• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

      免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子在腫瘤化療敏感性調(diào)控中的研究進(jìn)展*

      2014-07-02 01:45:40呂麗宋鑫
      中國腫瘤臨床 2014年24期
      關(guān)鍵詞:免疫調(diào)節(jié)紫杉醇敏感性

      呂麗 宋鑫

      ·國家基金研究進(jìn)展綜述·

      免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子在腫瘤化療敏感性調(diào)控中的研究進(jìn)展*

      呂麗 宋鑫

      原發(fā)性或獲得性耐藥是腫瘤化療失敗的主要原因,如何逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥是當(dāng)前腫瘤化療研究熱點(diǎn)。新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子參與腫瘤化療耐藥,靶向干預(yù)免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子可以逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥,引起國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的極度關(guān)注。研究已證實(shí),免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子PD-L1、B7-H3、HMGB1、TRAIL、MyD88、細(xì)胞因子(TNF-α、IFN-α、IL-6)等在調(diào)控機(jī)體免疫功能的同時(shí),也能調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞耐藥特性,為逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤化療耐藥提供了新思路。本文就免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子在腫瘤化療敏感性改變中的研究進(jìn)展作一綜述,旨在為生物化療新方案的實(shí)施提供理論依據(jù)。

      免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子 細(xì)胞因子 腫瘤 化療耐藥

      惡性腫瘤嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康。化療在腫瘤非手術(shù)治療中占據(jù)核心地位,盡管化療在多種血液腫瘤和實(shí)體瘤治療中取得了令人矚目的療效,但原發(fā)性或獲得性耐藥仍是臨床治療面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子PD-L1、B7-H3、HMGB1、TRAIL、MyD88、細(xì)胞因子TNF-α、IFN-α、IL-6等在調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體抗腫瘤免疫的同時(shí),還參與調(diào)控腫瘤化療耐藥,靶向干預(yù)免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子可以逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥,為腫瘤患者綜合治療方案的發(fā)展帶來較大的影響。本文針對(duì)免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子在抗腫瘤免疫調(diào)節(jié)和化療耐藥中的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述,以期為患者化療耐藥后靶向免疫調(diào)節(jié)治療提供新的治療方法和途徑。

      1 B7家族成員

      1.1 負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)分子PD-L1

      程序性死亡配體-1(programmed death1-ligand,PD-L1)屬于B7家族成員,又名B7-H1、CD274,是T細(xì)胞的抑制性分子,可保護(hù)腫瘤細(xì)胞抵抗來自免疫的攻擊,主要表達(dá)于T、B淋巴細(xì)胞、樹突狀細(xì)胞等非造血細(xì)胞表面,其受體為CD28家族成員程序性死亡受體-1(programmed cell death-1,PD-1)。PD-L1與PD-1相互作用后可抑制T細(xì)胞增殖及細(xì)胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2等)的分泌,加速效應(yīng)性T淋巴細(xì)胞凋亡及功能衰竭,介導(dǎo)腫瘤免疫逃逸[1]。新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PD-L1作為負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)分子,不僅在腫瘤免疫逃逸中發(fā)揮重要作用,而且高表達(dá)于肺癌[2]、乳腺癌[3]等腫瘤,與臨床分期及預(yù)后緊密相關(guān),逐漸成為腫瘤免疫和腫瘤臨床研究熱點(diǎn)。

      令人感興趣的是,PD-L1不但參與腫瘤免疫逃逸,而且與化療藥物敏感性緊密相關(guān)。在乳腺癌細(xì)胞系中,沉默PD-L1后可增強(qiáng)阿霉素介導(dǎo)的腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[4];在淋巴瘤細(xì)胞中,抑制PD-L1的表達(dá)可逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑的耐藥,進(jìn)而在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),PD-L1 RNAi聯(lián)合順鉑作用于荷瘤小鼠可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長,顯著增強(qiáng)荷瘤小鼠的抗腫瘤活性并延長其總生存期[5]。此外,在胰腺癌小鼠模型中,PD-L1單抗可明顯增加吉西他濱的抗腫瘤療效[6]。由上可見,PD-L1與腫瘤化療敏感性存在一定關(guān)聯(lián),然而,PD-L1介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞化療耐藥分子機(jī)制至今尚未闡明,可能與細(xì)胞凋亡抑制途徑有關(guān),也可能因產(chǎn)生耐藥蛋白或DNA損傷修復(fù)功能的改變等引起,還需進(jìn)一步研究。

