張超
瑪麗·居里又被稱作居里夫人(Madame Curie),是波蘭裔法國籍女物理學(xué)家、化學(xué)家,是放射性現(xiàn)象的研究先驅(qū)。1903年她和丈夫皮埃爾·居里及亨利·貝克勒共同獲得了諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎,1911年又因放射學(xué)方面的成就獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎,是歷史上獲得兩次諾貝爾獎的第一人及唯一的女性。她開創(chuàng)了放射性理論,發(fā)明了分離放射性同位素技術(shù),并發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種新元素釙(Po)和鐳(Ra)。在她的指導(dǎo)下,人們第一次將放射性同位素用于治療癌癥。居里夫人是成功女性的先驅(qū),她的事跡激勵了很多人。
Born (出生): November 7, 1867, Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland, then part of Russian Empire
1867年11月7日,俄羅斯帝國維斯瓦地區(qū)華沙省華沙(位于今波蘭華沙)
Died (逝世): July 4, 1934 (aged 66), Haute-Savoie, France
1934年7月4日(享年66歲),法國上薩瓦省
Nationality (國籍): Poland, France 波蘭,法國
Fields (研究領(lǐng)域): physics, chemistry 物理,化學(xué)
Known for (著名成就): radioactivity 放射性
polonium 釙元素
radium 鐳元素
Notable awards (獲獎): Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(1903年)
Davy Medal (1903)
戴維獎?wù)拢?903年)
Matteucci Medal (1904)
馬陶西勛章(1904年)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)
諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(1911年)
Notes (注): She is the first person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.
她是第一位兩次在不同領(lǐng)域獲得諾貝爾獎的人。
As is known to all, Marie Curie is one of the most famous woman physicists (物理學(xué)家) and chemists in the world. As a scientist, she discovered two radioactive (放射性的) matter—Radium (鐳) and Polonium (釙), which play an important part in human life.
眾所周知,居里夫人是世界上最著名的女性物理學(xué)家和化學(xué)家之一。作為一名科學(xué)家,她發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種放射性物質(zhì)——鐳和釙, 而這兩種物質(zhì)在人類生活中起了十分重要的作用。
Marie Curie was born in a teachers family in Poland (波蘭) on November 7th, 1867. From her childhood, Marie Curie was very interested in science. She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist some day. At the age of 16, she finished middle school. When she was 24, she left for Paris and entered Paris University, because women were not admitted to (許可進入) universities at that time in Poland. When she was studying in Paris, she lived a very poor life. However, she studied very hard and succeeded in taking a first class degree (學(xué)位) in physics in 1893.
1867年11月7日居里夫人出生于波蘭一個教師家庭。自幼居里夫人就對科學(xué)頗感興趣。她愛學(xué)習(xí),并希望有一天成為一名科學(xué)家。16歲的時候, 她讀完中學(xué)。當(dāng)她24歲時, 她去了巴黎并進入了巴黎大學(xué), 因為當(dāng)時在波蘭女性不允許上大學(xué)。她在巴黎學(xué)習(xí)的時候, 過著非常清貧的生活??墒撬龑W(xué)習(xí)卻很刻苦, 并于1893年順利地取得了一級物理學(xué)位。
In 1895 Marie Curie married Pierre Curie, and then they worked together on the research into radioactive matter. They discovered two elements (元素)—Polonium and Radium. In 1903 she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize for physics. In 1906 her husband, Pierre was killed in a traffic accident, but Marie endured (忍?。?the greatest sorrow to go on working and Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911.
1895年居里夫人和皮埃爾·居里結(jié)了婚, 然后他們一起從事放射性物質(zhì)的研究工作。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種元素——鐳和釙。1903年,她和她的丈夫被授予諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。1906年她的丈夫皮埃爾在一次交通事故中喪生, 但居里夫人忍住巨大悲痛繼續(xù)工作,并于1911年獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。
The radium with which she had worked for many years had caused (引起) serious illnesses and finally a disease (疾?。?of the blood. For the last ten years of her life she was almost blind. In 1934 she died of leukemia (白血?。?in Paris at the age of 66.
她曾多年來從事研究的鐳使她患上了嚴重的疾病,最后還得了血液病。在她生命的最后十年她幾乎雙目失明。1934年她在巴黎病逝于白血病, 享年66歲。
Madame Curie contributed (貢獻) her whole life to the scientific research. She was the only scientist who has got the Nobel Prize twice. One was Nobel Prize in physics in 1903, the other one was Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911.
居里夫人把她的一生都獻給了科學(xué)研究。她是那時唯一一位獲得兩項諾貝爾獎的科學(xué)家。一項是1903年獲得的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎,另一項是1911年獲得的諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。
Today Marie Curie, a famous and respected (受尊敬的) woman scientist, a French professor of physics, will be remembered as a great scientist by us for ever. And she will be also remembered for her determination (決心) and courage (勇氣) in the scientific research career (事業(yè)).
今天,居里夫人, 作為一位著名而又受人尊敬的女科學(xué)家, 法國物理學(xué)教授, 將永遠為我們所懷念,而她所從事科研事業(yè)的決心和勇氣也將永遠為后人所牢記。