英語完形填空命題特點(diǎn)及解題技巧

姜經(jīng)志

“完形填空（CLOZE TEST）”是中考英語試題中的綜合能力測(cè)試題型。它是一種典型的“智能混合”測(cè)試題，融單項(xiàng)選擇與閱讀理解為一體，涉及到詞匯、語法、邏輯推理等各種知識(shí)。在一定程度上考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)：

1. 在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占10%~15%，長度一般在130~200個(gè)單詞左右。

2. 降低了對(duì)單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，理解分析及推理判斷能力。

3. 針對(duì)初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事體，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)。

“完形填空”有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計(jì)原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個(gè)答案（其中包括一個(gè)正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長度（由幾個(gè)字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對(duì)文章的理解及現(xiàn)有的語言能力來完成。最常見的還是選擇型的“完形填空”。

“抽詞法”可以是有針對(duì)性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前比較流行的是對(duì)文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。

“完形填空”要求考生不僅要會(huì)運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識(shí)，妥善地處理好每個(gè)單詞，理解句意，還要處理好單詞之間以及單詞與全文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整、通順。

完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞?？疾橐詫?shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。

題型一

“選擇型”完形填空

【解題技巧】 “選擇型”完形填空旨在測(cè)試考生綜合應(yīng)用語言的能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識(shí)，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力。

1． 通讀全文，了解大意。

完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)選擇填空題，它所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。因此，做完形填空題時(shí)，一定要先通讀一遍全文，對(duì)文章有個(gè)全面的了解。所以在做題前，先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，是絕對(duì)不可省的一步。切勿為了“省時(shí)”而邊看邊選，否則一定是欲速則不達(dá)，造成有的地方內(nèi)容看不懂或理解錯(cuò)誤，填空時(shí)或不解其意，或似懂非懂，舉棋不定，這樣不僅失誤率高，且費(fèi)時(shí)不少。

跳過空格讀全文。這樣可以快速了解全文大意，對(duì)文章的體裁，事情的前因后果有個(gè)大致了解。閱讀中要重視文章首句，這個(gè)句子往往是探索短文全貌的“窗口”，常常點(diǎn)明了全文的中心思想，對(duì)理解文章影響很大。通讀全文時(shí)，應(yīng)采用快速閱讀法，如遇個(gè)別生詞，要么通過上下文或構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意，要么暫時(shí)略過，不必進(jìn)行字斟句酌的精讀。在閱讀中，要特別注意記憶其中最能表現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞或中心句，必要時(shí)可用鉛筆做記號(hào)，劃出某些人物或情節(jié)的詞。考試時(shí)切不可在沒掌握大意的基礎(chǔ)上邊讀邊做，眼睛只在原題與答案之間轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，只看一詞一句，犯“只見樹木不見森林”的錯(cuò)誤。

2． 逐句細(xì)讀，邊讀邊選。

通讀全文，弄懂大意后就可以在細(xì)讀的基礎(chǔ)上完成填空了。這時(shí)要細(xì)心謹(jǐn)慎，逐句地細(xì)讀和分析，每填一空都注意形義恰當(dāng)和前后呼應(yīng)。做題時(shí)要善于發(fā)現(xiàn)和利用文中的信息句，從字里行間尋求啟示。在做選擇題型“完形填空”時(shí)，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的問題：乍一看，所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)似乎都可以選。這是由于解題時(shí)僅理解留空的句子，而對(duì)上下文不予重視，或把這類題當(dāng)作單項(xiàng)選擇填空來做。有時(shí)候，要選對(duì)一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，僅對(duì)前后句子的理解是不夠的，而要依賴對(duì)文章的掌握，這就要從文章中找出一個(gè)與該句關(guān)系緊密的關(guān)鍵句子。就某個(gè)句子而言，好像要填寫的詞語很多，但一定要與整篇文章協(xié)調(diào)，不能與上下文相矛盾。如所給選項(xiàng)是形容詞、副詞，則需根據(jù)其在句中的作用來確定；如選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞，則需考慮空白處要求是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)或哪種非謂語動(dòng)詞；如選項(xiàng)是連詞，可以從連詞的一些慣用法和固定搭配入手。做難題應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則，對(duì)有把握的選項(xiàng)可一錘定音，如果遇到一時(shí)難以確定的答案可先不填，先去做后面的，或有把握的，待填完其他空白后，再回過頭來做前面的，有時(shí)前后空白形成互相提示和補(bǔ)充。往往會(huì)讀了下文，受到啟發(fā)，前面的難題也就迎刃而解了。有些完形填空題直到做完最后一個(gè)空，才知道第一個(gè)空該填的內(nèi)容。