      目前,PD-L1抑制劑BMS-936559/MDX-1105、MPDL-3280A作為靶向治療藥物已進(jìn)入Ⅰ/Ⅱ期臨床試驗(yàn),然而,PD-L1單抗在腫瘤耐藥中的作用尚處于初期研究階段,靶向阻斷PD-L1逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤化療耐藥極有可能成為未來腫瘤耐藥治療新的突破口。

      1.2 共刺激分子B7-H3

      B7同源物3(B7-homologue 3,B7-H3)為B7家族新成員,又名CD276,屬于I型跨膜糖蛋白。B7-H3在正常組織中表達(dá)極其微弱,然而通過佛波酯和離子霉素體外刺激可在激活的B細(xì)胞、自然殺傷(natural killer,NK)細(xì)胞和T細(xì)胞上高表達(dá)。B7-H3在胰腺癌、結(jié)直腸癌、非小細(xì)胞肺癌等多種腫瘤組織中顯著高表達(dá),導(dǎo)致T細(xì)胞活性下調(diào)[7]。在腫瘤組織中,B7-H3通過與T細(xì)胞或抗原提呈細(xì)胞的受體結(jié)合可抑制T細(xì)胞增殖,與NK細(xì)胞表達(dá)的抑制性受體結(jié)合,可發(fā)揮負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)作用,使腫瘤細(xì)胞逃逸NK細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的殺傷作用[8]。

      新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)分子B7-H3參與腫瘤細(xì)胞化療耐藥,靶向干預(yù)B7-H3可以逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥。在乳腺癌研究中,下調(diào)B7-H3可增加乳腺癌細(xì)胞系對(duì)紫杉醇的敏感性,而過表達(dá)B7-H3可誘導(dǎo)紫杉醇耐藥;在裸鼠移植瘤模型中,B7-H3敲除的乳腺癌細(xì)胞生長速度明顯減慢,并且紫杉醇對(duì)B7-H3敲除腫瘤具有更強(qiáng)的抗瘤活性[9]。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),紫杉醇治療增加卵巢癌細(xì)胞B7-H3表達(dá),用靶向B7-H3的鼠單克隆抗體376.96處理紫杉醇或鉑類耐藥的卵巢癌細(xì)胞系,可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長并導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞活力下降;此外,B7-H3單抗376.96可以增強(qiáng)舒尼替尼對(duì)腫瘤起始細(xì)胞的殺傷作用[10]。因此,B7-H3是腫瘤免疫治療的有效靶點(diǎn),針對(duì)B7-H3的靶向藥物不僅可以抑制腫瘤生長,而且具有逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤化療耐藥作用,需要更多的研究推動(dòng)B7-H3單抗的臨床應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)化。

      2 新型自噬調(diào)節(jié)因子HMGB1

      高遷移率族蛋白-B1(high mobility group box-1,HMGB1)是第一個(gè)被證實(shí)的能與DNA結(jié)合并能改變DNA螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的非組蛋白,由215個(gè)氨基酸殘基組成,屬于HMG超家族成員之一。胞內(nèi)HMGB1是一種重要的結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白,參與核小體構(gòu)建、DNA修復(fù)等功能;胞外HMGB1作為一種晚期炎性遞質(zhì),與多種自身免疫性疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制密切相關(guān)[11]。在腫瘤研究中,HMGB1在惡性黑色素瘤、骨肉瘤、胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌等多種實(shí)體腫瘤中高表達(dá),與腫瘤的病灶大小、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移等密切相關(guān)[12-13]。

      新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HMGB1可調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞自噬,介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞化療耐藥。在骨肉瘤中,用阿霉素、順鉑和氨甲喋呤等作用于骨肉瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)現(xiàn)HMGB1顯著上調(diào),呈時(shí)間依賴性,敲除HMGB1可恢復(fù)其對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性[14]。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HMGB1可被miR-22靶向調(diào)控,通過自噬介導(dǎo)骨肉瘤化療耐藥[15]。另有研究顯示,HMGB1主要通過結(jié)合自噬調(diào)節(jié)基因Beclin1調(diào)節(jié)Beclin1-PI3KC3復(fù)合物的形成,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞自噬,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞化療耐藥[16]。綜上所述,HMGB1是介導(dǎo)腫瘤化療耐藥的關(guān)鍵分子,主要通過自噬調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤化療敏感性,可作為逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤耐藥的干預(yù)靶標(biāo)。目前HMGB1靶向藥物已進(jìn)入臨床前研究,如HMGB1中和抗體等,前景值得期待。

      3 腫瘤壞死因子超家族TRAIL

      腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)凋亡誘導(dǎo)配體(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TRAIL)又稱凋亡素-2配體,為Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白,主要通過與細(xì)胞膜上的死亡受體結(jié)合而激活凋亡信號(hào)途徑。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TRAIL在乳腺癌[17]、膀胱癌[18]、卵巢癌[19]等多種腫瘤中高表達(dá),與死亡受體相互作用誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡。James等[20]在腎癌研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤原位注射腺病毒編碼的鼠TRAIL(Ad5mTRAIL)聯(lián)合CpG寡脫氧核苷酸治療,可使小鼠產(chǎn)生全身性抗腫瘤免疫反應(yīng),消除原發(fā)腫瘤和肺轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤。TRAIL因具有誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡的作用,被廣泛應(yīng)用于抗腫瘤治療研究中,極具開發(fā)潛力。

      進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TRAIL同時(shí)也參與腫瘤多藥耐藥。Cuello等[21]在卵巢癌研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),TRAIL聯(lián)合順鉑、紫杉醇、阿霉素等化療藥物可明顯增加耐藥卵巢癌細(xì)胞的凋亡。另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TRAIL與順鉑聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,可提高卵巢癌細(xì)胞化療敏感性[22]。令人感興趣的是,TRAIL對(duì)P-gP介導(dǎo)的多藥耐藥腫瘤具有獨(dú)特治療作用,如在白血病、乳腺癌和卵巢癌中,TRAIL能下調(diào)P-gP的表達(dá),進(jìn)而逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤耐藥[23,24]。上述研究表明,TRAIL可逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤多藥耐藥,與化療藥物聯(lián)合可發(fā)揮協(xié)同增效作用。目前,TRAIL用于惡性腫瘤的治療已經(jīng)進(jìn)入Ⅰ/Ⅱ期臨床試驗(yàn)階段,然而其介導(dǎo)的逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤化療耐藥機(jī)制還處于探索階段,需要更深入的研究。

      4 Toll樣受體信號(hào)通路分子MyD88

      髓樣分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)為Toll樣受體(TLRs)信號(hào)通路中關(guān)鍵的接頭分子,可引起多種炎性因子(IL-1、IL-6等)的釋放,介導(dǎo)人體固有免疫。MyD88在腫瘤免疫中的作用存在爭議。在胃癌中,MyD88的缺失可促進(jìn)幽門螺桿菌誘發(fā)的胃癌進(jìn)展[25]。而在小鼠皮膚乳頭狀瘤和纖維肉瘤化學(xué)誘癌模型中,MyD88陽性者腫瘤成瘤率顯著高于MyD88陰性者[26]。MyD88在腫瘤免疫研究中作用各異,其內(nèi)在作用機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究。

