蘇曉恩等
[摘要] 目的 探討自然殺傷T細胞(NKT)在髖關節(jié)骨關節(jié)炎(HO)患者的表達與臨床意義。 方法 收集45例HO患者外周血,采用流式細胞術檢測其內(nèi)NKT及其胞內(nèi)細胞因子γ干擾素(IFN-γ)及白介素4(IL-4)的含量。并與45例類風濕性關節(jié)炎(RA)患者進行對比。結(jié)果 與健康對照組比較,RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著降低差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);在IL-4的比較方面,RA組顯著低于對照組,但HO組IL-4與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.098)。治療后RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,均以HO回升幅度明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計學變化,而HO組較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組(P=0.006)。結(jié)論 NKT在HO免疫機制當中起到重要作用,其細胞因子IL-10在HO與RA的鑒別起到重要作用,且IFN-γ與療效密切相關。
[關鍵詞] 骨關節(jié)炎;自然殺傷T細胞;細胞因子;γ干擾素
[中圖分類號] R684.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2014)06(b)-0025-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of natural killer T cells (NKT) in patients with hip osteoarthritis(HO). Methods The peripheral blood of 45 patients with HO was collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of NKT and intracellular cytokine gamma interferon(IFN-γ) and interleukin 4(IL-4), and compared with 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results Compared with the healthy controls, NKT and IFN-γ of the patients in RA group and HO group were significantly lower(P<0.05); in terms of IL-4, compared with the control group, the IL-4 of RA group was lower, but the difference in IL-4 between HO group and control group was not statistically significant(P=0.098). After the treatment, the level of NKT, IFN-gamma and IL-4 of RA group and HO group increased at different levels as compared with those before treatment, and those of HO group increased significantly(P<0.05); IFN-gamma frequency of RA group after treatment showed no statistically change as compared with that before treatment, but that of HO group increased significantly compared with that before treatment, and IFN-gamma frequency of HO group was obviously higher than that of RA group(P=0.006). Conclusion The NKT play an important role in the HO immunity mechanism, the cytokine IL-10 plays an important role in differentiating HO and RA, and is closely related to the curative effect of IFN-gamma.
[Key words] Osteoarthritis; Natural killer T cells; Cytokines; Gamma interferon
目前國外研究發(fā)現(xiàn)免疫異常是骨關節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)病情進展的重要機制[1]。國內(nèi)外研究已發(fā)現(xiàn)具有自然殺傷細胞(NK)和T細胞(TC)雙重活性的自然殺傷T細胞(NKT)在類風濕性關節(jié)炎(RA)患者表達減少,是RA病情加重的重要免疫因素[2]。為探討自然殺傷T細胞(NKT)在髖關節(jié)骨關節(jié)炎(HO)患者的表達與臨床意義,該研究選取2011年1月—2013年6月該院骨科就診的45例HO患者為研究對象,推測NKT可能在OA的發(fā)病機制起到重要作用。該研究通過流式細胞術觀察髖關節(jié)骨關節(jié)炎(HO) 患者外周血NKT及其胞內(nèi)細胞因子γ干擾素(IFN-γ)及白介素4(IL-4)的含量,發(fā)現(xiàn)其呈一定的特征性變化,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取該院骨科就診的45例HO患者股骨頭作為觀察組,同時排除類風濕性關節(jié)炎、痛風等其他疾病[3]。另外選取同期就診的RA患者45例作為對照組。其中HO組男性31例,女性14例,年齡(55.3±10.8)歲;RA組男33例,女12例,年齡(53.7±11.9)歲;并選取同期到院體檢的健康志愿者40名作為參考,男20例,女10例,年齡(51.6±10.7)歲。endprint
1.2 標本采集與治療
清晨空腹抽取以上3組的靜脈血約5 mL。采用NSAID類抗炎藥對HO及RA組患者進行治療,4周后再次采集外周血[4]。以上標本均抗凝保存于4℃冰箱內(nèi)待測。
1.3 流式細胞術
CD3、CD16、CD56、IFN-γ及IL-4細胞因子抗體均購自南京建成生物工程研究所。多色流式細胞術為Beckman產(chǎn)品。將以上3組外周血抗凝標本采用流式細胞儀檢測NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4的頻率[5]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計方法
計量資料采用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用兩獨立樣本t檢驗比較兩組間的差異,運用配對t檢驗比較治療前后的指標變化,計數(shù)資料采用χ2分析LSD法進行3組間的兩兩比較,使用統(tǒng)計軟件包SPSS 13.0分析數(shù)據(jù)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 3組的NKT及其細胞因子比較
與健康組比較,RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。在IL-4的比較方面,RA組顯著低于對照組,但HO組IL-4與對照組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P-0.098),見表1、圖1。
2.2 治療前后NKT及其細胞因子的變化情況
治療后RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,均以HO回升幅度明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計學變化,而HO組較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組(P=0.006),見表2。
3 討論
骨關節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)是一種臨床常見慢性關節(jié)疾病,其發(fā)病率隨著著社會的老齡化而增高。來自Yoshiga等[6]的流行病學調(diào)查顯示OA在女性患病率中占第四位,在男性患病率中占第八位;其中60~70歲的老年人的OA患病率約為60%,70歲以上的老年人的OA患病率約為70%,其病理改變主要是關節(jié)軟骨滑膜增生、關節(jié)囊攣縮,軟骨面破壞、軟骨下骨囊性改變、關節(jié)邊緣骨贅形成、肌萎縮、韌帶松弛等及肌肉萎縮無力等。最近Liu等[7]報道OA累及髖關節(jié)的發(fā)病率越來越高,可能與該關節(jié)的骨質(zhì)疏松病理學基礎有關,因此該研究選擇髖關節(jié)骨關節(jié)炎(HO)作為觀察對象。