3． 知識(shí)梳理，正確運(yùn)用。

“完形填空”所要填的大都是常用的一些單詞或短語，以動(dòng)詞、名詞等實(shí)詞為主。單獨(dú)考查語法的題，尤其是那些不用看上下文就能選出正確答案的題很少出現(xiàn)。這就增加了試題的難度。有時(shí)候，試題所提供的選項(xiàng)迷惑性很大，如不認(rèn)真分析辨別，就容易選錯(cuò)。這就要求同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中，重視對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和歸納，多做這類練習(xí)，提高解題能力。

4． 仔細(xì)推敲，認(rèn)真復(fù)查。

當(dāng)一篇“完形填空”做完以后，至少要讀一遍，檢查所填的詞語是否與文章相符，文章是否通順，前后是否呼應(yīng)，有無句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語法錯(cuò)誤。如果某個(gè)空白無法填寫，可將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一一代入去試，直到語句通順為止。

【經(jīng)典試題】

Time is very important in our lives. But it never had any importance in my life until I1a watch from my father that made me responsible (有責(zé)任). It2me the importance of time in my life.

I got this gift on a gray-sky day. I had to go to the

3at 9:00 a.m. to pick up my uncle Ali and take him to my fathers house. However, I forgot it4I was playing with my friends. Later on that day, around 11:00 a. m., I remembered my uncle, but I was late for him. He had got out of plane and5a taxi to my fathers house.

I got to my fathers house at 2:00 p.m.6 . My father looked at me angrily. I said “hi” to him and my

7uncle. My father asked to sit next to him and handed me this watch which was a gift from him. it weighted 8 oz (盎司) and all of it was made of silver. Then he said, “Essa, did you have fun with your friends today? What you did was not very nice and you should be sorry for your8 .” I felt sorry and told my father that I wouldnt do it again. Then he said, “This watch will be a reminder (提醒物) for you. I hope today you have learned something9 .”

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I learned a lesson from my father: to respect (尊敬) time and10be late. The watch is important to me, not because of its price, but because of the lesson that I learned from it.

1. A. bought B. received C. borrowed D. broke

2. A. learned B. found C. sent D. told

3. A. airport B. school C. hospital D. station

4. A. when B. because C. if D. though

5. A. got B. caught C. invited D. taken

6. A. one day before B. the next day

C. the same day D. the other day

7. A. surprised B. tired C. nervous D. lonely

8. A. words B. actions C. play D. fun

9. A. important B. interesting

C. expensive D. wonderful

10. A. never B. usually C. sometimes D. often

【主旨大意】通讀全文，我們了解到：本文講述了作者通過父親送給自己的一塊手表的經(jīng)歷改變了以前不重視時(shí)間的不好習(xí)慣。

【答案與解析】

1. B。根據(jù)題意，直到我收到父親的手表。故選B。

2. D。根據(jù)題意，這塊表告訴了我時(shí)間的重要性。故選D。

3. A。根據(jù)下句可知，他叔叔是坐飛機(jī)來的，應(yīng)該是去機(jī)場(chǎng)接。故選A。

4. B。根據(jù)題意，作者忘記了去接叔叔是因?yàn)楹团笥岩恢痹谕?，上下句之間是因果關(guān)系，故選B。

5. D。根據(jù)題意，他叔叔是乘坐出租車去的, take a taxi是習(xí)慣搭配，故選D。

6. C。根據(jù)文章的時(shí)間順序，這些事應(yīng)該發(fā)生在同一天，故選C。

7. B。根據(jù)題意，此時(shí)叔叔應(yīng)該是很累，故選B。

8. B。根據(jù)題意，父親在批評(píng)他，他對(duì)自己的行為感到慚愧，故選B。

9. A。根據(jù)題意，他應(yīng)該是學(xué)到了重要的東西，故選A。

10. A。根據(jù)題意，作者通過這次經(jīng)歷受到了很大的教育，所以他不會(huì)再遲到，故選A。

題型二

“首字母填詞型”完形填空

【解題技巧】“首字母填詞型”完形填空要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章意思的基礎(chǔ)上通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞的一種考查形式。它是考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語思維能力的一種有效方法。做好這類題，主要從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

