張桂英 陳小春
胃間質(zhì)瘤腹腔鏡與傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)治療對比研究
張桂英 陳小春
目的探討腹腔鏡與傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)治療胃間質(zhì)瘤的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。方法分析2005-2014年間暨南大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院外科手術(shù)治療的72例胃間質(zhì)瘤患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)手術(shù)方法的不同將72例患者分為腹腔鏡手術(shù)組(n= 35)和傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)組(n=37)。對2組患者的腫瘤直徑、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間、住院天數(shù)和手術(shù)費(fèi)用等臨床資料進(jìn)行對比分析研究。結(jié)果腹腔鏡組腫瘤直徑為(3.8±0.6)cm,明顯小于開腹組(5.3±1.2)cm;手術(shù)時(shí)間為(70.1±8.5)min,與開腹組(68.4±7.9)min比較無顯著性差異;術(shù)中出血量(40.0±5.5)ml,明顯少于開腹組(100.8 ±20.1)ml;術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間(23.6±3.3)h,明顯早于開腹組(35.2±5.8)h;住院時(shí)間(5.5±1.0)d,明顯短于開腹組(8.2 ±1.3)d;手術(shù)費(fèi)用方面,腹腔鏡組和開腹組分別為(36099±141)元和(33276±126)元,兩者無明顯差別。結(jié)論腹腔鏡胃間質(zhì)瘤手術(shù)具有創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)中出血量少、術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間早、住院時(shí)間短等優(yōu)點(diǎn);但對于直徑大于5 cm的胃間質(zhì)瘤而言,選擇開腹手術(shù)較為安全、合理。
胃間質(zhì)瘤;腹腔鏡;開腹手術(shù)
(The Practical Journal of Cancer,2015,30:917~918)
胃間質(zhì)瘤以往通常認(rèn)為是一種少見疾病,一經(jīng)明確診斷通常需要手術(shù)治療,但采取哪種手術(shù)方式目前仍存在較大爭議[1-2]。為此,我們對暨南大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院在2005-2014年間實(shí)施外科手術(shù)的72例胃間質(zhì)瘤患者,分開腹組和腹腔組進(jìn)行臨床綜合比較分析,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料
本組共72例,根據(jù)手術(shù)方法不同分成腹腔鏡組和開腹組。腹腔鏡組35例,男性18例,女性17例,年齡35~75歲,中位年齡59歲;腫瘤部位分布:胃竇13例,胃體14例,胃底6例,食管胃結(jié)合部2例;腫瘤直徑1.0~5.2 cm。開腹組37例,男性16例,女性21例,年齡32~80歲,中位年齡62歲;腫瘤部位分布:胃竇10例,胃體9例,胃底14例,食管胃結(jié)合部4例;腫瘤直徑1.5~15.5 cm。2組病例的年齡、性別及腫瘤部位分布等情況基本相當(dāng),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),腹腔鏡組腫瘤直徑明顯小于開腹組(P<0.01)。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
腹腔鏡組:局部切除20例,遠(yuǎn)端胃切除10例,近端胃切除4例,全胃切除1例。開腹組:局部切除11例,遠(yuǎn)端胃切除13例,近端胃切除10例,全胃切除3例。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
計(jì)數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料用t檢驗(yàn)。
2組患者腫瘤大小、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及住院費(fèi)用比較,見表1。結(jié)果顯示,腹腔鏡組腫瘤直徑明顯小于開腹組,手術(shù)時(shí)間與開腹組比較無顯著性差異;術(shù)中出血量明顯少于開腹組,術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間明顯早于開腹組,住院時(shí)間明顯短于開腹組,手術(shù)費(fèi)用與開腹組無明顯差別。本組72例患者全部治愈出院。
表1 2組患者各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較(ˉx±s)
傳統(tǒng)的胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)早已被公認(rèn)為一種安全、有效的治療胃間質(zhì)瘤的術(shù)式,然而此手術(shù)切口較長、創(chuàng)傷大以及對腹腔干擾大。近十幾年來隨著腹腔鏡技術(shù)的不斷提高和廣泛應(yīng)用,腹腔鏡技術(shù)在胃間質(zhì)瘤切除中的應(yīng)用也越來越受到重視。但腹腔鏡手術(shù)也有其局限性,尤其對體積較大的胃間質(zhì)瘤,腹腔鏡手術(shù)容易引起腫瘤破裂和導(dǎo)致腹腔種植,多數(shù)學(xué)者不推薦常規(guī)應(yīng)用[3-5]。為探討腹腔鏡與傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)治療胃間質(zhì)瘤的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),以便根據(jù)腫瘤大小等因素選擇合適的手術(shù)方法,我們回顧性分析2010-2014年間我院施行外科手術(shù)治療的72例GIST患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)手術(shù)方法的不同分為腹腔鏡手術(shù)組和傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)組,對2組患者的腫瘤直徑、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間、住院天數(shù)和手術(shù)費(fèi)用等臨床資料進(jìn)行對比分析,現(xiàn)歸納比較如下。
3.1 腹腔鏡胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
3.1.1 腹腔鏡胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 腹腔鏡胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)整個(gè)操作過程對腹壁肌肉組織無明顯損傷,對患者胃腸道干擾也少,術(shù)后恢復(fù)快,術(shù)后疼痛輕微,術(shù)后一般很少需要用止痛劑。術(shù)后1~2天恢復(fù)正?;顒?dòng),明顯縮短住院時(shí)間。本組結(jié)果顯示,腹腔鏡組較開腹組進(jìn)食時(shí)間及住院時(shí)間明顯縮短,患者術(shù)中腹壁皮膚只需要長分別為0.5 cm、1.0 cm和5.0 cm 3個(gè)小切口,術(shù)后瘢痕小或不留瘢痕,具有一定美學(xué)價(jià)值。腹腔的上述這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)得到大多數(shù)學(xué)者的認(rèn)同[6-7],尤其適合于肥胖、腫瘤體積較小的患者。
