王磊
(吉林工商學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130062)
英語(yǔ)科技文長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)分析
王磊
(吉林工商學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院,吉林長(zhǎng)春 130062)
英語(yǔ)科技文涉及科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)的文章,反映全球科技的最新進(jìn)展。文體多以議論文為主,說(shuō)明文為輔。在語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層面具有長(zhǎng)句錯(cuò)綜、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。長(zhǎng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析是英語(yǔ)科技文閱讀和理解的關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題。本文論述了英語(yǔ)科技文長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析原則并對(duì)實(shí)例進(jìn)行了分析。
英語(yǔ) 科技文 長(zhǎng)句 結(jié)構(gòu)
英語(yǔ)科技文涉及科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)的文章,反映全球科技的最新進(jìn)展。文體多以議論文為主,說(shuō)明文為輔。在語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層面具有長(zhǎng)句錯(cuò)綜、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。長(zhǎng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析是英語(yǔ)科技文閱讀和理解的關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題。
英語(yǔ)科技文中的句子重語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)一系列的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組合成句子,以形連表意連,通過(guò)各種限定成分、修飾成分以及補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)分析和說(shuō)明問(wèn)題、闡明客觀事實(shí)和道理,表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。因此在結(jié)構(gòu)上首先可將其簡(jiǎn)化成英語(yǔ)句子的兩個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主謂賓和主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其次要找到存在的并列關(guān)系(存在代詞指代問(wèn)題和省略)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句的引導(dǎo)詞、名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)、形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)、狀語(yǔ)從句和插入語(yǔ)等成分。另外還要了解主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成,明確副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)在文中的成分和作用。
(1)The things that chemists actually do to investigate the properties and reactions of matter vary widely,and are constantly undergoing change as new methods are developed,new equipment is invented, and new techniques devised.
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:The things that…vary widely and are constanctly undergoing…as…。此句是一個(gè)由and引導(dǎo)的并列句,主語(yǔ)是The things,謂語(yǔ)是vary和are undergoing,前半句中由that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句修飾things,后半句中的as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中有三個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句,①new methods are developed.②new equipment is invented.③new techniques(are)devised.第三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中省略了are。
(2)Comfort care involves adjusting medications to obtain relief of symptoms,providing explanations of likely causes of symptoms,and reassuring families that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected。
本句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Comfort care(主語(yǔ))involves(謂語(yǔ))adjusting…,providing…and reassuring…that….(that)….。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞involves有三個(gè)并列的由動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)。最后一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中,reassuring引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句that the constellations of symptoms they witness are expected,在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)省略引導(dǎo)詞that的定語(yǔ)從句“they witness”,修飾先行詞symptoms。
(3)Presidents run for office based on claims of what they will do for a vast and poorly understood economy composed of many unpredictably interacting sectors。
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:Presidents(主語(yǔ))run for(謂語(yǔ))office(賓語(yǔ))…。based on claims of…是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。what they will do是介詞of的賓語(yǔ)從句。Composed of是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾economy。
(4)The whole world today is so much shaken up with the word“biotechnology”that it has become a strong belief that this is “the field”which will give solution to our any problem.
本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:the whole world is so…that (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)…that(belief的同位語(yǔ)從句)…which(定語(yǔ)從句,修飾field)…。
(5)Up to this point architecture has been discussed as a series of linked spaces, each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other.
此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:Up to this point(狀語(yǔ))architecture(主語(yǔ))has been discussed(謂語(yǔ))as a series of linked spaces(狀語(yǔ)),each possessing a particular quality and each related to the other(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ))。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由邏輯主語(yǔ)each和兩個(gè)分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞possessing,過(guò)去分詞related to)構(gòu)成,表伴隨。
(6)If we acknowledge that an objective of life is the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences,then the relationship of spaces to one another, as experienced over time,becomes a major design problem.
本句的結(jié)構(gòu)是:If(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)… then(主句)…。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾acknowledge,主句中非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as experienced over time修飾主句,有插入語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)。主從句各部分的語(yǔ)法成分是:we(主語(yǔ))acknowledge(謂語(yǔ))that an objective of life (主語(yǔ))is(系動(dòng)詞)the achievement of a continuous flow of harmonious experiences(表語(yǔ)), then the relationship of spaces to one another(主語(yǔ)),as experienced over time(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句),becomes(系動(dòng)詞)a major design problem(表語(yǔ))。
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王磊,女,1983年生,吉林工商學(xué)院講師,研究方向:英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)。