1． 通讀全句，把握句意。我們可以先跳過空格粗讀短文，盡量理解文章的內(nèi)容，為填寫意思相符的答案做好準(zhǔn)備。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根據(jù)文意進(jìn)行合理的判斷，從而有可能突然產(chǎn)生“靈感”，將斷層點(diǎn)的意義信息比較準(zhǔn)確地反映出來。

2． 注意精讀，反復(fù)琢磨。掌握大意后，還應(yīng)逐詞地仔細(xì)閱讀，從文章中找出句與文、句與句、詞與句、詞與詞之間的關(guān)系，以便初步確定答案。做這類題，有的可根據(jù)固定用法來判斷，有的可通過上下文意思判斷。遇到難詞時(shí)，就抓住空詞句及其前后的句子反復(fù)推敲、再三琢磨該詞在句中的作用，由此判斷出該詞的意義。

3． 把握詞義，填寫準(zhǔn)確。這里的“準(zhǔn)確”應(yīng)包括：1）符合要求，即所填單詞必須以規(guī)定字母開頭；2）符合意思。既符合整篇文章的基調(diào)，更符合所在句子的含義，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層，說東道西的情況；3）符合語法。意義相符了，單詞選準(zhǔn)了，還要注意所填單詞是否要作詞形變化：如名詞是否要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，形容詞是否要用比較級(jí)，動(dòng)詞是否要變時(shí)態(tài)等。

4． 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。看所填單詞是不是最佳單詞，拼寫是否準(zhǔn)確無誤，詞形是否要作必要的變化，短文是否前后連貫一致，情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯等。在檢查時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性，做到含義、形式都正確。

【經(jīng)典試題】

Thirty years ago, I walked into your bakery and asked for some loaves (條，塊) of bread to sell. At that time, I was 12 years old. A young lady s 1me thatday. She gave me five loaves and wished me good l 2 .

I took the loaves and went out to sell them. It t 3me all day, but I sold them all. At the e 4of the day, I had some money. I was the h 5boy in the world as I walked home that evening.

The next day, I went to a bicycle shop. I paid a

deposit (定金) on a new bicycle. And then I started my next j 6as a newspaper delivery boy. Soon I c 7pay the rest of the money for the bicycle and the bike was mine. I was so proud of m 8 !

Today I still work in the delivery business. I have a lot of trucks to send goods all over the country. I live in a beautiful house, but I dont ride a bicycle these days. I drive a large nice car.

I dont know w 9that young lady was. But

b 10she give me the start, I have become a successful man. Id like to show my thanks to her.

【主旨大意】本文講述了一個(gè)孩子是如何在好心人的幫助下，獲得自信心，一步一步地通過自己的努力獲得成功的，并且他還常懷著對(duì)好心人的感恩之心。

【答案與解析】

1. served。句意：那天一位年輕女了接待了我。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時(shí)。

2. luck。根據(jù)wished me good 可知，句子要表達(dá)的是：祝我好運(yùn)，所以填名詞luck。

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3. took。根據(jù)句子的主語it及all day可知該處為句型：it takes sb. some time。句意：花了我一整天的時(shí)間，所以用take的過去式。

4. end。此處為短語at the end of。

5. happiest。因前面有the, 后面有表示范圍的介詞短語in the world, 故此處強(qiáng)調(diào)自己是最快樂的人，所以形容詞happy要變?yōu)閔appiest。

6. job。因as a newspaper delivery boy 是在解釋自己所從事的職業(yè)，所以填job。

7. could。句意：很快我能付清買自行車的余款……所以填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could。

8. myself。強(qiáng)調(diào)自己，用反身代詞作賓語，填myself。

9. who / whom。句意：我不知道那個(gè)年輕女子是誰。用who或whom引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作賓語。

10. because。本句是在解釋我成功的原因，所以填because, 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

