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      中國(guó)畜牧業(yè)脫鉤分析及影響因素研究

      2014-07-31 01:12:14陳瑤尚杰
      關(guān)鍵詞:畜牧業(yè)

      陳瑤 尚杰

      摘要畜牧業(yè)已成為全球人為溫室氣體的主要排放源, 同時(shí),畜禽糞便成為環(huán)境污染的重要源頭。本文在測(cè)算我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的基礎(chǔ)上,基于脫鉤理論分析了我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值之間的脫鉤情況,并借助LMDI 模型對(duì)影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的影響因素進(jìn)行分解,結(jié)果表明:我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)CH4和N2O排放量分別由2001年的1 06840萬(wàn)t和3937萬(wàn)t變化到2011年的1 04181萬(wàn)t和4087萬(wàn)t,腸道發(fā)酵是CH4排放的最大貢獻(xiàn)者,而糞便管理則是N2O排放的重要誘因;在腸道發(fā)酵CH4排放中,排放最多的是牛,其次是山羊和綿羊,最少的是兔子,在糞便管理CH4排放中,排放最多的是豬,最少的是駱駝;生豬和牛是糞便管理N2O排放的主要貢獻(xiàn)者,而駱駝最少;2001-2011年期間我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值之間的脫鉤狀態(tài)主要分為強(qiáng)脫鉤和弱脫鉤兩種狀態(tài),整體脫鉤彈性值為-0004,呈強(qiáng)脫鉤狀態(tài),脫鉤穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)為1428 7,脫鉤穩(wěn)定性較差;經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的最大因素,短期內(nèi)效率因素是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)低碳化發(fā)展的最主要誘因,而從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看勞動(dòng)力因素是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)低碳化發(fā)展的最主要因素。筆者認(rèn)為,強(qiáng)化低碳養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)和糞便清潔處理技術(shù)的研發(fā)與應(yīng)用,培育畜禽優(yōu)良品種,提升畜牧業(yè)從業(yè)人員的專業(yè)素質(zhì),推動(dòng)農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè),培育職業(yè)農(nóng)民,促進(jìn)畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)?;⒓s化經(jīng)營(yíng),提升飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率,是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的關(guān)鍵和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。

      關(guān)鍵詞畜牧業(yè);溫室氣體排放;脫鉤理論;LMDI模型

      中圖分類號(hào)S168文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)1002-2104(2014)03-0101-07doi:103969/jissn1002-2104201403015

      工業(yè)革命以來(lái),伴隨大量化石燃料消耗而來(lái)的是全球生態(tài)環(huán)境危機(jī)和以全球變暖為主要特征的氣候氣象災(zāi)難,制約著人類社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展[1]。若是無(wú)法有效應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖,未來(lái)十年由此而引起的氣候變化將造成每年全球損失額達(dá)到GDP的5%-20%[2]。農(nóng)業(yè)作為重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門,也是重要的溫室氣體排放源,而畜牧業(yè)在其中占據(jù)很大的比例。聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織(FAO)在《牲畜的巨大陰影:環(huán)境問(wèn)題與選擇》中指出,每年牛、駱駝、羊、馬、豬和家禽排放的溫室氣體排放量占全世界總排放量的18%,其中CH4和N2O分別占65%和37%,而CH4和N2O的“增溫效應(yīng)”卻是CO2的21倍和310倍?!妒澜缬^察》在2009年刊登的《牲畜與氣候變化》的報(bào)告,指出牲畜及其副產(chǎn)品排放的溫室氣體超過(guò)了32564億t CO2當(dāng)量,占世界溫室氣體總排放量的51%[3]。我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)源CH4(動(dòng)物反芻、動(dòng)物糞便和稻田)和N2O(動(dòng)物糞便和農(nóng)田)排放量分別為排放當(dāng)量分別為42億t和30億t CO2當(dāng)量[4]。因此,如何推進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)的溫室氣體減排進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與其產(chǎn)值增加之間的脫鉤日益受到相關(guān)學(xué)者乃至社會(huì)各界的強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注。

      國(guó)內(nèi)外大量學(xué)者對(duì)畜牧業(yè)的溫室氣體排放進(jìn)行了研究。FAO曾預(yù)測(cè)2030年動(dòng)物數(shù)量將在2000年基礎(chǔ)上增加40%,而動(dòng)物的平均氮排泄量也會(huì)增加,這就會(huì)增加畜牧業(yè)的碳排放[5]。Yang等測(cè)算了我國(guó)臺(tái)灣地區(qū)家禽的溫室氣體排放量。田素妍等分析了我國(guó)畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的低碳清潔技術(shù)及其EKC假說(shuō)檢驗(yàn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)東部地區(qū)呈顯著的“倒U型”關(guān)系,而中西部呈顯著的“正U型”關(guān)系[6]。詹晶等借助回歸模型得出我國(guó)畜牧產(chǎn)品對(duì)甲烷排放增加有顯著影響[7]。胡向東等估算了2000-2007年期間全國(guó)和各省的畜禽溫室氣體排放量,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)全國(guó)畜禽溫室氣體排放呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),各省區(qū)畜禽溫室氣體排放呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域集中特點(diǎn)[8]。本文運(yùn)用脫鉤理論,量化分析我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放和其產(chǎn)值之間的關(guān)系,分解其影響因素,以期對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)的低碳化清潔發(fā)展提供參考。

      1研究方法與理論

      11畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放量的測(cè)算方法

      陳瑤等:中國(guó)畜牧業(yè)脫鉤分析及影響因素研究中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境2014年第3期在畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放測(cè)算方法的選取上優(yōu)先借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)專家學(xué)者的研究成果。韋秀麗等采用國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)辦公廳在2011年發(fā)布的《關(guān)于印發(fā)省級(jí)溫室氣體清單編制指南( 試行) 的通知》中的方法測(cè)算了重慶市畜牧業(yè)的溫室氣體排放量,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)牛是最關(guān)鍵的排放源[9]。劉月仙等測(cè)算了北京地區(qū)畜禽溫室氣體排放的時(shí)空變化[10]。結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),本文選取奶牛、非奶牛、駱駝、騾、馬、驢、生豬、山羊、綿羊、兔和家禽的相干數(shù)據(jù),測(cè)算我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)的溫室氣體排放量為了便于統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),根據(jù)增熱效應(yīng),將CH4和N2O轉(zhuǎn)化成CO2當(dāng)量。Ni表示第i種動(dòng)物的平均飼養(yǎng)量,αi和βi表示第i種動(dòng)物的CH4和N2O排放因子。由于各種動(dòng)物的飼養(yǎng)周期不同,需要根據(jù)動(dòng)物的出欄量和年末存欄量對(duì)平均飼養(yǎng)量進(jìn)行調(diào)整,參考胡向東[8]提出的出欄率進(jìn)行調(diào)整。當(dāng)出欄率大于1時(shí),其平均飼養(yǎng)量用出欄量除以365乘以其生命周期,主要有生豬、家禽和兔,其生命周期分別為200天[8]、55天[11]和105[8]天。對(duì)于出欄率小于1的動(dòng)物,其平均飼養(yǎng)量由相鄰兩年年末存欄量的平均數(shù)表示。CH4的排放主要源于反芻動(dòng)物的腸道發(fā)酵和動(dòng)物糞便管理,N2O的排放主要源于動(dòng)物的糞便管理。本文動(dòng)物CH4的排放因子來(lái)源于2006年IPCC國(guó)家間溫室氣體排放指南[12],N2O的排放因子來(lái)源于胡向東[8],非奶牛是取黃牛和水牛的平均值。山羊和綿羊的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自韋秀麗[9],并取規(guī)模化飼養(yǎng)、農(nóng)戶散養(yǎng)和放牧飼養(yǎng)的均值。

      32脫鉤穩(wěn)定性分析

      根據(jù)公式(2)測(cè)算我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與其產(chǎn)值之間脫鉤狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),穩(wěn)定指數(shù)為1428 7,變化率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)1,這說(shuō)明我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與其產(chǎn)值之間脫鉤狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定性較差,很可能出現(xiàn)反復(fù)。這主要是因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民為了追求畜牧業(yè)的高產(chǎn)出,就會(huì)過(guò)度的投入飼料等畜牧業(yè)物資,同時(shí)隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,對(duì)肉類的需求必然會(huì)快速增加,使得畜牧業(yè)成為農(nóng)業(yè)部門中有利可圖的部門,其規(guī)模就會(huì)水漲船高,進(jìn)而使得畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放迅速增加。

      4基于LMDI的脫鉤影響因素分解

      本文借助LMDI模型和我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),以Excel作為計(jì)算工具,從我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)的效率因素、結(jié)構(gòu)因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和勞動(dòng)力因素等四個(gè)方面對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的影響因素進(jìn)行量化分解,分解結(jié)果詳見(jiàn)表6。

      經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的最大誘因。2001-2011年期間,經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放都呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān),除了2001年和2003年,其余年份經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的貢獻(xiàn)都超過(guò)了2 000萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量,最多的為2004年的3 00302萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量。這主要是因?yàn)?,隨著我國(guó)近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,溫飽問(wèn)題逐步得到解決,人們生活水平迅速提高,人們對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求迅速增加,尤其是會(huì)大量增加對(duì)肉類的需求,這就要求我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)不得不擴(kuò)大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模以滿足人們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的肉類需求,進(jìn)而致使我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放不斷增加。因此,不難預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi),伴隨我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繼續(xù)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展和人們收入倍增計(jì)劃的實(shí)施并得到實(shí)現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)因素仍將是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的最主要的因素。

      結(jié)構(gòu)因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的第二大因素。2001-2011年期間,2001-2003年、2005年、2006年和2007年結(jié)構(gòu)因素對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān),對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放貢獻(xiàn)最多的為2003年的1 07175萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量,這也體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)果的變化中,以2000年為價(jià)格基準(zhǔn)年折算為實(shí)際產(chǎn)值可以看出,2003年我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值占到了農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的3155%,比2002年增加097個(gè)百分點(diǎn),增幅最大。而2011年,結(jié)構(gòu)因素對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的負(fù)向影響最大,達(dá)到-92854萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量,反應(yīng)在產(chǎn)值上,2011年畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值占農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的3124%,比2010年降低084個(gè)百分點(diǎn),降幅最大。隨著我國(guó)肉類需求量的增加,畜牧業(yè)在我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的地位將會(huì)得到一定的提升,這就使得結(jié)構(gòu)因素在短期內(nèi)仍是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的重要因素。

      效率因素是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)低碳化發(fā)展的最主要貢獻(xiàn)者。2001-2011年期間,2001年貢獻(xiàn)最大,效率因素減排達(dá)到了2 60194萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量,但是在此之后呈波動(dòng)下降的趨勢(shì),2011年最少為88804萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量,只有2001年的三分之一左右。這主要因?yàn)殡S著畜牧業(yè)的規(guī)?;?、集約化發(fā)展、飼料改良和良種選育等方式在短期內(nèi)獲得較高的溫室氣體減排效益,但是長(zhǎng)期內(nèi),這些養(yǎng)殖方式和養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)趨于穩(wěn)定,其減排效應(yīng)就迅速減弱,甚至成為溫室氣體的排放源。因此,在短期內(nèi)效率因素仍是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的最大影響因素,但是長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看其減排能力將會(huì)不斷削弱,這就需要加大畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和管理模式創(chuàng)新的力度。