3.1.2 腹腔鏡胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)存在的缺點(diǎn) 主要存在三方面的劣勢,一是設(shè)備和麻醉要求高、術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備繁瑣。開展腹腔鏡需要昂貴的設(shè)備,對麻醉?xiàng)l件的要求也較高,一般認(rèn)為全身麻醉效果較好,基層醫(yī)院往往難以滿足這些要求。而在有條件的單位行腹腔鏡,術(shù)前又需要進(jìn)行較繁瑣的準(zhǔn)備,如器械消毒、安裝腹腔鏡設(shè)備等,整個(gè)手術(shù)時(shí)間因此延長。二是腹腔鏡下切除胃間質(zhì)瘤術(shù)中病灶定位有時(shí)比較困難,尤其是體積小或腔內(nèi)生長者,有時(shí)需要借助術(shù)中胃鏡定位。三是當(dāng)瘤體較大,特別是腫瘤直徑大于5.0 cm時(shí),腹腔鏡下切除手術(shù)操作較困難,容易造成腫瘤破裂、擴(kuò)散[2],取出標(biāo)本時(shí)也需要較大的腹壁切口,與開腹手術(shù)相比無明顯優(yōu)勢,有時(shí)還得被逼中轉(zhuǎn)開腹。
3.2 開腹胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
3.2.1 開腹胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) 腹胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)最大的優(yōu)勢在于手術(shù)安全、有效、可靠,術(shù)中可以做到定位準(zhǔn)確,可直視或手感找到腫瘤,無需胃鏡協(xié)助。開腹手術(shù)整個(gè)操作過程可以做到動(dòng)作輕柔,不至于造成腫瘤擠壓甚至破裂等,尤其適合腫瘤直徑大于5.0 cm胃間質(zhì)瘤的切除。
3.2.2 開腹胃間質(zhì)瘤切除術(shù)的缺點(diǎn) 采用開腹行胃間質(zhì)瘤切除手術(shù)的缺點(diǎn)也是顯而易見的,此手術(shù)方式所需要的切口較長、創(chuàng)傷大以及對腹腔干擾大等。本組研究結(jié)果顯示,開腹組術(shù)中出血量明顯多于腹腔鏡組,術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間明顯晚于腹腔鏡組,住院時(shí)間明顯長于腹腔鏡組,與Mochizuki等[8]研究結(jié)果一致。
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Study of Laparoscopic vs Open Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
ZHANG Guiying,CHEN Xiaochun.2nd Clinical Medical College of JI'nan University,Shenzhen,518020
ObjectiveTo compare the advantages and disadvantages of the laparoscope and conventional laparotomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).MethodsClinical data of 72 cases of GIST were retrospectively analyzed.According to surgical methods,they were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(n=35)and traditional open surgery group(n=37).Tumor diameter,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative eating time,hospitalization days and surgery cost between the 2 groups were comparatively analyzed.ResultsTumor diameter in the laparoscopic group was(3.8±0.6)cm,which was smaller than that of the open surgery group(5.3±1.2)cm;operation time in the laparoscopic group was(70.1±8.5)min,which had no significant difference compared with that of the open surgery group(68.4±7.9)min;intraoperative blood loss in the laparoscopic group was(40.0±5.5)ml,which was obviously less than that of the open surgery group(100.8±20.1)ml;postoperative eating time in the laparoscopic group was(23.6±3.3)h,which was obviously shorter than that of the open surgery group (35.2±5.8)h;hospitalization days in the laparoscopic group was(5.5±1.0)d,which was obviously shorter than that of the open surgery group(8.2±1.3)d;surgical cost in the laparoscopic group was(36099±141)yuan and that of the open surgery group was(33276±126)yuan,there had no significant difference.ConclusionLaparoscopic gastric surgery has the advantages of smaller trauma,less intraoperative blood loss,earlier postoperative eating time and shorter hospitalization time.But for GIST with diameter more than 5 cm,open surgery is safer and more reasonable.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST);Laparoscopy;Open surgery
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2015.06.040
R735.2
:A
:1001-5930(2015)06-0917-02
2015-02-04
2015-04-29)
(編輯:甘艷)
518020暨南大學(xué)第二臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院