黃建新+黃建平+張旸+張黎仙+楊坤榮+陳清泉
[摘要] 目的 了解福建漢族人群肽酰脯氨?;樂串悩?gòu)酶1(Pin1)基因rs2233678(-842G/C)和rs2233679(-667T/C)多態(tài)性分布規(guī)律及其與肺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展的關(guān)系。 方法 采用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(PCR)技術(shù),對80例漢族肺癌患者和135例健康對照的Pin1基因啟動子進行擴增并對PCR產(chǎn)物直接測序,分析Pin1基因啟動子多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性及其臨床病理學(xué)特征的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 rs2233678位點只檢測到GG和GC兩種基因型,沒有檢測到CC基因型。rs2233678和rs2233679位點的等位基因和基因型分布在肺癌組和健康對照組中比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);其組成的單體型C-C、G-C和G-T均與肺癌發(fā)生風(fēng)險無相關(guān)性(P>0.05),rs2233678的基因型分布與肺癌的臨床病理學(xué)特征無相關(guān)性(P>0.05),rs2233679的基因型分布與肺癌病理類型呈弱相關(guān)(r=0.285,P=0.010)。 結(jié)論 rs2233678和rs2233679多態(tài)性可能與福建漢族人群肺癌易感性無關(guān),rs2233679的基因型分布與肺癌病理類型有一定的相關(guān)性。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺癌;肽酰脯氨?;樂串悩?gòu)酶1;多態(tài)性;易感性
[中圖分類號] R734.2 [文獻標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2014)10(c)-0004-04
肽酰脯氨?;樂串悩?gòu)酶1(peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1,Pin1)是一種高度保守、特異的肽脯氨?;樂串悩?gòu)酶,能特異性地催化磷酸化絲/蘇-脯氨酸基序發(fā)生順反異構(gòu),影響許多癌基因信號通路中β-catenin[1]、NF-кB[2]等關(guān)鍵蛋白的活性和穩(wěn)定性,在細(xì)胞增殖和腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起重要作用[3],被認(rèn)為是一種新的腫瘤預(yù)后因子和抗癌治療的靶標(biāo)[3-6]。Pin1基因多態(tài)性的研究主要集中在啟動子區(qū)的-842G/C(rs2233678)和-667T/C(rs2233679)兩個多態(tài)性位點上。流行病學(xué)研究顯示,Pin1基因多態(tài)性與乳腺癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、頭頸部鱗癌及喉部鱗癌等多種腫瘤易感性密切相關(guān),但研究結(jié)果存在明顯的分歧:有些研究者認(rèn)為,-842G/C的C基因變異是腫瘤發(fā)生的保護因子,可以降低亞洲人和白種人群頭頸部鱗癌、肺癌和乳腺癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險[7-11];有些研究顯示,-667T基因可以明顯降低亞洲人群的腫瘤易感性[8];還有研究認(rèn)為-842G/C[12]和-667T/C[7,10-12]與腫瘤的易感性無關(guān)。至今仍未見Pin1基因多態(tài)性與福建地區(qū)漢族人群肺癌易感性的報道,因此,為明確Pin1基因多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性和臨床病理特征的關(guān)系,本研究對福建漢族肺癌患者Pin1基因的rs2233678(-842G/C)和rs2233679(-667T/C)多態(tài)性位點進行分析。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2013年7~12月在本院住院并手術(shù)確診的80例肺癌患者作為肺癌組,其中男性52例(65.0%),女性28例(35.0%);平均年齡為(59.1±11.8)歲;腺癌54例(67.5%),鱗癌17例(21.3%),其他類型肺癌9例(11.2%)。同時選取同期135例體檢正常者作為健康對照組,其中男性79例(58.5%),女性56例(41.5%);平均年齡為(57.6±11.3)歲。兩組的年齡、性別比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。所有研究對象均為出生并長期生活在福建地區(qū)的漢族人。
1.2 檢測方法
1.2.1 基因組DNA抽提 知情同意后,取患者及健康對照外周靜脈血2 ml,EDTA抗凝。所有標(biāo)本置入-20℃保存?zhèn)溆没蛄⒓窗丛噭┖胁僮鞑襟E進行DNA提取。全血基因組DNA抽提試劑盒由北京康為世紀(jì)生物科技有限公司提供。
1.2.2 PCR引物及PCR反應(yīng) 應(yīng)用Primer 5.0軟件自行設(shè)計引物,上游引物:5′-AGGGTTCTATGCTAGGTGAACTG-3′;下游引物:5′-TATTGGCTAGACGCGCTCTG-3′(生工生物工程上海股份有限公司合成),該引物擴增產(chǎn)物為919 bp,包含Pin1基因啟動子區(qū)-842G/C(rs2233678)和-667T/C(rs2233679)區(qū)域。根據(jù)文獻[13]配制PCR反應(yīng)體系,在ABI 2720型PCR儀上95℃預(yù)變性5 min后,進行95℃ 30 s→55℃ 30 s→72℃ 1 min,循環(huán)35次,72℃再延伸10 min。1.5%的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳觀察結(jié)果。
1.2.3 PCR產(chǎn)物純化和回收 使用普通瓊脂糖凝膠DNA回收試劑盒(天根生化科技有限公司),按使用說明操作,進行PCR產(chǎn)物的純化和回收。