      勞動(dòng)力因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的重要因素,且影響力呈上升趨勢(shì)。2001-2011年期間,勞動(dòng)力因素對(duì)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的影響呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān),其影響力還在波動(dòng)上升,最多的為2010年的92935萬(wàn)t CO2當(dāng)量。隨著我國(guó)城市化和工業(yè)化的不斷推進(jìn),農(nóng)業(yè)從業(yè)人員必然會(huì)不斷減少,而隨著我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)的養(yǎng)殖規(guī)?;l(fā)展和養(yǎng)殖管理模式的不斷創(chuàng)新,畜牧業(yè)單位從業(yè)人員的負(fù)擔(dān)就會(huì)大大減輕,同時(shí)畜牧業(yè)從業(yè)人員的自身素質(zhì)不斷提高使得其工作能力得到提升,進(jìn)而轉(zhuǎn)移出更多的畜牧業(yè)從業(yè)人員,單個(gè)從業(yè)人員的產(chǎn)出就會(huì)大大增加,促進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體的減排。因此,在未來(lái)勞動(dòng)力因素仍將是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的重要因素,且減排能力將會(huì)不斷提升。

      5結(jié)論

      本文基于2001-2011年期間我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)的面板數(shù)據(jù),以我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放和畜牧業(yè)產(chǎn)值為研究對(duì)象,實(shí)證分析兩者之間的脫鉤狀況,進(jìn)而借助LMDI模型對(duì)影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)脫鉤狀況的因素進(jìn)行了分解,結(jié)果表明:我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放總體較穩(wěn)定,其中CH4排放量略有所下降,N2O排放量略有增加,動(dòng)物腸道發(fā)酵是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的主要源頭。我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放與其產(chǎn)值之間整體上呈現(xiàn)強(qiáng)脫鉤狀態(tài),脫鉤狀態(tài)較表6基于LMDI的我國(guó)2001-2011年畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放影響因素分解結(jié)果無(wú)論現(xiàn)在還是未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的最大誘因,結(jié)構(gòu)因素是影響我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放的第二大因素;效率因素和勞動(dòng)力因素將是我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的主要?jiǎng)恿λ?,但是長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看效率因素的減排能力將會(huì)逐漸削弱,而勞動(dòng)力因素將逐漸成為我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體減排的最重要因素。強(qiáng)化低碳養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)和糞便清潔處理技術(shù)的研發(fā)與應(yīng)用,培育畜禽優(yōu)良品種,提升畜牧業(yè)從業(yè)人員的專業(yè)素質(zhì),推動(dòng)農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè),培育職業(yè)農(nóng)民,促進(jìn)畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)?;?、集約化經(jīng)營(yíng),提升飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率,在滿足人們對(duì)肉類需求的同時(shí)減少畜牧業(yè)溫室氣體排放成為我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展的方向和關(guān)鍵。

      (編輯:溫武軍)

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      [17]齊靜,陳彬城市工業(yè)部門脫鉤分析[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(8):102-106[Qi Jing, Chen Bin Decoupling Analysis for Urban Industrial Sectors: A Case Study of Chongqing[J] Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(8):102-106]

      [18]徐國(guó)泉, 劉則淵, 姜照華中國(guó)碳排放的因素分解模型及實(shí)證分析:1995-2004[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2006, 16(6): 158-161[Xu Guoquan, Liuzeyuan, Jiang Zhaohua Decomposition Model and Empirical Study of Carbon Emissions for China,1995-2004[J] China Population, Resources and Environment, 2006, 16(6): 158-161]

      [19]Sommer S G, Petern S O, Sogaard H T. Greenhouse Gas Emission from Stored Livestock Slurry [J]. Environ Qual, 2000,29:744-751.

      [20]趙勝男,崔勝輝,等.福建省有機(jī)廢棄物資源化利用碳減排潛力研究[J].中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(9):30-35.[Zhao Shengnan, Cui Shenghui, et al. Research on Carbon Mitigation Potential of Organic Waste Reutilization in Fujian Province[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010,20(9):30-35.]

      [21]IPCC. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use[R]. Kanagawa: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006:37-54.

      [22]楊湘華. 中國(guó)生豬業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率及其影響因素分析[D].南京:南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2008.[Yang Xianghua. An Anslysis of the Productive Efficiency and the Influencing Factors of Chinas Live Pig Industry[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.]

      AbstractAnimal husbandry has become the main source of global greenhouse gas emissions Meanwhile, the poultry manure becomes an important source of environmental pollution Based on the calculation of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and the decoupling theory, the paper analyzed the decoupling situation between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and by using the LMDI model, we carried on the analysis on the factors affecting the development of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions The result showed that: the amount of CH4 and N2O emissions of China animal husbandry increased from 1 06840 tons and 3937 tons of 2001 to 1 04181 tons and 4087 tons of 2011 Enteric fermentation is the biggest contributor to CH4 emissions, however, manure management is an important cause of N2O emissions; in enteric fermentation CH4 emission, the most emission is cattle, followed by goats and sheep, and the least is the rabbit, in manure management CH4 emission, the largest emission is pig, and the least is the camel; pig and cattle manure management is the main contribution of N2O emission, and camels are the least; 2001-2011 decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value was divided into strong and weak, and the overall separation elasticity value was -0004, which showed the strong decoupling state; there is a strong decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and the decoupling stability coefficient was 14287, which showed poor stability; the economic factor was the biggest factor affecting China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions; the shortterm efficiency factor was the main inducement of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China, but in the long run the labor factor is the main factor of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China The author thought the key ways to reduce China animal husbandry of greenhouse gas emission were to strengthen the research and development of the application of lowcarbon farming technology and fecal cleaning technology, breed fine varieties of livestock and poultry husbandry, improve the professional quality of employees; promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force employment, cultivate the occupation of farmers, promote the animal husbandry industry scale and intensive management, and improve feed conversion efficiency

      Key wordsanimal husbandry; greenhouse gas emissions; decoupling theory; LMDI model

      [17]齊靜,陳彬城市工業(yè)部門脫鉤分析[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(8):102-106[Qi Jing, Chen Bin Decoupling Analysis for Urban Industrial Sectors: A Case Study of Chongqing[J] Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(8):102-106]

      [18]徐國(guó)泉, 劉則淵, 姜照華中國(guó)碳排放的因素分解模型及實(shí)證分析:1995-2004[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2006, 16(6): 158-161[Xu Guoquan, Liuzeyuan, Jiang Zhaohua Decomposition Model and Empirical Study of Carbon Emissions for China,1995-2004[J] China Population, Resources and Environment, 2006, 16(6): 158-161]

      [19]Sommer S G, Petern S O, Sogaard H T. Greenhouse Gas Emission from Stored Livestock Slurry [J]. Environ Qual, 2000,29:744-751.

      [20]趙勝男,崔勝輝,等.福建省有機(jī)廢棄物資源化利用碳減排潛力研究[J].中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(9):30-35.[Zhao Shengnan, Cui Shenghui, et al. Research on Carbon Mitigation Potential of Organic Waste Reutilization in Fujian Province[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010,20(9):30-35.]

      [21]IPCC. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use[R]. Kanagawa: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006:37-54.

      [22]楊湘華. 中國(guó)生豬業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率及其影響因素分析[D].南京:南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2008.[Yang Xianghua. An Anslysis of the Productive Efficiency and the Influencing Factors of Chinas Live Pig Industry[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.]

      AbstractAnimal husbandry has become the main source of global greenhouse gas emissions Meanwhile, the poultry manure becomes an important source of environmental pollution Based on the calculation of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and the decoupling theory, the paper analyzed the decoupling situation between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and by using the LMDI model, we carried on the analysis on the factors affecting the development of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions The result showed that: the amount of CH4 and N2O emissions of China animal husbandry increased from 1 06840 tons and 3937 tons of 2001 to 1 04181 tons and 4087 tons of 2011 Enteric fermentation is the biggest contributor to CH4 emissions, however, manure management is an important cause of N2O emissions; in enteric fermentation CH4 emission, the most emission is cattle, followed by goats and sheep, and the least is the rabbit, in manure management CH4 emission, the largest emission is pig, and the least is the camel; pig and cattle manure management is the main contribution of N2O emission, and camels are the least; 2001-2011 decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value was divided into strong and weak, and the overall separation elasticity value was -0004, which showed the strong decoupling state; there is a strong decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and the decoupling stability coefficient was 14287, which showed poor stability; the economic factor was the biggest factor affecting China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions; the shortterm efficiency factor was the main inducement of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China, but in the long run the labor factor is the main factor of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China The author thought the key ways to reduce China animal husbandry of greenhouse gas emission were to strengthen the research and development of the application of lowcarbon farming technology and fecal cleaning technology, breed fine varieties of livestock and poultry husbandry, improve the professional quality of employees; promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force employment, cultivate the occupation of farmers, promote the animal husbandry industry scale and intensive management, and improve feed conversion efficiency