題型三

“選詞填空型”完形填空

【解題技巧】 “選詞填空型”完形填空要求考生利用所給的單詞（一般有名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞和連詞等）補(bǔ)全一篇有空缺的短文。要想提高此類題型的答題準(zhǔn)確率，考生除了要進(jìn)行大量的課外閱讀，積累豐富的語言知識(shí)外，還需掌握一定的解題技巧。做這種類型的題目時(shí)，首先應(yīng)該根據(jù)語法判定詞性。一般的空缺都可以通過其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞峙袛嗥湓~性。然后再根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和上下文在同樣詞性的備選詞當(dāng)中推測(cè)正確答案，進(jìn)一步縮小單詞的選擇范圍，從而正確地選詞。在初選單詞后，不要輕率地填入，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)所提供的備選答案多于我們所需要的答案，同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)斟酌，把不符合文章內(nèi)容的備選答案排除掉，選擇最符合題意的選項(xiàng)，在選定了所需的單詞后，要瞻前顧后，保證單詞的形式正確。做好這類題，主要從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

1. 通讀全文，明確大意

越過空格，通讀全文，理順題意，找到關(guān)鍵信息（暗示詞）。要填的單詞肯定是在一定的語言環(huán)境中才能確定。只有了解了短文大意，把握了全文的主導(dǎo)方向，才能正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，縮小詞的選擇范圍。

2. 根據(jù)語法，判定詞性

一般的空缺都可以通過其所在的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性，從而進(jìn)一步縮小詞的選擇范圍。

3. 利用語境，確定詞形

確定了一個(gè)單詞的詞性后，可通過上下文來幫助確定其形式。如動(dòng)詞的數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、不定式、-ing 形式; 名詞的數(shù)和所有格；代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)及各種形式；形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)以及基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式等。

4. 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案

填完單詞后，不可孤立地逐個(gè)詞檢查，而必須復(fù)讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查所填單詞是否符合文章的意思，讀起來是否流暢、合乎句法等。發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應(yīng)及時(shí)更正。通過再讀全文，很可能利用語感將個(gè)別特別難的空缺順口“讀”出來。復(fù)查時(shí)注意“三審”：一審語法、詞匯對(duì)不對(duì)；二審邏輯關(guān)系順不順；三審有沒有筆誤。

【經(jīng)典試題】從下面方框中選出10個(gè)單詞。用它們的適當(dāng)形式填入短文格內(nèi)，使短文意思正確、通順。

I used to watch a little girl playing basketball every day from my kitchen window. One day I asked her why she practiced so1 . She said: “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is2a scholarship (獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金). I like basketball and I want to be the3player in college. My dad told me: ‘If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”

She never changed her mind. I watched her through those junior high years and into senior high school. One day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass4 . I asked her what was wrong. She told me that her coach said she was too short to be a good basketball player, so she should stop5about going to college. She was heartbroken and it made me feel bad6 . Then she smiled and told me her father said that the coach was wrong. He did not understand the power (力量) of dream. Her father said to her: “If you

7want to play for the scholarship of a good college, nothing but you8can stop your dream.” He told her again: “If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.”

The next year, she and her team went to a big game. She9by a coach of a famous college team and was offered a scholarship to the10basketball team of their college. She was to get the college education that she had dreamed of and worked toward for all those years.

“If the dream is big enough, the facts dont count.” It is true.

【主旨大意】 本文主要敘述了一個(gè)身材矮小的小女孩為獲得一筆獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和做一名最優(yōu)秀的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的理想，堅(jiān)持不懈，而最終實(shí)現(xiàn)理想的故事。

【答案與解析】

1. much。句意：有一天我問她為什么如此大量地練習(xí)。因?yàn)檫@里修飾前面的動(dòng)詞practiced, 且practiced 后有程度副詞so, 所以，形容詞many 應(yīng)變?yōu)楦痹~much。

2. to get。這里須用動(dòng)詞不定式短語作表語，表示“得到一筆獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金”。

3. best。根據(jù)空格前有定冠詞the 和空格后表范圍的介詞短語in college 可知，這里應(yīng)填“最好的”，所以good 應(yīng)變?yōu)樽罡呒?jí)best。

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4. sadly。句意：在她中學(xué)畢業(yè)前的一天我看見她憂傷地坐在草地上。這里須用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞sitting, 所以形容詞sad 應(yīng)變?yōu)楦痹~sadly。