1.2.4 測序 純化后的PCR產(chǎn)物用全自動測序儀(ABI377型,Applied Biosystems公司)進行測序。
1.2.5 臨床病理資料收集 收集所有肺癌患者的病理組織類型及TNM分期等資料,并記錄所有研究對象的年齡、性別等一般資料。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析和處理,計量資料以x±s表示,采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,相關(guān)性強度采用Spearman相關(guān)分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679位點的各基因型
對80例肺癌組和135例健康對照組的Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679位點進行測序分析,rs2233678位點只檢測到GG和GC兩種基因型,未檢測到CC基因型;rs2233679位點TT、TC和TT三種基因型均可檢測到。rs2233678和rs2233679位點的各基因型見圖1。
2.2 Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679基因型頻率、單體型頻率及其與肺癌易感性的關(guān)系
肺癌組和健康對照組中Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679位點基因型頻率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律;rs2233678和rs2233679等位基因、基因型和單體型頻率在肺癌組和健康對照組中比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.3 Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679基因型與肺癌臨床病理學(xué)特征的關(guān)系
Pin1基因rs2233678基因型頻率與病理類型、TNM分期無關(guān)(P>0.05);rs2233679基因型頻率與病理類型呈弱相關(guān)(r=0.285,P=0.010)(表2、表3)。
3 討論
Pin1基因定位于19p13,編碼含163個氨基酸殘基的核蛋白Pin1,相對分子量為18,包含兩個功能結(jié)構(gòu)域:N端的WW區(qū)和C端的肽基脯氨酰異構(gòu)酶活性區(qū)[3]。Pin1在許多腫瘤中高表達[14-15],不僅可以引起多條腫瘤信號通路關(guān)鍵蛋白的構(gòu)象變化[2],而且影響DNA的損傷修復(fù)[16],在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起重要作用。
本研究首次描述了福建漢族人群Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679位點的多態(tài)性分布規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)rs2233678和rs2233679位點的等位基因、基因型分布及其單體型均與肺癌風(fēng)險無關(guān),rs2233679基因型分布與肺癌的病理類型僅呈弱相關(guān),與Naidu等[12]對乳腺癌的研究基本一致。與本研究結(jié)果不一致的是Lu等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn)rs2233678的C基因變異明顯降低患肺癌的風(fēng)險,進一步的功能研究發(fā)現(xiàn)C基因變異可以降低轉(zhuǎn)錄活性;Zhu等[8]發(fā)現(xiàn)rs2233679的T基因型明顯降低亞洲人的患癌易感性。相關(guān)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)rs2233679多態(tài)性與患癌風(fēng)險無關(guān)[7,11]。研究結(jié)果不一致,一方面可能是樣本量的大小不同所致,另一方面可能是不同地區(qū)的患者可能有不同的種族或遺傳背景所致[11,17]。這些差異可能會改變多態(tài)性位點的等位基因和基因型頻率在病例組和對照組中的分布,進而影響多態(tài)性位點與患癌風(fēng)險的統(tǒng)計效力,因此,有必要進行多地區(qū)、多種族的大樣本量研究來進一步證實Pin1基因多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性的關(guān)系。
綜上所述,Pin1基因rs2233678和rs2233679位點多態(tài)性可能與福建漢族肺癌風(fēng)險無關(guān),rs2233679的基因型分布與肺癌病理類型有一定的相關(guān)性,這為Pin1多態(tài)性與腫瘤易感性的研究豐富了數(shù)據(jù),也為無法手術(shù)的肺癌患者的病理類型推測提供了思路。當(dāng)然,由于本研究的樣本量有限,也沒有進行rs2233678和rs2233679基因型與Pin1表達量及活性的研究,因此,有關(guān)Pin1基因多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性仍有待于進一步深入研究。
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[12] Naidu R,Har YC,Taib NA.Analysis of peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1(PIN1)gene -842(G>C)and -667(T>C)polymorphic variants in relation to breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters[J].Scand J Clin Lab Invest,2011,71(6):500-506.
[13] Chen Q,Xue H,Chen M,et al.High serum trypsin levels and the -409 T/T genotype of PRSS1 gene are susceptible to neonatal sepsis[J].Inflammation,2014,37(5):1751-1756.
