田樹(shù)平,李春平,吳 芳,李穎娜,宋 翔,甘 露,常瑞萍,具海月,楊 立
1中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院放射科,北京 100853
中國(guó)人民解放軍海軍總醫(yī)院 2放射科 3內(nèi)分泌科,北京 100048
多排螺旋CT冠狀動(dòng)脈造影在中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)術(shù)前排除冠心病的價(jià)值
田樹(shù)平1,2,李春平3,吳 芳1,李穎娜1,宋 翔1,甘 露1,常瑞萍1,具海月1,楊 立1
1中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院放射科,北京 100853
中國(guó)人民解放軍海軍總醫(yī)院2放射科3內(nèi)分泌科,北京 100048
目的評(píng)價(jià)冠狀動(dòng)脈CT造影 (CCTA)用于中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)術(shù)前排除冠心病,避免無(wú)必要侵襲性冠狀動(dòng)脈造影 (ICA)的價(jià)值。方法選取解放軍總醫(yī)院2013年1月至6月擬行中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)、需要術(shù)前行ICA的患者157例,其中高危險(xiǎn)度手術(shù)17例,中危險(xiǎn)度手術(shù)140例。采用多排螺旋CT行術(shù)前CCTA。術(shù)后隨訪6~11個(gè)月,觀察心血管事件發(fā)生情況,包括急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征及繼發(fā)于急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征的死亡、心律失常、冠狀動(dòng)脈血管重建及心力衰竭。比較非心臟手術(shù)前未行ICA的患者和行ICA的患者術(shù)后心血管事件的發(fā)生率。結(jié)果157例患者中,145例(92.4%)的CCTA圖像可用于診斷冠心病,其中37例無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,88例有冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化但管腔狹窄<50%,此125例患者術(shù)前未再行ICA檢查;經(jīng)術(shù)前手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,118例按期手術(shù),7例經(jīng)內(nèi)科治療后擇期手術(shù)。CCTA顯示20例有冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化且管腔狹窄≥50%,于CCTA后3~7 d內(nèi)進(jìn)行了ICA檢查,其中18例確診。根據(jù)CCTA及ICA結(jié)果,經(jīng)術(shù)前手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,11例患者按期手術(shù),9例在冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化得到干預(yù)后再行手術(shù)。CCTA所示血管狹窄程度對(duì)手術(shù)計(jì)劃的影響有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.0001)。12例患者的CCTA圖像不可用于診斷,術(shù)前進(jìn)行了ICA檢查,其中4例顯示為管腔狹窄≥50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。在非心臟手術(shù)前未行ICA的患者和行ICA的患者比較,術(shù)后心血管事件的發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P=0.45)。結(jié)論擬行中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)的患者術(shù)前行CCTA可有效診斷冠心病。CCTA表現(xiàn)正常或管腔狹窄<50%的患者術(shù)前可免除ICA檢查。
多排螺旋CT冠狀動(dòng)脈造影;非心臟手術(shù);術(shù)前;冠心病;侵襲性冠狀動(dòng)脈造影;心血管事件
Acta Acad Med Sin,2014,36(3):255-260
非心臟手術(shù)患者圍手術(shù)期嚴(yán)重冠心病的發(fā)生率為8% ~41%[1-2],而且一般不出現(xiàn)心絞痛等典型的臨床癥狀。此外,圍手術(shù)期因心血管事件死亡的患者中,約有一半是非心臟手術(shù)患者[3-4],因此有必要對(duì)非心臟手術(shù)患者術(shù)前進(jìn)行圍手術(shù)期心血管事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估[5]。侵襲性冠狀動(dòng)脈造影 (invasive coronary angiography,ICA)是確診冠心病的“金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,但因?yàn)槭怯袆?chuàng)檢查,臨床應(yīng)用受到一定限制[6]。冠狀動(dòng)脈CT造影 (coronary CT angiography,CCTA)具有較高的陰性預(yù)測(cè)值,尤其是用于具有輕到中等冠心病危險(xiǎn)因素的患者可有效排除冠心?。?-8]。因此,該技術(shù)已經(jīng)用于非冠狀動(dòng)脈手術(shù)的術(shù)前篩選,但僅限于竇性心律的心臟瓣膜病患者等非冠狀動(dòng)脈手術(shù)患者[9-12],尚未推廣至所有非心臟手術(shù)的術(shù)前評(píng)估。臨床上尚缺乏采用多排螺旋CCTA在中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)患者中術(shù)前排除冠心病的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)。本研究觀察了多排螺旋CCTA在中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)中術(shù)前排除冠心病的應(yīng)用,以期為采用該技術(shù)避免無(wú)必要ICA提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)。
對(duì)象連續(xù)選取2013年1月至6月在中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院擬行非心臟手術(shù)并需要術(shù)前行ICA的患者。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)手術(shù)有發(fā)生中、高危險(xiǎn)度心血管事件的可能[高危手術(shù):圍術(shù)期心血管事件發(fā)生率>5%,包括急診大手術(shù)、主動(dòng)脈及其他大血管手術(shù)、外周血管手術(shù)、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間伴大量血液丟失的手術(shù);中危手術(shù):圍術(shù)期心血管事件發(fā)生率1%~5%,包括頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜剝離術(shù)、頭頸部手術(shù)、腹部手術(shù)、胸部手術(shù)、矯形手術(shù)、前列腺手術(shù)等;心血管事件包括急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征 (acute coronary syndrome,ACS)以及繼發(fā)于ACS的死亡、心律失常、冠狀動(dòng)脈血管重建及心衰等[5]];(2)高齡患者,男性≥60歲,女性≥65歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)不宜行CCTA的患者,如碘劑過(guò)敏、腎功能衰竭等[13]; (2)曾行經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療或冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)者。本研究經(jīng)中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有入選患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
方法對(duì)于CCTA表現(xiàn)為無(wú)冠心病或管腔狹窄<50%的冠心病患者,術(shù)前不再進(jìn)行ICA;對(duì)于CCTA顯示管腔狹窄≥50%的冠心病患者,術(shù)前行 ICA; CCTA圖像不能診斷的患者術(shù)前行ICA。根據(jù)CCTA及ICA結(jié)果評(píng)估手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),做出放棄手術(shù)治療或進(jìn)行冠心病治療后再擇期手術(shù)的建議。
CT檢查:采用雙源CT掃描機(jī) (Somatom Definition,德國(guó)Siemens公司)。患者在行CT檢查前禁食至少4 h,檢查前3 min患者常規(guī)含服硝酸甘油1片,以獲得最理想的圖像。心率大于65次/min的患者在檢查前1 h口服美托洛爾。先做胸部屏氣正側(cè)位定位像,再平掃以便進(jìn)行鈣化積分分析,然后行冠狀動(dòng)脈強(qiáng)化掃描,回顧性心電門(mén)控屏氣技術(shù)掃描。掃描范圍為支氣管分叉至心臟膈面。CT機(jī)架旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間0.33 s,掃描參數(shù)為管電壓100或120 kV,最大管電流為350 mA,視野250 mm;重建函數(shù),軟組織卷積函數(shù)B26f,對(duì)于冠狀動(dòng)脈鈣化斑塊較明顯的病例加做B46f函數(shù)重建;矩陣為512×512,掃描層厚0.75 mm,間距0.5 mm,準(zhǔn)直0.6×2×32 mm,螺距0.2~0.3。采用心電門(mén)控管電流調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù)降低放射劑量 (本研究中的有效放射劑量為5.7~15.2 mSv)。采用Medrad Envision CT雙筒高壓注射器以5.0 ml/s的速度經(jīng)肘前臂靜脈注射75~100 ml造影劑 (碘必樂(lè)370),然后以同樣速度注入生理鹽水30 ml。在主動(dòng)脈根部層面選擇感興趣平面測(cè)定循環(huán)時(shí)間,間隔1 s掃描1次,當(dāng)感興趣區(qū)內(nèi)CT值超過(guò)120 HU時(shí),延遲5 s自動(dòng)觸發(fā)掃描。選擇舒張中期 (75%R-R間期時(shí)相)的圖像用于觀察,若該時(shí)相圖像不佳,則按照10%的間隔重建,再選出能滿足診斷要求的最佳時(shí)相的圖像;若圖像運(yùn)動(dòng)偽影較重 (冠狀動(dòng)脈出現(xiàn)斷層,或冠狀動(dòng)脈模糊、顯示不清)或冠狀動(dòng)脈有嚴(yán)重鈣化 (管腔無(wú)法確切顯示),則定義為CCTA圖像質(zhì)量不能滿足診斷需求。CCTA圖像質(zhì)量的判定由2名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的放射科醫(yī)師完成,如有分歧,通過(guò)協(xié)商解決。
CT圖像后處理:采用Syngo MultiModality Workplace(德國(guó)Siemens公司)或EBW4.0工作站 (荷蘭Philips公司)觀察橫斷面、多平面重組、最大密度投影及容積再現(xiàn)圖像。所有圖像均由兩名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的放射科醫(yī)師共同閱片并做出診斷。冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的判斷參考美國(guó)心臟病協(xié)會(huì)關(guān)于動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的分類(lèi),分析右冠狀動(dòng)脈、左主冠狀動(dòng)脈、左前降支及左回旋支,同一患者多支冠狀動(dòng)脈病變時(shí),以粥樣硬化管腔狹窄最重者為研究對(duì)象。狹窄程度 (%)采用直徑判斷法,即冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄處直徑比鄰近 (3~5 mm處)遠(yuǎn)段和近段直徑的平均值,管腔狹窄≥50%為重度冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性冠心病,管腔狹窄<50%為輕度冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性冠心病。根據(jù)Agatston等[14]的方法判斷鈣化積分。