Lfgren等[8]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HO的發(fā)病機制與免疫因素的異常密不可分,尤其與T細胞更為相關。Jung等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn),由CD4+及CD8+T細胞功能障礙介導的細胞免疫異常在OA的軟骨破壞過程起到至關重要作用。因此T細胞的異常是近年OA機制的免疫學研究熱點。自然殺傷T細胞(NKT),是一種免疫調(diào)節(jié)細胞,同時表達T細胞標志性的CD3分子,又表達NK細胞的CD16及CD56分子,從而具備自然殺傷細胞(NK)和T細胞(TC)雙重免疫活性。NKT細胞可在抗原刺激下體外大量擴增,呈TH0樣細胞因子分泌,激活后可以產(chǎn)生IFN-γ(屬于Th1細胞因子,介導細胞免疫)及IL-4(屬于Th2細胞因子,介導體液免疫)等細胞因子,并具有細胞毒性作用[10]。Jacques等[11]報道在類風濕性關節(jié)炎(RA)患者表達減少,是RA病情加重的重要免疫因素。綜合上述研究背景,推測OA的發(fā)病機制與病情進展可能與NKT密切相關。
該研究結(jié)果提示:RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著低于健康志愿者;但IL-4的情況有所不同——僅RA組顯著低于健康組,但HO組IL-4與對照組無統(tǒng)計學差異,這說明IL-4對于HO與RA的鑒別診斷有價值。從治療后的變化看,RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,仍以HO回升幅度明顯;但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計學變化,而HO組IFN-γ較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組,這與Miellot-Gafsou等[12]的結(jié)果相一致。以上說明一個更為重要的現(xiàn)象:IFN-γ對于評價HO的病情進展與預后更有價值,因此具有重要的臨床意義。
通過該研究,NKT在HO的發(fā)病機制當中起到重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,其活性降低是一個重要環(huán)節(jié),治療后NKT及IFN-γ含量的上升從而病情恢復,是HO的重要免疫調(diào)節(jié)治療依據(jù)。
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[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[5] de Menthon M, Lambert M, Guiard E, et al. Excessive interleukin-15 transpresentation endows NKG2D+CD4+ T cells with innate-like capacity to lyse vascular endothelium in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)[J].Arthritis Rheum,2011,63(7):2116-2126.
[6] Yoshiga Y, Goto D, Segawa S, et al. Activation of natural killer T cells by α-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic glycolipid ligand, suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2011,164(2):236-247.
[7] Liu Y, Shu Q, Gao L, et al. Increased Tim-3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis negatively correlates with disease activity[J].Clin Immunol,2010,137(2):288-295.
[8] Lfgren SE, Delgado-Vega AM, Gallant CJ, et al. A 3'-untranslated region variant is associated with impaired expression of CD226 in T and natural killer T cells and is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(11):3404-3414.
[9] Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, et al. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis[J].Exp Mol Med,2010,42(8):547-554.
[10] Tudhope SJ, von Delwig A, Falconer J, et al. Profound invariant natural killer T-cell deficiency in inflammatory arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(10):1873-1879.
[11] Jacques P, Venken K, Van Beneden K, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(4):988-999.
[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[5] de Menthon M, Lambert M, Guiard E, et al. Excessive interleukin-15 transpresentation endows NKG2D+CD4+ T cells with innate-like capacity to lyse vascular endothelium in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)[J].Arthritis Rheum,2011,63(7):2116-2126.
[6] Yoshiga Y, Goto D, Segawa S, et al. Activation of natural killer T cells by α-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic glycolipid ligand, suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2011,164(2):236-247.
[7] Liu Y, Shu Q, Gao L, et al. Increased Tim-3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis negatively correlates with disease activity[J].Clin Immunol,2010,137(2):288-295.
[8] Lfgren SE, Delgado-Vega AM, Gallant CJ, et al. A 3'-untranslated region variant is associated with impaired expression of CD226 in T and natural killer T cells and is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(11):3404-3414.
[9] Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, et al. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis[J].Exp Mol Med,2010,42(8):547-554.
[10] Tudhope SJ, von Delwig A, Falconer J, et al. Profound invariant natural killer T-cell deficiency in inflammatory arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(10):1873-1879.
[11] Jacques P, Venken K, Van Beneden K, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(4):988-999.
[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint