鐘帝欽+蔡錦鍇+黃標(biāo)新
【摘要】 目的 探討丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉對(duì)上腹部手術(shù)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響。方法 選取上腹部手術(shù)患者84例, 隨機(jī)分為兩組, 每組42例。觀察組使用丙泊酚靶控輸注進(jìn)行麻醉, 對(duì)照組使用七氟醚吸入進(jìn)行麻醉。對(duì)麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(T0)、氣管插管前(T1)、氣管插管完成瞬間(T2)、切皮后5 min(T3)、手術(shù)開始后45 min(T4)患者的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行記錄, 并觀察患者的不良反應(yīng)和術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況。結(jié)果 觀察組各時(shí)刻心率(HR)與T0時(shí)刻比較, 差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組T1時(shí)刻HR明顯低于T0時(shí)刻, T2時(shí)刻明顯高于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05)。觀察組僅T1時(shí)刻平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05);對(duì)照組T1時(shí)刻MAP明顯低于T0時(shí)刻, T2、T3、T4時(shí)刻明顯高于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05);觀察組僅T1時(shí)刻血氧飽和度(SpO2)明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05), 后迅速恢復(fù)正常;對(duì)照組T1、T2、T3、T4時(shí)刻SpO2雖逐漸升高, 但明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05)。觀察組睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率7.14%明顯低于對(duì)照組21.43%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 丙泊酚靶控輸注用于上腹部手術(shù)麻醉對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響小, 不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低, 是一種安全可靠的麻醉方法, 值得推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 丙泊酚;上腹部手術(shù);靶控輸注
Safety and effectiveness of target controlled infusion of propofol anesthesia on haemodynamics of patients with upper abdominal operation ZHONG Di-qin, CAI Jin-kai, HUANG Biao-xin. Department of Anesthesiology, Pengpai Memorial Hospital of Haifeng County, Shanwei 516400, China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of target controlled infusion of propofol anesthesia on haemodynamics of patients with upper abdominal operation. Methods Selection of 84 patients with abdominal operation who were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group had 42 cases. The observation group using target controlled infusion of propofol anesthesia, the control group were anesthetized with sevoflurane inhalation. Indexes of hemodynamics about before induction of anesthesia (T0), before tracheal intubation (T1), tracheal intubation moment (T2), 5 min after skin incision (T3), 45 min after operation beginning (T4) were recorded, and the adverse reactions and postoperative recovery were observed.Results The observation group each time the heart rate (HR) compared with the T0moment, no significant difference (P>0.05); the control group at T1 HR was significantly lower than that of T0 moment, T2 moment was significantly higher than that of T0 moment (P<0.05). The observation group only T1 times the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly lower than that of T0 moment (P<0.05); the control group at T1 MAP was significantly lower than that of T0moment, T2 moment, T3, T4 was significantly higher than that of T0 moment (P<0.05); to observe the oxygen saturation of blood group T1 only time (SpO2) was significantly lower than that in T0 time (P<0.05), and then quickly return to normal; the control group T1, T2, T3, T4 time of SpO2 gradually increased, but significantly lower than that of T0 moment (P<0.05). In the observation group time to eye opening, extubation time, recovery time shortened significantly compared with control group (P<0.05); the observation group the incidence of adverse reaction was 7.14%, significantly lower than the control group 21.43% (P<0.05).Conclusion Effects of target controlled infusion of propofol anesthesia in upper abdominal operation with small effects on hemodynamics, low incidence of adverse reactions, it is a reliable and safe anesthesia method.endprint
【Key words】 Upper abdominal operation; Propofol; Target controlled infusion丙泊酚是一種短效、快速靜脈麻醉藥, 其具有發(fā)揮藥效迅速、體內(nèi)清除快和術(shù)后患者麻醉恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛用于臨床。靶控輸注(target-controlled infusion, TCI)技術(shù)的發(fā)展, 對(duì)傳統(tǒng)給藥方式產(chǎn)生了革命性的推進(jìn), 其運(yùn)用于臨床麻醉, 使準(zhǔn)確調(diào)節(jié)患者的麻醉深度成為可能, 其可以根據(jù)患者的個(gè)體差異給予麻醉藥, 減少了麻醉藥的用量, 降低了不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生[1]。靶控輸注丙泊酚用于上腹部手術(shù)患者的研究報(bào)道較少, 作者結(jié)合84例上腹部手術(shù)患者的臨床資料, 對(duì)比分析丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉對(duì)上腹部手術(shù)患者的安全性和對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取2012年3月~2013年11月本院進(jìn)行上腹部手術(shù)的患者84例, 男52例, 女32例, 年齡18~72歲, 平均(46.39±8.44)歲。隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組, 每組42例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):無精神異常;無心腦腎等嚴(yán)重器質(zhì)性疾??;無藥物濫用史;對(duì)本實(shí)驗(yàn)用藥不過敏;美國(guó)麻醉師協(xié)會(huì)分級(jí)(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí);患者及家屬同意, 并簽署知情同意書。兩組患者在年齡、性別和疾病類型等方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05), 具有可比性。