      值得關(guān)注的是,MyD88不僅是重要的促炎細(xì)胞因子,新近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MyD88還參與腫瘤化療耐藥。Kelly等[27]在卵巢癌中率先發(fā)現(xiàn)MyD88的表達(dá)與紫杉醇的耐藥性緊密相關(guān)。隨后,在原發(fā)性和復(fù)發(fā)性上皮性卵巢癌中發(fā)現(xiàn),接受卡鉑聯(lián)合紫杉醇治療的MyD88陽性患者無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)和總生存期(OS)明顯短于MyD88陰性腫瘤患者[28]。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阻斷MyD88通路可明顯增強(qiáng)上皮性卵巢癌細(xì)胞對(duì)紫杉醇的敏感性[29]??傊琓LR信號(hào)通路的關(guān)鍵分子MyD88是調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤化療耐藥的重要分子,有望成為逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥的新型靶點(diǎn)。

      5 調(diào)節(jié)耐藥的重要細(xì)胞因子

      5.1 TNF-α

      腫瘤壞死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)為體內(nèi)重要的炎性因子,不但在炎癥反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮重要作用,同時(shí)在腫瘤耐藥方面也扮演重要角色。一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,TNF-α具有逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤耐藥的作用。將人TNF-α基因轉(zhuǎn)染至膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞中可降低細(xì)胞P-gp表達(dá),增強(qiáng)多藥耐藥細(xì)胞系對(duì)長春新堿和阿霉素的敏感性[30]。人肝癌耐藥細(xì)胞株中,Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯增高,轉(zhuǎn)染TNF-α后可顯著降低Bcl-2表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)化療藥物對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的凋亡,起到一定的逆轉(zhuǎn)耐藥作用[31]。然而,另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,TNF-α也會(huì)促進(jìn)腫瘤化療耐藥。Tsubaki等[32]發(fā)現(xiàn),抑制TNF-α可增強(qiáng)抗癌藥物在多發(fā)性骨髓瘤細(xì)胞系中的敏感性,這種機(jī)制是通過抑制TNF受體/mTOR/NF-κB途徑引起。在乳腺癌中,化療藥物多柔比星和環(huán)磷酰胺刺激內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和其他基質(zhì)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生TNF-α,TNF-α通過NF-κB提高CXCL1/2的表達(dá),進(jìn)而擴(kuò)增CXCL1/2-S100A8/9環(huán)引起化療耐藥[33]。

      由于TNF-α在人類腫瘤中的作用存在爭議,故關(guān)于TNF-α在腫瘤中的治療還需進(jìn)一步深入研究。目前,TNF-α聯(lián)合化療藥物治療黑色素瘤、肉瘤和肝癌等已取得較好的療效。同時(shí),TNF-α抑制劑如英利昔單抗和依那西普也成功應(yīng)用于多種自身免疫性疾病治療[34],然而關(guān)于TNF-α抑制劑治療腫瘤的報(bào)道很少,尚處于探索階段。

      5.2 IFN-α

      α-干擾素(alpha-interferon,IFN-α)屬于I型干擾素,具有抗病毒、誘導(dǎo)分化及調(diào)節(jié)免疫等多種生物學(xué)作用。近年研究顯示,IFN-α還可增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性,主要通過增加腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)化療藥物濃度、加速腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡等方式,逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥[35],成為人們研究的熱點(diǎn)。Ben等[36]在小鼠Lewis肺癌研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),IFN-α可增加腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)多西紫杉醇(DTX)的吸收,并可增強(qiáng)DTX的抗腫瘤和抗轉(zhuǎn)移作用;進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí),IFN-α可降低多藥耐藥骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系中P-gp的表達(dá),從而降低P-gp的“泵藥”作用,顯著增加耐藥細(xì)胞對(duì)阿霉素的敏感性[37]。此外,Caspase-8是IFN-α的靶基因,IFN-α治療可增加肝癌細(xì)胞中Caspase-8的表達(dá),從而促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡[38]。由上可見,IFN-α聯(lián)合化療在腫瘤治療中具有較好的增敏作用。目前,IFN-α已廣泛用于惡性黑色素瘤、腎細(xì)胞癌、肝癌、白血病等的臨床治療,但是IFN-α作為化療輔助用藥,用于逆轉(zhuǎn)化療耐藥的研究才剛剛起步。