侵襲性冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查:CCTA表現(xiàn)為管腔狹窄≥50%的冠心病患者以及CCTA圖像不能滿足診斷需求的患者在CCTA后3~7 d進(jìn)行術(shù)前ICA檢查。根據(jù)美國(guó)心臟病協(xié)會(huì)關(guān)于冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的判斷,分析右冠狀動(dòng)脈、左主冠狀動(dòng)脈、左前降支及左回旋支的情況,管腔狹窄需在兩個(gè)正交的平面均得到確認(rèn),根據(jù)狹窄程度分為正常、輕度狹窄的冠心病 (管腔狹窄<50%)和重度狹窄的冠心病 (管腔狹窄≥50%)。ICA的結(jié)果由兩名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生在不知道CCTA檢查結(jié)果的情況下進(jìn)行判斷,意見(jiàn)不一致時(shí)通過(guò)協(xié)商解決。
隨訪從術(shù)中開(kāi)始至患者出院監(jiān)測(cè)圍手術(shù)期心血管事件的發(fā)生情況,術(shù)中及術(shù)后3 d內(nèi)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行心電圖、動(dòng)脈血壓及氧分壓監(jiān)測(cè),同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)早期心梗有關(guān)的生化指標(biāo),包括血清肌鈣蛋白I、肌酸激酶同工酶和肌紅蛋白。患者出院前每日常規(guī)監(jiān)測(cè)心電圖、血壓。患者出院后,定期電話隨訪患者是否發(fā)生心血管事件,包括ACS以及繼發(fā)于ACS的死亡、心律失常、冠狀動(dòng)脈血管重建及心力衰竭等,隨訪時(shí)間為6~11個(gè)月。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,組間 (可用于診斷的CCTA組及不可用于診斷的CCTA組)比較采用非配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以數(shù)值或百分?jǐn)?shù)表示,組間比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)或Fisher精確檢驗(yàn);采用Spearman秩相關(guān)系數(shù)計(jì)算鈣化積分和重度狹窄的冠心病之間的相關(guān)性,采用卡方檢驗(yàn)比較術(shù)前未行ICA的患者以及行ICA的患者術(shù)后心血管事件的發(fā)生率;P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
一般資料共有165例患者符合本項(xiàng)研究入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),排除8例,包括5例不宜行CCTA檢查 (碘劑過(guò)敏3例、腎功能衰竭1例、不能控制呼吸1例)者和3例曾行經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療或冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)者。共157例患者參與了本研究,其中男性101例、女性56例;平均年齡 (62.9±3.7)歲 (37~86歲),高齡患者94例;高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)手術(shù)17例 (均為大血管手術(shù)),中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)手術(shù)140例 (胸部手術(shù)37例、腹部手術(shù)53例、骨科手術(shù)31例、頭頸部手術(shù)19例);均擬行擇期全身麻醉手術(shù)。
CCTA及ICA結(jié)果157例患者中,145例 (92.4%)的CCTA圖像可用于診斷 (圖1)。CCTA顯示37例無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,88例有冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化但管腔狹窄<50%,這125例患者術(shù)前未再行ICA。經(jīng)術(shù)前手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,118例無(wú)明顯手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),按期進(jìn)行了手術(shù);7例因?yàn)槎嘀Ч跔顒?dòng)脈存在病變,手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,經(jīng)內(nèi)科治療后擇期手術(shù)。CCTA顯示20例患者有冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化且管腔狹窄≥50%,在CCTA后3~7 d內(nèi)進(jìn)行了ICA,其中18例存在管腔狹窄≥50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化病變。根據(jù)CCTA及ICA結(jié)果,經(jīng)術(shù)前手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,11例患者按期進(jìn)行了手術(shù),9例在冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化得到干預(yù)后再行手術(shù)。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)無(wú)冠心病及輕/重度冠心病兩組進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,CCTA所示血管狹窄程度對(duì)手術(shù)計(jì)劃有顯著影響(P<0.0001)。
12例不能通過(guò)CCTA圖像進(jìn)行診斷的患者 (7例冠狀動(dòng)脈有嚴(yán)重鈣化,5例有明顯的運(yùn)動(dòng)偽影)術(shù)前進(jìn)行了ICA,8例為冠狀動(dòng)脈正常或管腔狹窄<50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化病變,經(jīng)過(guò)術(shù)前手術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估,按期進(jìn)行了手術(shù);4例表現(xiàn)為管腔狹窄≥50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化病變,行經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療或冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)后擇期進(jìn)行了非心臟手術(shù)。在32例術(shù)前進(jìn)行了ICA的患者中,1例在穿刺點(diǎn)附近發(fā)生了局限性血腫。