1. 2 麻醉方法 麻醉前30 min給予0.5 mg阿托品, 患者取仰臥位, 對(duì)患者進(jìn)行常規(guī)的心電監(jiān)護(hù)和腦電雙頻指數(shù) (BIS)監(jiān)測(cè), 進(jìn)行5 min吸氧, 分別給予咪達(dá)唑侖(0.05 mg/kg)、芬太尼(0.004 mg/kg)和順阿曲庫(kù)銨(0.16 mg/kg)進(jìn)行麻醉誘導(dǎo), 患者獲得滿意的肌肉松弛度后進(jìn)行氣管插管, 開始機(jī)械通氣。觀察組患者:丙泊酚進(jìn)行靶控輸注;對(duì)照組患者:使用七氟醚吸入麻醉。麻醉過程中兩組患者通過調(diào)節(jié)丙泊酚或七氟醚的濃度維持BIS在45~55之間[2]。對(duì)麻醉誘導(dǎo)前(T0)、氣管插管前(T1)、氣管插管完成瞬間(T2)、切皮后5 min(T3)、手術(shù)開始后45 min(T4)患者的心率(HR)、平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)和血氧飽和度(SpO2)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行記錄, 并觀察患者的不良反應(yīng)和術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況。
1. 3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行處理, 計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 兩組血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的改變 觀察組各時(shí)刻HR與T0時(shí)刻比較, 差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對(duì)照組T1時(shí)刻HR明顯低于T0時(shí)刻, T2時(shí)刻明顯高于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05)。觀察組僅T1時(shí)刻MAP明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05);對(duì)照組T1時(shí)刻MAP明顯低于T0時(shí)刻, T2、T3、T4時(shí)刻明顯高于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05);觀察組僅T1時(shí)刻SpO2明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05), 后迅速恢復(fù)正常;對(duì)照組T1、T2、T3、T4時(shí)刻SpO2雖逐漸升高, 但明顯低于T0時(shí)刻(P<0.05)。見表1。
2. 2 兩組術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況 觀察組睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
表2 兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況比較( x-±s, min)
組別 n 睜眼時(shí)間 拔管時(shí)間 定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間
觀察組 42 8.73±2.44 11.73±3.56 14.92±2.33
對(duì)照組 42 15.38±3.15 20.17±3.82 22.37±2.54
t 10.82 10.48 14.01
P <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
2. 3 兩組不良反應(yīng) 觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率7.14%明顯低于對(duì)照組的21.43%(P<0.05)。見表3。
表3 兩組不良反應(yīng)情況比較[n(%)]
組別 n 心動(dòng)過緩 嗆咳 惡心、嘔吐 躁動(dòng) 不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率
觀察組 42 0 1 1 1 3(7.14)
對(duì)照組 42 1 2 4 2 9(21.43)
χ2 3.50
P <0.05
3 討論
快速、短效麻醉藥丙泊酚是通過非選擇性鈣通道阻滯作用發(fā)揮藥效的, 其通過調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)活性和血管阻力, 可對(duì)缺血器官具有一定的保護(hù)作用[3]。丙泊酚麻醉具有起效快、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快和對(duì)呼吸循環(huán)系統(tǒng)影響小等特點(diǎn), 被臨床廣泛使用。丙泊酚具有較高的脂溶性, 易透過胎盤進(jìn)入胎兒體內(nèi), 可抑制新生兒的呼吸, 所以丙泊酚在產(chǎn)科的使用受到一定的限制[4]。
本研究中, 與T0時(shí)刻相比, 觀察組患者在使用丙泊酚后心率和平均動(dòng)脈壓都出現(xiàn)輕微的下降, 這說明心血管系統(tǒng)受到了丙泊酚的抑制作用。但是, 靶控輸注的使用使丙泊酚心血管系統(tǒng)抑制作用大大削弱。靶控輸注是一種計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng), 其是建立在藥動(dòng)學(xué)和藥效學(xué)模型基礎(chǔ)上的, 血漿藥物濃度或者效應(yīng)室藥物濃度起到反饋性控制藥物效應(yīng)的作用[5], 其能間斷給藥, 使麻醉的深度更加可控, 患者發(fā)生呼吸抑制的可能性降低, 使患者的血液動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)波動(dòng)性也較小[6]。吳明毅等[7]對(duì)60例老年胃癌根治術(shù)患者進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉維持對(duì)患者的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響小, 患者術(shù)后蘇醒質(zhì)量高。
觀察組血流動(dòng)力學(xué)較平穩(wěn), 觀察組患者睜眼時(shí)間、拔管時(shí)間、定向力恢復(fù)時(shí)間明顯短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05), 說明丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉對(duì)上腹部手術(shù)患者的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響小, 術(shù)后麻醉恢復(fù)快。湯汝等[8]通過對(duì)40例老年腹部手術(shù)患者進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 靶控輸注丙泊酚用于手術(shù)患者, 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更加平穩(wěn), 術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)少, 與本研究結(jié)果相一致。觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為7.14%明顯低于對(duì)照組的21.43%(P<0.05), 說明丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉可以降低不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生, 更具安全性。致嘔作用是絕大部分麻醉性鎮(zhèn)痛藥的共同特性, 但丙泊酚卻具有一定的抗嘔吐作用, 其可以對(duì)嘔吐化學(xué)感受區(qū)迷走神經(jīng)核進(jìn)行抑制, 還可以通過神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)揮抗嘔吐作用, 這也可能是丙泊酚不良反應(yīng)少的原因之一。endprint
綜上所述, 丙泊酚靶控輸注用于上腹部手術(shù)麻醉血流動(dòng)力學(xué)平穩(wěn), 患者恢復(fù)快, 不良反應(yīng)少, 值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Indranil B,Preethy JM,Rana SS,et al.Evaluation of closed-loop anesthesia delivery for propofol anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery.Pediatric Anesthesia, 2013,23(12):1145-1152.