      Key wordsanimal husbandry; greenhouse gas emissions; decoupling theory; LMDI model

      [17]齊靜,陳彬城市工業(yè)部門脫鉤分析[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2012,22(8):102-106[Qi Jing, Chen Bin Decoupling Analysis for Urban Industrial Sectors: A Case Study of Chongqing[J] Population, Resources and Environment, 2012,22(8):102-106]

      [18]徐國(guó)泉, 劉則淵, 姜照華中國(guó)碳排放的因素分解模型及實(shí)證分析:1995-2004[J]中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2006, 16(6): 158-161[Xu Guoquan, Liuzeyuan, Jiang Zhaohua Decomposition Model and Empirical Study of Carbon Emissions for China,1995-2004[J] China Population, Resources and Environment, 2006, 16(6): 158-161]

      [19]Sommer S G, Petern S O, Sogaard H T. Greenhouse Gas Emission from Stored Livestock Slurry [J]. Environ Qual, 2000,29:744-751.

      [20]趙勝男,崔勝輝,等.福建省有機(jī)廢棄物資源化利用碳減排潛力研究[J].中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境,2010,20(9):30-35.[Zhao Shengnan, Cui Shenghui, et al. Research on Carbon Mitigation Potential of Organic Waste Reutilization in Fujian Province[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2010,20(9):30-35.]

      [21]IPCC. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use[R]. Kanagawa: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2006:37-54.

      [22]楊湘華. 中國(guó)生豬業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率及其影響因素分析[D].南京:南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2008.[Yang Xianghua. An Anslysis of the Productive Efficiency and the Influencing Factors of Chinas Live Pig Industry[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University,2008.]

      AbstractAnimal husbandry has become the main source of global greenhouse gas emissions Meanwhile, the poultry manure becomes an important source of environmental pollution Based on the calculation of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and the decoupling theory, the paper analyzed the decoupling situation between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and by using the LMDI model, we carried on the analysis on the factors affecting the development of China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions The result showed that: the amount of CH4 and N2O emissions of China animal husbandry increased from 1 06840 tons and 3937 tons of 2001 to 1 04181 tons and 4087 tons of 2011 Enteric fermentation is the biggest contributor to CH4 emissions, however, manure management is an important cause of N2O emissions; in enteric fermentation CH4 emission, the most emission is cattle, followed by goats and sheep, and the least is the rabbit, in manure management CH4 emission, the largest emission is pig, and the least is the camel; pig and cattle manure management is the main contribution of N2O emission, and camels are the least; 2001-2011 decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value was divided into strong and weak, and the overall separation elasticity value was -0004, which showed the strong decoupling state; there is a strong decoupling state between China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry output value, and the decoupling stability coefficient was 14287, which showed poor stability; the economic factor was the biggest factor affecting China animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions; the shortterm efficiency factor was the main inducement of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China, but in the long run the labor factor is the main factor of lowcarbon development of animal husbandry in China The author thought the key ways to reduce China animal husbandry of greenhouse gas emission were to strengthen the research and development of the application of lowcarbon farming technology and fecal cleaning technology, breed fine varieties of livestock and poultry husbandry, improve the professional quality of employees; promote the transfer of rural surplus labor force employment, cultivate the occupation of farmers, promote the animal husbandry industry scale and intensive management, and improve feed conversion efficiency

      Key wordsanimal husbandry; greenhouse gas emissions; decoupling theory; LMDI model

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