5. dreaming。句意：……教練說她身材太矮，成不了一名優(yōu)秀的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，她應(yīng)該停止上大學(xué)的夢(mèng)想。表示“停止做某事”，用stop doing sth, 所以動(dòng)詞dream 應(yīng)變?yōu)閐reaming。

6. too。句意：……這情形也使我感到難過。表示“也”用too。

7. really。句意：如果你真想為一所好大學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金而打球……修飾動(dòng)詞want, 用副詞，所以real應(yīng)變?yōu)閞eally。

8. yourself。句意：……沒有任何事能阻止你的理想，除了你本人。這里須用反身代詞作主語的同位語，所以you 應(yīng)變?yōu)榉瓷韞ourself。

9. was seen。句意：她被一所著名大學(xué)的球隊(duì)教練看見了。表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以動(dòng)詞see 須使用被動(dòng)形式was seen。

10. womens。表示“女子籃球隊(duì)”。表示所有關(guān)系，所以名詞woman應(yīng)變?yōu)槊~所有格形式womens。

題型四

“自由填空型”完形填空

【解題技巧】 “自由填空型”完形填空的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中的若干個(gè)詞抽出后，不給任何提示，完全由考生根據(jù)短文的意思，在每個(gè)空格中填上一個(gè)單詞，使短文意思完整。

解答此類題目時(shí)，考生所填的詞在詞義上要能使短文意思順理成章，在語法邏輯上正確無誤。因此，做好這類題，主要從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

1. 通讀短文，掌握大意。先讀懂短文，掌握其大意，然后再根據(jù)詞匯和語法知識(shí)，結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容和上下句結(jié)構(gòu)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語（有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)答案）。

2. 仔細(xì)分析詞類變化形式和句子結(jié)構(gòu)。在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)所填詞語進(jìn)行反復(fù)推敲。注意：可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞、副詞的級(jí)別變化；人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換以及不定代詞的用法；連詞的正確使用；各類詞語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

3. 仔細(xì)核實(shí)所填詞語。在填完后要仔細(xì)核實(shí)所填詞語的拼寫是否正確，大小寫是否恰當(dāng)；句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，前后意思是否連貫；全文是否通順。若發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，要根據(jù)所學(xué)的詞匯和語法知識(shí)重新推敲，最終敲定答案。

【經(jīng)典試題】

About three years ago, I felt very lonely. I didnt like my classmates, my parents or anyone else. My classmates didnt want to talk1me and my parents were always saying that other kids were better than me. I thought I was the2unlucky person in the world.

One day I had a big fight with one of my classmates. I was so angry3I hit him in the face. Just at that moment, a boy stood up and4the fight. He was the monitor of our class.

After that, he often helped me and we became good

5 . Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help6

to cool down. My life began to change because of the boy, my best friend. We spent a lot of interesting days together. As7goes by, I have become happier with people and things. And it8that people around me have changed, too. My parents dont shout at me9more and my classmates become friendly to me.

But now I cant see my best friend because he is seriously10and is staying in hospital. How I miss the days when we were together!I hope he will be all right and come back to school soon.

【主旨大意】本文敘述了一個(gè)學(xué)生在三年前看到什么都不順眼，經(jīng)常打架斗毆，后來在班長的幫助下，認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的問題，并逐漸改變了自己。

【答案與解析】

1. with / to。talk to / with sb.意思是“與某人交談”。

2. most。根據(jù)the 和in the world 判斷，應(yīng)使用最高級(jí)，unlucky 的最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加most。

3. that。根據(jù)“so ... that”結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)填that。

4. stopped。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“阻止打架”，用stop, 而且由上下文語境可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

5. friends。根據(jù)句意可知他們成了朋友。故填friends。

6. me。根據(jù)上下文可知是幫助我，動(dòng)詞后用代詞的賓格作賓語。

7. time。as time goes by 意為“隨著時(shí)間的流逝”。

8. seems。it seems that 是固定句型，表示“似乎，好像”。

9. any。not ... any more 是“不再……”的意思。

10. ill / sick。根據(jù)后面的“in hospital”可知，他生病了。

題型五

“動(dòng)詞填空型”完形填空

【解題技巧】 “動(dòng)詞填空型”完形填空提供一些動(dòng)詞，要求考生用其正確形式填空，考查形式可以分為兩種情況：

1. 動(dòng)詞放在短文中空格的后面。這種類型比較簡(jiǎn)單，類似于單句的動(dòng)詞填空，同學(xué)們做題時(shí)只要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及其變化形式等是否符合文章的意思就行了。

