方紅偉 郭向東 李 峰
IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性關(guān)系的Meta分析
方紅偉1郭向東2,*李 峰1
目的:探討白細(xì)胞介素-10(IL-10)基因592A/C位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的關(guān)系。方法:檢索PubMed、Medline、EMbase等數(shù)據(jù)庫,搜集相關(guān)病例對(duì)照研究文獻(xiàn)。文獻(xiàn)經(jīng)篩選和方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)后,采用Stata12.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析,計(jì)算合并OR值及其95%CI,最后進(jìn)行敏感性分析及發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)估。結(jié)果:共16篇文獻(xiàn)納入研究,包括結(jié)核病患者(病例組)4 115例,健康體檢者(對(duì)照組)5 441例。Meta分析顯示,在各個(gè)遺傳模型中,IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。對(duì)納入研究以世界各洲為分層因素進(jìn)行分析,在亞洲人群中等位基因A者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于等位基因C者(OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.08-1.28,P<0.05);純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于純合子基因型CC者(OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.07-2.12,P<0.05);純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于AC+CC基因型者(OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.10-1.62,P<0.05)。經(jīng)Begg’s與Egger’s檢驗(yàn),納入的所有研究未見明顯發(fā)表偏倚。結(jié)論:IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性中等位基因A可能與亞洲人群結(jié)核病易感性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高有關(guān)。
白細(xì)胞介素10;基因多態(tài)性;結(jié)核??;Meta分析
結(jié)核病傳染性強(qiáng),有報(bào)道全世界有1/3的人感染過結(jié)核[1],但只有1/10發(fā)展為活動(dòng)性結(jié)核病,提示宿主易感性、環(huán)境因素和其它因素等對(duì)結(jié)核病的發(fā)生發(fā)展可能起重要作用[2]。白細(xì)胞介素-10(IL-10)是炎癥反應(yīng)多功能調(diào)節(jié)因子,可以抑制細(xì)胞增殖及Th細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)[3]。有研究表明,IL-10基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)單核苷酸多態(tài)性592A/C可影響其轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,從而影響宿主的免疫功能[4]。目前關(guān)于IL-10 -592A/C多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性關(guān)系的病例對(duì)照研究結(jié)論不一,使結(jié)果可信度受限。本文對(duì)1990-01-01-2014-05-01國內(nèi)外有關(guān)結(jié)核病易感性相關(guān)的病例對(duì)照研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行Meta分析,探討IL-10-592A/C多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的關(guān)系。
1.1 檢索策略
采用主題詞法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫PubMed、Medline和Embase進(jìn)行檢索,分別以“IL-10” 或“Interleukin-10”和“tuberculosis”,或“TB”,或“TB infection”,或“TB disease”,以及“polymorphism”,或“genotype”,或“variant”為英文檢索詞進(jìn)行檢索;同時(shí)以“IL-10”或“白介素-10”以及“結(jié)核病”,或“TB”,或“結(jié)核感染”和“多態(tài)性”,或“基因型”,或“基因變異”為中文關(guān)鍵詞檢索中國知網(wǎng)(CNKI)、中國生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBM)、維普資訊(VIP)和萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫(WanFang Data)。
1.2 納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的相關(guān)性病例對(duì)照研究,相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)詳細(xì);若為重復(fù)發(fā)表文獻(xiàn),選擇質(zhì)量最高且樣本量最大者(1篇)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):重復(fù)文獻(xiàn);綜述文獻(xiàn);無法獲取有效數(shù)據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)。
1.3 文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與資料提取
根據(jù)Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)原則[5]對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)從3個(gè)方面進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)估。(1)選擇性:疾病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否清楚,病例是否具有代表性,對(duì)照組描述是否清楚及定義是否明確;(2)可比性:所設(shè)計(jì)的病例對(duì)照研究是否具有可比性;(3)暴露性:病例對(duì)照研究是否發(fā)生暴露、暴露的方式及頻率。滿分10分,達(dá)到7分者為高質(zhì)量研究。本研究納入7分以上的文獻(xiàn)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用Stata 12.0軟件進(jìn)行分析并計(jì)算納入研究各模型基因頻率的OR值及其 95%CI,計(jì)算對(duì)照組的Hardy-Weinberg 平衡,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。采用χ2檢驗(yàn)分析各研究結(jié)果間的異質(zhì)性(檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.10),若各研究間不存在異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析,相反則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析。采用逐一排除研究的方法進(jìn)行敏感性分析,重新估計(jì)合并效應(yīng)量,并與排除前的合并效應(yīng)量進(jìn)行比較。采用Begg’s及Egger’s檢驗(yàn)評(píng)估文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)表偏倚。
