李平秀
中圖分類號(hào):G633.41 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1002-7661(2014)14-0064-02
一、理念
在實(shí)施英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)理念的高中語法課中,我們要積極倡導(dǎo)使用發(fā)現(xiàn)式語法教學(xué),因?yàn)榘l(fā)現(xiàn)式語法教學(xué)有利于激勵(lì)學(xué)生思考,促進(jìn)學(xué)生的思維,發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。在教師的引導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生“在做中學(xué)”,自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納,總結(jié)語法規(guī)律。這樣的自主學(xué)習(xí)過程不僅能使學(xué)生更有效地理解和記憶語法知識(shí)、加深對(duì)語法形式和意義的印象、夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),還能激勵(lì)和發(fā)展他們的思維使其養(yǎng)成通過思考進(jìn)行觀察、自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,從而受益終生。
二、課題
主題:主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致(Agreement Between Subject and verb)。
課文:人教版《高中英語》模塊4第1單元Women of achievement。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):“主謂一致”語法學(xué)習(xí)中,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生既要發(fā)現(xiàn)、歸納、總結(jié)該語法規(guī)律,又要在不同語境中理解、體驗(yàn)、領(lǐng)悟“主謂一致”的表意功能。在本課結(jié)束時(shí),學(xué)生要能夠初步運(yùn)用所學(xué)習(xí)和掌握的“主謂一致”進(jìn)行自如表達(dá)。
三、教學(xué)步驟
Step 1 導(dǎo)入(通過復(fù)習(xí)課文,引入本單元要學(xué)習(xí)的語法):
1.通過提問,呈現(xiàn)含有“主謂一致”的例句。如:A:Everybody sits and waits in the shade of trees.
B:Our group are all going to visit them in the forest .
2.根據(jù)所呈現(xiàn)的課文例句引出本單元所要學(xué)習(xí)的語法項(xiàng)目:“Agreement Between Subject and verb”。
Step 2 體驗(yàn)并發(fā)現(xiàn):
1.讓學(xué)生分組討論并發(fā)現(xiàn)下述“主謂一致”的規(guī)律:
問題1:I am seventeen. /She is sixteen. /There is a desk in the room. /There are no chairs in it.
2.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察討論后則發(fā)現(xiàn):主語要和謂語動(dòng)詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。
問題2: My brother and I have both seen the film. /Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
經(jīng)過討論發(fā)現(xiàn):兩個(gè)名詞由and連接作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
說明:
(1)當(dāng)and不表示并列意義,連接兩個(gè)在意義上表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個(gè)部件配成的物品時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting./One more knife and fork is needed.
(2)兩個(gè)并列的名詞有each,every,many a等修飾語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如:Each doctor and (each)nurse was given a new shirt./No sound and no voice is heard. /Many a boy and(many a)girl has made the same mistake.
問題3:My family is a large one./The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):集體名詞group,class,family,army,enemy等作主語時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
問題4:Is anybody going to tell him the news?/Everything is ready.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,the other等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
問題5:None of them has(have)arrived yet./None of this money is mine./Neither statement was true.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):代詞none和neither有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待,有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待,主要根據(jù)說話人的意思決定。但是代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),只看作單數(shù);neither作形容詞時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞連用,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
問題6:Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand./Not only his family but(also)he likes Chaplin.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)用作主語的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞由or,either…or,neither…nor或not only…but also連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與近鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。
問題7:There is a lamp,two pens and six books on the desk./Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):由there或here引導(dǎo)的句子,主語不止一個(gè)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。
問題8:The teacher with two students was at the meeting./The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)主語后面接說明主語的修飾語,如:with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響,仍保持同主語一致的關(guān)系。
問題9:Sixty years is a long time./Ten dollars is enough for him.
經(jīng)過討論則發(fā)現(xiàn):表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在表示單位數(shù)量用作主語時(shí),通常被看作整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Step 3 鞏固練習(xí):
讓學(xué)生做page5 Exercise 2 以達(dá)到初步的掌握,再讓學(xué)生做page5 Exercise 3 進(jìn)一步理解領(lǐng)悟“主謂一致”的表意功能。
(責(zé)任編輯 劉 馨)endprint