[2] 吳長(zhǎng)毅,張梁,鄧瑩,等.腦電雙頻指數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)丙泊酚全麻患者術(shù)中做夢(mèng)發(fā)生率的影響.中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志, 2011, 27(2): 92-95.
[3] Yang WC,Geng YJ,Liu Y,et al.Comparison of Effects of Thoracic Epidural and Intravenous Administration of Lidocaine on Target-Controlled Infusion of Propofol and Tracheal Intubation Response During Induction of Anesthesia.Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2013,27(6):1295-1300.
[4] 鮮瀲艷.丙泊酚復(fù)合瑞芬太尼靶控輸注在產(chǎn)科患者全身麻醉中的臨床應(yīng)用研究.醫(yī)學(xué)理論與實(shí)踐, 2011,24(15):1773-1774.
[5] 趙昭,黃紹農(nóng),涂新枝,等.七氟醚復(fù)合丙泊酚靶控輸注在甲狀腺手術(shù)中應(yīng)用.中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào), 2012,9(5):76-77.
[6] Chan WH, Chang SL,Lin CS, et al. Target-controlled infusion of propofol versus intermittent bolus of a sedative cocktail regimen in deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: Comparison of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters.Journal of Digestive Diseases, 2014,15(1):18-26.
[7] 吳明毅,孫玉明,褚文彥,等.丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉維持對(duì)老年胃癌根治術(shù)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及蘇醒質(zhì)量的影響.現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2012,12(33):6549-6551.
[8] 湯汝,郭婷.丙泊酚靶控輸注對(duì)老年患者全身麻醉血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響.中國(guó)臨床藥學(xué)雜志, 2013,22(2):90-93.
[收稿日期:2014-03-14]endprint
綜上所述, 丙泊酚靶控輸注用于上腹部手術(shù)麻醉血流動(dòng)力學(xué)平穩(wěn), 患者恢復(fù)快, 不良反應(yīng)少, 值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Indranil B,Preethy JM,Rana SS,et al.Evaluation of closed-loop anesthesia delivery for propofol anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery.Pediatric Anesthesia, 2013,23(12):1145-1152.
[2] 吳長(zhǎng)毅,張梁,鄧瑩,等.腦電雙頻指數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)丙泊酚全麻患者術(shù)中做夢(mèng)發(fā)生率的影響.中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志, 2011, 27(2): 92-95.
[3] Yang WC,Geng YJ,Liu Y,et al.Comparison of Effects of Thoracic Epidural and Intravenous Administration of Lidocaine on Target-Controlled Infusion of Propofol and Tracheal Intubation Response During Induction of Anesthesia.Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2013,27(6):1295-1300.
[4] 鮮瀲艷.丙泊酚復(fù)合瑞芬太尼靶控輸注在產(chǎn)科患者全身麻醉中的臨床應(yīng)用研究.醫(yī)學(xué)理論與實(shí)踐, 2011,24(15):1773-1774.
[5] 趙昭,黃紹農(nóng),涂新枝,等.七氟醚復(fù)合丙泊酚靶控輸注在甲狀腺手術(shù)中應(yīng)用.中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào), 2012,9(5):76-77.
[6] Chan WH, Chang SL,Lin CS, et al. Target-controlled infusion of propofol versus intermittent bolus of a sedative cocktail regimen in deep sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy: Comparison of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters.Journal of Digestive Diseases, 2014,15(1):18-26.
[7] 吳明毅,孫玉明,褚文彥,等.丙泊酚靶控輸注麻醉維持對(duì)老年胃癌根治術(shù)患者血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及蘇醒質(zhì)量的影響.現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2012,12(33):6549-6551.
[8] 湯汝,郭婷.丙泊酚靶控輸注對(duì)老年患者全身麻醉血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的影響.中國(guó)臨床藥學(xué)雜志, 2013,22(2):90-93.
[收稿日期:2014-03-14]endprint
綜上所述, 丙泊酚靶控輸注用于上腹部手術(shù)麻醉血流動(dòng)力學(xué)平穩(wěn), 患者恢復(fù)快, 不良反應(yīng)少, 值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Indranil B,Preethy JM,Rana SS,et al.Evaluation of closed-loop anesthesia delivery for propofol anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery.Pediatric Anesthesia, 2013,23(12):1145-1152.
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[收稿日期:2014-03-14]endprint