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      淺談主謂一致的原則

      2015-02-10 13:14:21劉鵬
      中學生英語·中考指導版 2014年12期
      關鍵詞:保持一致單數(shù)復數(shù)

      劉鵬

      謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,這就叫主謂一致。針對近幾年中考出題特點,現(xiàn)對此內容做如下歸納:

      【課標考點】

      1. 掌握就近一致原則;

      2. 掌握意義一致原則;

      3. 掌握語法一致原則。

      一、就近一致原則(即謂語的單、復數(shù)取決于離謂語最近的主語的單、復數(shù)形式)

      1. there be句型(當主語是系列事物時,謂語與鄰近的主語保持一致。)

      例如:

      (1) There is a table and two chairs in the room. (房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。)

      (2) There are two chairs and a table in the room. (房間里有兩把椅子和一張桌子。)

      2. 由either ... or ...,neither ... nor ...,not only ... but also ...,not ... but ...等詞連接并列主語時,謂語動詞跟鄰近的主語保持一致。

      例如:

      (1) Either you or the twins are going to leave. (不是你就是這對雙胞胎要離開。)

      (2) Not only he but also I am invited. (不僅他還有我也被邀請了。)

      二、意義一致原則(即主、謂語在意義上保持一致關系。)

      1. 表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時,通常被看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. (他離開家鄉(xiāng)已經有二十年了。)

      (2) Ten dollars is enough. (十美元足夠了。)

      2. 在表達數(shù)學算式時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      Five and four is nine. (五加四等于九。)

      3. 以s結尾的名詞(news,maths,physics)本身不表示復數(shù)意義時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

      例如:

      (1) The news in the newspaper is true. (報紙上的這條消息是真的。)

      (2) Maths is not very hard. (數(shù)學不是很難。)

      4. “the+形容詞”表示一類人(the poor,the rich,the old,the young等)用作主語的,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

      例如:

      The old are taken good care of in this area. (這個地區(qū)的老人被照顧得很好。)

      5. 姓氏名詞復數(shù)前加the,表示一家人,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

      例如:

      The Greens are watching TV. (格林一家人正在看電視。)

      6. family,class,team,group等集體名詞作主語,若只一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù);若指具體成員,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) Class 2 is the best class in this school. (二班是這所學校最好的班。)[Class 2為整體]

      (2) Class 2 are the winners. (二班是勝利者。)[Class 2為全體成員]

      7. people,police等集體名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) The police are looking for the missing child. (警察正在尋找那個失蹤的孩子。)

      (2) The Chinese people are very friendly. (中國人很友好。)

      8. “a number of ...”作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù);“the number of ...”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) The number of the students in our class is 53. (我們班學生的數(shù)量是五十三個。)

      (2) A number of players come from Japan. (許多隊員來自日本。)

      9. all of,some of,most of,the rest of,a lot of,plenty of,分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+ of+ 名詞等短語作主語時,謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。

      例如:

      (1) A lot of students are waiting outside. (許多學生正在外面等著。)

      (2) A lot of water is polluted by people. (大量的水被人們污染了。)

      (3) Two thirds of boys like playing basketball. (三分之二的男孩喜歡打籃球。)

      (4) Two thirds of the watermelon is eaten by Tom. (三分之二的西瓜被湯姆吃了。)

      (5) Some students are reading in the classroom, the rest are playing on the playground. (一些學生正在讀書,其他的在操場上玩。)endprint

      10. 由and連接的并列主語,如果描述同一個人或同一種事物時,其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果描述不是同一人或事物,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) The writer and the teacher are playing chess. (這位作家和這位老師正在下棋。)

      (2) The writer and teacher is my friend. (這位作家兼教師是我的朋友。)

      三、語法一致原則(即主、謂語在語法形式上保持一致。)

      1. 主語后有with/ together with/ as well as/ without/ including/ besides/ except/ but等引導的短語作插入語時,謂語動詞要與主語一致而與插入語無關。

      例如:

      (1) Mary with her mother is shopping now. (瑪麗正在和她媽媽一起購物。)

      (2) All the students, including Tom, are going to the park. (所有的學生包括湯姆在內都要去公園。)

      2. 非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞等)短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English. (做大量練習是提高你英語的好方法。)

      (2) What I need is a good book. (我需要的是一本好書。)

      3. 不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,much,one等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

      例如:

      (1) Someone is waiting for you. (有人在等你。)

      (2) Neither of the answers is right. (兩個答案都不對。)

      4. 名詞shoes,glasses,pants,shorts,jeans等作主語時,謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。但是,如果這些名詞被a pair

      of修飾時,謂語動詞需用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) The shoes are under the bed. (鞋子在床下面。)

      (2) A pair of shoes is under the bed. (床下面有一雙鞋子。)

      5. 在定語從句中,關系代詞that,who,which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。

      例如:

      (1) This is the boy who wants to see you. (這就是想要見你的男孩。)

      (2) The boys who are playing football there are my best friends. (正在那兒踢足球的那些男生是我的好朋友。)

      6. each ... and each ...,every ... and every ...,no ... and no ...,many a and many a ... 結構中,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

      例如:

      (1) Every man and every woman is at work. (每個男人和每個女人都在工作中。)

      (2) No sound and no voice is heard for a long time. (很長時間沒有聽到一點聲音。)endprint

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