診斷性及非診斷性CCTA組比較非診斷性CCTA組的年齡、心律不齊患者比例及鈣化積分均顯著高于診斷性CCTA組 (P均<0.05)(表1)?;貧w分析顯示只有鈣化積分是非診斷性CCTA的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)指征 (比值比=1.17,95%CI:1.06~1.35,P=0.001)。
圖1 冠狀動(dòng)脈CT血管造影顯示的正常右冠狀動(dòng)脈 (A)、左前降支遠(yuǎn)段狹窄<50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性病變 (B)及左前降支近段狹窄≥50%的冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性病變 (C)Fig 1 Representative coronary CT angiograms showing a normal right coronary artery(A),a coronary arthrosclerosis with stenosis<50%in the distant segment of left anterior descending artery(B),and a coronary arthrosclerosis with stenosis≥50%in the proximal segment of left descending artery(C)
表1 診斷性冠狀動(dòng)脈CT造影組及非診斷性冠狀動(dòng)脈CT造影組的基本情況比較Table 1 Comparison of variables in diagnostic coronary CT angiography and non-diagnostic coronary CT angiography
心血管事件157例患者術(shù)中均未發(fā)生心血管事件。1例重度冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄患者術(shù)后第1天出現(xiàn)急性心肌缺血癥狀,內(nèi)科治療2 d后康復(fù)。所有手術(shù)患者在出院后6~11個(gè)月的隨訪中均未發(fā)生心臟不良事件。本研究中所有行非心臟手術(shù)前未行ICA的患者在術(shù)后發(fā)生的心血管事件均與CCTA檢查冠心病潛在的漏診無(wú)關(guān)。術(shù)前未行ICA的患者與行ICA的患者術(shù)后心血管事件的發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P=0.45)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)擬行中、高危險(xiǎn)度的非心臟手術(shù)的患者,通過(guò)術(shù)前CCTA檢查,可以有效免除部分患者術(shù)前的ICA檢查。
心血管事件是非心臟手術(shù)圍手術(shù)期最常見(jiàn)的并發(fā)癥,國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)道發(fā)生率為16.4%[15],國(guó)外報(bào)道發(fā)生率約1% ~7%[16-18]。對(duì)于存在冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的非心臟手術(shù)患者,推薦術(shù)前采用 ICA進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)篩查[19-20],如患者術(shù)前有冠心病而未被發(fā)現(xiàn),會(huì)導(dǎo)致術(shù)后預(yù)后不良[21-22],如果術(shù)前先進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈血運(yùn)重建就可減少術(shù)后心血管事件的發(fā)生[23]。但是,ICA是一種有創(chuàng)檢查,費(fèi)用較高,還存在發(fā)生并發(fā)癥 (1.5%)甚至死亡的可能 (0.15%),而且行非心臟手術(shù)患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率和死亡率會(huì)更高[6]。多數(shù)患者ICA的結(jié)果為陰性,管腔狹窄≥50%的冠心病的發(fā)現(xiàn)率僅為10%~20%[24]。因此,對(duì)于非心臟手術(shù)患者來(lái)說(shuō),術(shù)前ICA并非最為理想的篩查方法。
心電圖、超聲等非侵襲性檢查方法也可用于非心臟手術(shù)術(shù)前冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的篩查,但由于這些方法對(duì)于患者術(shù)后心血管事件的預(yù)測(cè)并不理想,限制了臨床應(yīng)用[4]。CCTA具有非常高的陰性預(yù)測(cè)值和較高陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值[7-8],在術(shù)前評(píng)估非心臟手術(shù)患者的冠狀動(dòng)脈情況時(shí),與ICA有良好的相關(guān)性[10-11],因此逐漸成為了非心臟手術(shù)患者術(shù)前評(píng)估冠狀動(dòng)脈情況的首選方法[11]。在本研究中,92.4%的患者 (145/157)的CCTA圖像可用于診斷。CCTA表現(xiàn)為正常或管腔狹窄<50%的冠心病的患者未行術(shù)前ICA,這些患者在術(shù)中及術(shù)后隨訪過(guò)程中未發(fā)生心血管事件,說(shuō)明非心臟手術(shù)患者術(shù)前采用CCTA篩查冠心病是有效的。本研究中有32例 (20.4%)患者術(shù)前進(jìn)行了ICA,其中12例是因?yàn)镃CTA圖像欠佳,不能用于診斷,這部分患者中8例(66.7%)ICA顯示為正常或管腔狹窄<50%的冠心病;另外20例CCTA顯示有管腔狹窄≥50%的冠心病,其中18例得到ICA證實(shí)。上述結(jié)果說(shuō)明CCTA對(duì)管腔狹窄≥50%的冠心病陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值較高,因此對(duì)于這部分患者,如果僅為術(shù)前風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估需要,也可不進(jìn)行術(shù)前ICA檢查。
