，英語(yǔ)完形填空解題策略

孫偉珍

完形填空旨在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上綜合考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對(duì)具體語(yǔ)境的把握能力。 “得閱讀者，得高分”，殊不知，完形填空更是一道高高的“門(mén)檻”，考生如果邁不過(guò)這道“門(mén)檻”，怎能得高分？

總攻略：“先完意，后完形”

考生要先理解作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和文章的主旨大意，再依據(jù)詞匯知識(shí)、句型知識(shí)和邏輯常識(shí)來(lái)做出判斷。

1.瀏覽全文，花2～3分鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀，重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件，即who，when，where，what。

2.注意首段和結(jié)尾段以及每個(gè)段落的首句，這樣有利于把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨大意。

3.先填上固定搭配、習(xí)慣表達(dá)等較容易的選項(xiàng)，對(duì)語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)義還不太明確的選項(xiàng)，則要結(jié)合上下文，反復(fù)推敲。

撒手锏一：了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，聯(lián)系全文，不能脫離上下文語(yǔ)境。

【典例1】（2014年安徽卷）

Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring， but I

38 to catch a taxi to my 39 and settle in. Next morning， I took another 40 to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.

...At the end of the day， she returned to take me back to my accommodation.

38.A. intended B. promised

C. managed D. deserved

39.A. hospital B. company

C. university D. accommodation

40.A. colleague B. passenger C. suitcase D. taxi

【點(diǎn)撥】38題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文照應(yīng)。intend打算、意圖，promise允諾，manage設(shè)法做到，deserve應(yīng)該得到。來(lái)到這個(gè)陽(yáng)光燦爛的地方，旅途讓人很疲憊，但我還是設(shè)法找到一輛出租車(chē)，乘車(chē)來(lái)到我的住宿點(diǎn)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

39題考查上下文照應(yīng)。根據(jù)take me back to my accommodation可知，我乘坐出租車(chē)來(lái)到住宿點(diǎn)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

40題從 another這個(gè)單詞可知，我又找了一輛出租車(chē)去購(gòu)物中心買(mǎi)紀(jì)念品。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【典例2】（2014年天津卷）

For almost four years， my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening Id eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A phone call， however， could never replace her 22 and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.

A. patience B. presence

C. intelligence D. influence

【點(diǎn)撥】這題考查語(yǔ)境照應(yīng)。patience耐心，presence在場(chǎng)、在家，intelligence智力，influence影響。雖然我每天都和媽媽通電話(huà)，但是僅僅通電話(huà)完全不能代替媽媽在場(chǎng)，說(shuō)明我很希望媽媽在我身邊。故B項(xiàng)正確。

撒手锏二：掌握常見(jiàn)的固定搭配，包括介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等。

【典例3】（2014年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I）

For example， on Christmas morning， children are excited about 43 with their new toys.

A. working B. living C. playing D. going

【點(diǎn)撥】work with與某人一起工作，live with同居、忍受，paly with玩耍，go with與……相配套。孩子們對(duì)新玩具總是很興奮，從句子意思可知，C項(xiàng)正確。

【典例4】（2014年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II）

They couldnt see or hear each other and， 28 ， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.

A. by mistake B. by chance C. by the way

D. by luck

【點(diǎn)撥】by mistake錯(cuò)誤地，by chance偶然地，by the way 順便說(shuō)一下，by luck僥幸。根據(jù)Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice可知，Simon錯(cuò)誤地把他的朋友推到峭壁邊上。故A項(xiàng)正確。

撒手锏三： 文中無(wú)閑句，句中無(wú)閑詞，注意文中表示分類(lèi)、對(duì)比、從屬、并列等關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)。

【典例5】（2014年天津卷）

It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 family and work.

25. A. when B. where C. which D. that

【點(diǎn)撥】這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【課后鞏固】

My 8-year-old son Kevin has made friends with some boys in the neighborhood. He has been 1 with them after school. My wife Qugen and I are 2 he has other kids to be with and we have 3 and encouraged him to play with his friends. We also want Kevin to learn 4 ， so we have asked him to tell us 5 hes going and to come home at a specified time.

The 6 started when Kevin didnt come home on time. On one occasion， I asked Kevin to be back at 18：00. By 18：30， I needed to go 7 him. I found him at a friends house， and he looked 8 that he couldnt continue playing. After we came home， I sat Kevin down for a talk about the 9 of keeping his word. I told him I was not worried about him arriving a few 10 late， but after half an hour， Im going to be 11 . He told me he understood.

The next day， I came home from work at about 18：30. Qugen asked me to go and get Kevin 12 she said he should be back home at 18：00 . I walked to his friends house and a look of 13 appeared on Kevins face when he came to the door.

At 14 ， Qugen and I spoke to Kevin about why he didn't come home on time again. He said he just wanted to 15 playing. This was 16 ， so Qugen and I decided to ground him for a week. This 17 no playing with his friends.

For the next week， whenever his friends came to ask for Kevin， we let him 18 to them that he was grounded. We felt this would help him be responsible for his 19 .

As a 20 ， I believe one of the most important things we can teach our kids is self-responsibility and that actions have consequences.

1. A. studying B. playing C. chatting D. quarreling

2. A. glad B. lucky C. worried D. sure

3. A. made B. allowed C. trained D. forced

4. A. amusements B. communication C. honesty D. responsibility

5. A. when B. why C. where D. whenever

6. A. changes B. conflicts C. worries D. problems

7. A. looking for B. picking up C. waiting for D. calling up

8. A. angry B. nervous C. disappointed D. ashamed

9. A. quality B. importance C. stories D. ways

10. A. hours B. minutes C. days D. times

11. A. satisfied B. shocked C. surprised D. concerned

12. A. if B. unless C. because D. so

13. A. guilt B. disappointment C. excitement D. hatred

14. A. home B. school C. work D. office

15. A. finish B. keep C. learn D. stop

16. A. impossible B. impolite C. unacceptable D. unbelievable

17. A. meant B. suggested C. showed D. implied

18. A. reply B. apologize C. tell D. explain

19. A. decisions B. words C. actions D. friends

20. A. teacher B. parent C. writer D. professor

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】

本文為一篇記敘文，作者作為一位父親，為了教育自己的孩子有責(zé)任感，要求他出去玩時(shí)要按時(shí)回家，但是孩子總是忘記時(shí)間，夫婦為此懲罰他一周不許出門(mén)。作者認(rèn)為教育孩子最重要的是教會(huì)他如何為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。

【答案詳解】

1—5 BABDC 6—10 DACBB 11—15 DCAAB

16—20 CADCB

【難點(diǎn)解析】

第4題， 對(duì)應(yīng)文章結(jié)尾的自我責(zé)任感self-responsibility，此處為我們也想逐漸培養(yǎng)凱文的責(zé)任感。amusement娛樂(lè)，communication交流，honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)。

第9題，我讓凱文坐下，和他談了談遵守諾言的重要性。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，考生容易誤選D。

第12題，第二天我18：30下班回家，Qugen要求我去找凱文，因?yàn)樗緫?yīng)該在18：00到家，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是因果關(guān)系。

第16題， 根據(jù)下文可知，我們對(duì)凱文的懲罰，可知此處為這是不能被接受的。impossible不可能，impolite沒(méi)禮貌，unbelievable難以置信的。