2.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
初檢出相關(guān)文獻(xiàn) 88 篇,經(jīng)逐層篩選后,最終納入16個(gè)病例對(duì)照研究[6-21],共有結(jié)核病患者(病例組)4 115例,健康體檢者(對(duì)照組)5 441例。其中研究對(duì)象為亞洲人4篇,歐洲人3篇,美洲人4篇,非洲人5篇。納入研究的基本信息見表1。文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,納入研究的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確、基因檢測(cè)方法正確、結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)合理,16個(gè)研究均有等位基因數(shù)據(jù),其中12個(gè)研究的對(duì)照組符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡;4個(gè)研究的對(duì)照組不符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(本量不足的情況下,Hardy-Weinberg不平衡的研究也被納入)。
表1 納入研究的基本特征
2.2 Meta分析結(jié)果
異質(zhì)性分析結(jié)果顯示,除雜合子遺傳模型不存在明顯異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析外,其它模型均存在一定的異質(zhì)性,故采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。在各個(gè)遺傳模型中,IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。對(duì)納入研究以洲別為分層因素進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)果表明,亞洲人群中等位基因A者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于等位基因C者(OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.08-1.28,P<0.05);純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于純合子基因型CC者(OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.07-2.12,P<0.05);純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于AC+CC基因型者(OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.10-1.62,P<0.05)。見圖1、表2。
圖1 IL-10 -592A/C基因多態(tài)性各遺傳模型森林圖
表2 IL-10 -592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性關(guān)系的Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3 發(fā)表偏倚分析
各研究間均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的發(fā)表偏倚。見圖2、表3。
表3 各研究的發(fā)表偏倚評(píng)估
圖2 文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚分析的Begg’s漏斗圖
目前,發(fā)展中國家的結(jié)核病發(fā)病率最高。以往研究[2]表明,遺傳因素與結(jié)核病的發(fā)生有關(guān),故本研究對(duì)IL-10基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病的易感性進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。本研究所納入的16篇文獻(xiàn)中,12項(xiàng)研究的對(duì)照組符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并按前述質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)所有納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)分,納入文獻(xiàn)均為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。 本研究結(jié)果顯示,IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病總體發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系不大。但對(duì)納入研究以洲別為分層因素進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),亞洲人群中等位基因A者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于等位基因C者;純合子遺傳模型中純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于純合子基因型CC者;隱性遺傳模型中純合子基因型AA者結(jié)核病發(fā)病率高于AC+CC基因型者。說明IL-10-592A/C的A等位基因能增加亞洲人群患結(jié)核病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其生物學(xué)機(jī)制可能為與等位基因A相比,C等位基因可明顯提高IL-10轉(zhuǎn)錄位點(diǎn)與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的結(jié)合能力,導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)錄活性增高,上調(diào)IL-10蛋白表達(dá)水平,有利于機(jī)體清除外來病原菌,從而使結(jié)核病易感性降低。進(jìn)一步分析表明,除亞洲人群外,其它各洲人群在各個(gè)模型中的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性與結(jié)核病易感性的關(guān)系可能僅僅存在于亞洲人群中。
本研究的Begg’s與Egger’s檢驗(yàn)分析未發(fā)現(xiàn)各研究間存在顯著發(fā)表偏倚,因而認(rèn)為所納入的文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量較高,其結(jié)果也具有一定的可信度。但是,本研究尚存在以下局限性:各洲研究數(shù)量差異較大,進(jìn)行分析時(shí)有可能得出假陽性結(jié)果;且對(duì)所納入的病例對(duì)照研究沒有進(jìn)行更深入的亞組分析。