綜上,絕大部分?jǐn)M行中、高危險(xiǎn)度非心臟手術(shù)患者可采用術(shù)前CCTA診斷冠心病;CCTA表現(xiàn)正常或管腔狹窄<50%的患者可免除術(shù)前ICA檢查。但是,本研究為單中心研究,病例數(shù)不多,且非心臟手術(shù)前未行ICA的患者和行ICA的患者病例數(shù)相差懸殊,統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可能有偏倚,本研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)尚需大樣本研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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Value of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Ruling out Coronary Artery Disease Before Intermediate-and High-risk Non-cardiac Surgery
TIAN Shu-ping1,2,LI Chun-ping3,WU Fang1,LI Ying-na1,SONG Xiang1,GAN Lu1,CHANG Rui-ping1,JU Hai-yue1,YANG Li1
1Department of Radiology,General Hospital of PLA,Beijing 100853,China2Department of Radiology,3Department of Endocrinology,Navy General Hospital of PLA,Beijing 100048,China
YANG LiTel:010-66939564,E-mail:yangli301@yahoo.com
Objective To assess the value of preoperative coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA)in the detection of coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients planned to undergo non-cardiac surgeryat intermediate or high risk to avoid unnecessary invasive coronary angiography(ICA).Methods The study protocol was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was given.In this prospective study,157 consecutive patients who underwent CCTA before undergoing non-cardiac surgery at intermediate or high risk was involved.The non-cardiac surgery included high-risk surgery(17 patients)and intermediate-risk surgery (140 patients).Follow-up was performed in 6-11 months to define cardiac events described as acute coronary syndrome(ACS)or death secondary to ASC,arrhythmias,cardiac revascularization,or cardiac failure.χ2test was performed to compare the differences in incidence of cardiac events among patients who had undergone or who had not undergone preoperative ICA.Results CCTA was of diagnostic value in 145 of 157 patients.Thirty-seven of 145 had no CAD,and 88 of 145 had no significant CAD(<50%stenosis),and non-cardiac surgery was performed in them without preoperative ICA.No patients in those patients had postoperative ischemic events at follow-up;20 had significant CAD(≥50%stenosis)and underwent surgery after preoperative ICA.CCTA was non-diagnostic in 12 patients who were referred for preoperative ICA,and 4 of 12 underwent surgery after PCI or CABG.There were no differences in cardiac events between patients who had undergone preoperative ICA and those who had not(P=0.45).Conclusions In patients with planned non-cardiac surgery at medium or high risk of cardiovascular events,preoperative CCTA is an effective diagnostic tool for detecting CAD.Preoperative ICA can be safely avoided in patients with normal findings or with stenosis<50%in CCTA.
multi-slice spiral coronary computed tomography angiography;non-cardiac surgery;preoperative;coronary artery disease;invasive coronary angiography;cardiovascular events
楊 立 電話:010-66939564,電子郵件:yangli301@yahoo.com
R814.4
A
1000-503X(2014)03-0255-06
10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2014.03.005
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金 (81371547)Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81371547)
2014-04-03)
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