2. 動(dòng)詞放在短文前面或后面。這種類型比上一類型難度大，因?yàn)樗紫纫笸瑢W(xué)們根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇意思相符的動(dòng)詞，然后再用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。供選擇的動(dòng)詞數(shù)目有時(shí)和空格數(shù)相等，也可能多于所填寫的空格數(shù)。對(duì)于這種類型的題目，我們應(yīng)該先讀短文再看動(dòng)詞。若有個(gè)別動(dòng)詞把握不住，就把它暫時(shí)放下，等其他空格填好了，再結(jié)合上下文的意思把它填上。另外，在填空的過程中，應(yīng)注意詞組或短語的搭配，有些動(dòng)詞和另外的詞搭配在一起后可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的意義。

【經(jīng)典試題】閱讀短文，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（必要時(shí)可加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞）。

Henry and Charlie were good friends. They worked in a shop. These days Henry did not come to work, but Charlie did not know why. The shopkeeper said there were too many workers in the shop, so he1(send) some away. Charlie heard of it and wanted to tell his friend Henry about the shopkeepers plan. He went to him after supper. When he got there, he2(meet) Henrys wife at the door.

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“Henry3(go) out, hasnt he?” asked Charlie.

“No, he4(be) in bed,” answered the woman.

“Whats wrong with him?”

“He5(not feel) well,” said his wife.

“What on earth is happening?”

“He6(not fall) asleep the whole night.”

Charlie went into the bedroom and saw his friend

7(lie) in bed, crying loudly in pain.

“Have you seen a doctor, Henry?” asked Charlie.

“Not yet,” said Henry. “My wife bought some medicine for me and I took some just now.”

“Youd better8(go) to see a doctor. They will help you, I think.”

“Sorry, I9(not agree) with you,” said Henry. “Last year I had a terrible stomachache, the doctor cut part of my stomach. Last week I got a bad toothache and the dentist had my tooth10(pull). God knows what the doctor will do with my head this time!”

【主旨大意】通讀全文，可以了解到本文講述的是Henry 和Charlie 是好朋友。Charlie聽說商店要減員，他決定去告訴Henry這件事。

【答案與解析】

1. was going to / would send。語境分析，此處應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。

2. met。根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

3. has gone。根據(jù)后面的hasnt可以判斷，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

4. is。表示目前的情況用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

5. isnt feeling / doesnt feel。

6. didnt /couldnt fall。表示過去的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

7. lying。see sb. doing sth.表示“看見某人正在做某事”。

8. go。had better (最好)的后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。

9. cant / dont agree意為“不同意”。

10. pulled。have sth. done意為“請(qǐng)人做某事”。

題型六

“短語句子型”完形填空

【解題技巧】 “短語句子型”完形填空主要考查學(xué)生的語篇理解能力。要求考生根據(jù)語篇情景，用恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z或句子填空，使之意思完整。這種題屬開放性試題，考生填寫的內(nèi)容只要語句通順、符合題意即可。在做題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，注意句子的完整性。特別要注意上下文的聯(lián)系和對(duì)短文的整體理解。

【經(jīng)典試題】根據(jù)語篇情景，用恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z或句子填空，使之意思完整。

The first day of April is commonly known as April Fools Day, and on this day people can play tricks (惡作劇) on their friends. For example, you can try to make one of your friends believe something that1 . If your friend falls into your trick, he or she is an April Fool.

“Rita, the head teacher wants you,” said one of her classmates on April 1.

“All right,” she answered and ran to the office building. When she finally2 , the teacher told her that he didnt want her.

When Rita came back, everyone around her3 , “April fool!” Rita laughed too, but felt so sorry for having been made a fool.

【主旨大意】通讀全文，可以了解到本文講述的是有關(guān)愚人節(jié)的故事。

【答案與解析】

1. is not true / doesnt (really) happen。所填內(nèi)容與前面的that一起作定語，修飾前面的something。

2. found / saw / met the (head) teacher。句意為“當(dāng)她最后找到/看見/發(fā)現(xiàn)校長時(shí)，……”。

3.laughed and shouted。當(dāng)Rita回來時(shí)，她周圍的人都笑她并大喊……。

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