綜上所述,亞洲人群IL-10-592A/C基因多態(tài)性中等位基因模型、純合子模型以及隱性模型與結(jié)核病易感性有關(guān),但上述結(jié)論仍需更多高質(zhì)量、大規(guī)模的研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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本文第一作者簡介:
方紅偉(1976-),男,漢族,主治醫(yī)師,主要從事呼吸道細(xì)菌耐藥性研究
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促生長激素釋放肽通過mTOR/P70S6K信號(hào)通路抑制高糖誘導(dǎo)的人臍靜脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞凋亡
本刊編委,湖北省武漢市一醫(yī)院崔天盆教授(通訊作者)指導(dǎo)朱建華(第一作者)等在《Peptides》(2014,52:23-28,IF=2.6)發(fā)表了題為“Ghrelin proects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against high glucose-induced apoptosis via mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway”的研究論文,主要內(nèi)容如下:
1 研究背景和目的:促生長激素釋放肽(ghrelin)是從胃中分離出的一種新的能促進(jìn)垂體生長激素分泌的肽。研究表明ghrelin在多種細(xì)胞中發(fā)揮抗凋亡作用,但其抗凋亡分子機(jī)制仍不清楚。本文探討ghrelin通過與其受體GHSR1a結(jié)合發(fā)揮抗凋亡效應(yīng)的分子機(jī)制。
2 主要方法:(1)采用Western Blotting檢測(cè)人臍靜脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞HUVECs)表面促生長激素釋放肽受體(GHSR1a)的表達(dá)。(2)經(jīng)高糖誘導(dǎo)HUVECs凋亡;分別用ghrelin、ghrelin受體拮抗劑D-Lys-3-GHRP-6或哺乳類雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制劑Rapamycin處理HUVECs后,采用流式和TUNEL方法檢測(cè)HUVECs凋亡情況,采用Western Blotting檢測(cè)mTOR信號(hào)通路分子的磷酸化水平以及凋亡相關(guān)蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表達(dá)。
3 結(jié)果:(1)HUVEC能表達(dá)GHSR1a。(2)ghrelin可以抑制高糖誘導(dǎo)的HUVECs凋亡;而D-Lys-3-GHRP-6或Rapamycin能夠消除ghrelin的抗凋亡效應(yīng)。(3)ghrelin可誘導(dǎo)HUVECs的mTOR、P70S6K、S6磷酸化,D-Lys-3-GHRP-6能抑制ghrelin的這種誘導(dǎo)作用。(4)ghrelin還能促進(jìn)抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表達(dá),下調(diào)凋亡抑制蛋白Bax的表達(dá)。
4 結(jié)論:ghrelin通過與HUVEC表面GHSR1a結(jié)合活化mTOR/P70S6K信號(hào)通路而發(fā)揮抗凋亡效應(yīng);可減輕和緩解糖尿病患者因高血糖導(dǎo)致的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷。
Association of IL-10-592A/C Gene Polymorphism with Tuberculosis Risk: A Meta-analysis
FANG Hong-wei1, GUO Xiang-dong2,*, LI Feng1
1Department of Respiratory;2Department of Infections Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi 843000, China;*
Objective: To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter -592A/C polymorphism and tuberculosis(TB) susceptibility.Method: Such databases as PubMed, MEDLINE and EMbase data were searched to collect the case-control studies published. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened, the data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Then meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 sotware, the pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% conidence interval (CI) were calculated, and the sensitivity and publication bias were evaluated at the same time.Results: A total of 16 studies were included, which involved 4115 cases and 5441 healthy controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the IL-10 -592A/C polymorphism had no association with a increased risk of TB. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk of TB was associated with Asians in IL-10 -592A/C polymorphism (A vs. C: OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.08-1.28,P<0.05;AA vs. CC: OR=1.50, 95% CI= 1.07-2.12,P<0.05;AA vs. AC+CC: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.10-1.62,P<0.05). All of the included studies showed no publication bias by Begg's and Egger's test.Conclusion: IL-10 -592A/C polymorphism in allele A might be a genetic risk factor that increases TB susceptibility for Asians.
Interleukin 10;Gene polymorphism;Tuberculosis;Meta-analysis
石河子大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第四附屬醫(yī)院,石河子 843000;1呼吸科;2感染科 ;*
,E-mail:229497912@qq.com
本文2014-09-17收到,2014-10-16修回
R521
A
1005-1740(2015)01-0046-05