[14] Bao L,Kimzey A,Sauter G,et al.Prevalent overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 in human cancers[J].Am J Pathol,2004,164(5):1727-1737.
[15] Ibanez K,Boullosa C,Tabares-Seisdedos R,et al.Molecular evidence for the inverse comorbidity between central nervous system disorders and cancers detected by transcriptomic meta-analyses[J].PLoS Genet,2014,10(2):e1004173.
[16] Brenkman AB,de Keizer PL,van den Broek NJ,et al.The peptidyl-isomerase Pin1 regulates p27kip1 expression through inhibition of forkhead box O tumor suppressors[J].Cancer Res,2008,68(18):7597-7605.
[17] Li Q,Dong Z,Lin Y,et al.The rs2233678 polymorphism in PIN1 promoter region reduced cancer risk:a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(7):e68148.
(收稿日期:2014-08-11 本文編輯:李亞聰)
[9] Xu HR,Xu ZF,Sun YL,et al.The -842G/C polymorphisms of PIN1 contributes to cancer risk:a meta-analysis of 10 case-control studies[J].PLoS One,2013,8(8):e71516.
[10] Peng JJ,Wei D,Li D,et al.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PIN1 promoter region and cancer risk:evidence from a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(8):e70990.
[11] Lu J,Yang L,Zhao H,et al.The polymorphism and haplotypes of PIN1 gene are associated with the risk of lung cancer in Southern and Eastern Chinese populations[J].Hum Mutat,2011,32(11):1299-1308.
[12] Naidu R,Har YC,Taib NA.Analysis of peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1(PIN1)gene -842(G>C)and -667(T>C)polymorphic variants in relation to breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters[J].Scand J Clin Lab Invest,2011,71(6):500-506.
[13] Chen Q,Xue H,Chen M,et al.High serum trypsin levels and the -409 T/T genotype of PRSS1 gene are susceptible to neonatal sepsis[J].Inflammation,2014,37(5):1751-1756.
[14] Bao L,Kimzey A,Sauter G,et al.Prevalent overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 in human cancers[J].Am J Pathol,2004,164(5):1727-1737.
[15] Ibanez K,Boullosa C,Tabares-Seisdedos R,et al.Molecular evidence for the inverse comorbidity between central nervous system disorders and cancers detected by transcriptomic meta-analyses[J].PLoS Genet,2014,10(2):e1004173.
[16] Brenkman AB,de Keizer PL,van den Broek NJ,et al.The peptidyl-isomerase Pin1 regulates p27kip1 expression through inhibition of forkhead box O tumor suppressors[J].Cancer Res,2008,68(18):7597-7605.
[17] Li Q,Dong Z,Lin Y,et al.The rs2233678 polymorphism in PIN1 promoter region reduced cancer risk:a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(7):e68148.
(收稿日期:2014-08-11 本文編輯:李亞聰)
[9] Xu HR,Xu ZF,Sun YL,et al.The -842G/C polymorphisms of PIN1 contributes to cancer risk:a meta-analysis of 10 case-control studies[J].PLoS One,2013,8(8):e71516.
[10] Peng JJ,Wei D,Li D,et al.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PIN1 promoter region and cancer risk:evidence from a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(8):e70990.
[11] Lu J,Yang L,Zhao H,et al.The polymorphism and haplotypes of PIN1 gene are associated with the risk of lung cancer in Southern and Eastern Chinese populations[J].Hum Mutat,2011,32(11):1299-1308.
[12] Naidu R,Har YC,Taib NA.Analysis of peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1(PIN1)gene -842(G>C)and -667(T>C)polymorphic variants in relation to breast cancer risk and clinico-pathological parameters[J].Scand J Clin Lab Invest,2011,71(6):500-506.
[13] Chen Q,Xue H,Chen M,et al.High serum trypsin levels and the -409 T/T genotype of PRSS1 gene are susceptible to neonatal sepsis[J].Inflammation,2014,37(5):1751-1756.
[14] Bao L,Kimzey A,Sauter G,et al.Prevalent overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 in human cancers[J].Am J Pathol,2004,164(5):1727-1737.
[15] Ibanez K,Boullosa C,Tabares-Seisdedos R,et al.Molecular evidence for the inverse comorbidity between central nervous system disorders and cancers detected by transcriptomic meta-analyses[J].PLoS Genet,2014,10(2):e1004173.
[16] Brenkman AB,de Keizer PL,van den Broek NJ,et al.The peptidyl-isomerase Pin1 regulates p27kip1 expression through inhibition of forkhead box O tumor suppressors[J].Cancer Res,2008,68(18):7597-7605.
[17] Li Q,Dong Z,Lin Y,et al.The rs2233678 polymorphism in PIN1 promoter region reduced cancer risk:a meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(7):e68148.
(收稿日期:2014-08-11 本文編輯:李亞聰)