      5.3 IL-6

      白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)是腫瘤微環(huán)境中的主要免疫調(diào)節(jié)因子,主要參與調(diào)節(jié)免疫應(yīng)答,并且在腫瘤微環(huán)重建和腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移中發(fā)揮重要作用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),乳腺癌患者血清IL-6高表達(dá),與腫瘤分期,淋巴結(jié)浸潤,腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)和患者預(yù)后不良相關(guān)[39],提示IL-6是腫瘤進(jìn)展的關(guān)鍵分子。

      此外,IL-6還與腫瘤對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性密切相關(guān)[40]。在骨髓瘤中,阻斷IL-6信號(hào)通路可增加其對(duì)硼替佐米的敏感性[41];在紫杉醇敏感的骨肉瘤細(xì)胞中導(dǎo)入IL-6 cDNA,可使骨肉瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)化療藥物的抵抗性增加[42]。在肺癌中,化療藥物可增加IL-6的表達(dá),激活A(yù)TM/NF-κ T通路,使ABCG2、Bcl-2、Mcl-1和Bcl-xl的表達(dá)增加,促進(jìn)肺癌細(xì)胞多重耐藥[40]。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-6也可以通過AMPK/mTOR途徑調(diào)節(jié)自噬促進(jìn)腫瘤化療耐藥[43]。上述研究表明,抑制或減少腫瘤細(xì)胞分泌IL-6,可不同程度地逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤化療耐藥。

      6 調(diào)節(jié)耐藥的潛在免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子

      隨著腫瘤微環(huán)境和腫瘤免疫治療的深度發(fā)展,參與調(diào)控腫瘤化療敏感性的免疫分子不斷被發(fā)現(xiàn),并逐漸成為腫瘤耐藥機(jī)制和腫瘤免疫治療研究的新導(dǎo)向。越來越多的研究表明,腫瘤組織中部分免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子在誘導(dǎo)腫瘤免疫耐受的基礎(chǔ)上,也促進(jìn)或者減弱腫瘤化療耐藥能力,如細(xì)胞因子IL-1β[44]、B7家族分子PD-L2[45]等,均在腫瘤化療敏感性中發(fā)揮重要作用,逐漸成為新的研究熱點(diǎn)。

      7 小結(jié)和展望

      化療耐藥一直是制約腫瘤化療發(fā)展的瓶頸問題。隨著對(duì)腫瘤化療耐藥研究的不斷深入,大量研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白在腫瘤化療耐藥中發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用,基于免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白為靶點(diǎn)的治療將為腫瘤化療耐藥的防治提供了新的思路。然而,大部分免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白介導(dǎo)的免疫應(yīng)答及介導(dǎo)腫瘤耐藥的機(jī)制尚未完全闡明。目前對(duì)免疫調(diào)節(jié)分子逆轉(zhuǎn)腫瘤耐藥的相關(guān)研究尚缺乏系統(tǒng)的論證,很多免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白尚處于耐藥細(xì)胞系的研究領(lǐng)域,相信隨著對(duì)免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白與腫瘤化療耐藥兩者相關(guān)性認(rèn)識(shí)的不斷加深,以免疫調(diào)節(jié)蛋白為靶點(diǎn)的治療藥物將為腫瘤化療耐藥患者帶來福音。

      1 Riella LV,Paterson AM,Sharpe AH,et al.Role of the PD-1 pathway in the immune response[J].Am J Transplant,2012,12(10):2575-2587.

      2 Creelan BC.Update on immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer[J].Cancer Control,2014,21(1):80-89.

      3 Schalper KA.PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes:Revisiting the antitumor immune response potential in breast cancer[J].Oncoimmunology,2014,3:e29288.

      4 Ghebeh H,Lehe C,Barhoush E,et al.Doxorubicin downregulates cell surface B7-H1 expression and upregulates its nuclear expression in breast cancer cells:role of B7-H1 as an anti-apoptotic molecule[J].Breast Cancer Res,2010,12(4):R48.

      5 Li Y,Wang J,Li C,Ke XY.Contribution of PD-L1 to oncogenesis of lymphoma and its RNAi-based targeting therapy[J].Leuk Lymphoma,2012,53(10):2015-2023.

      6 Nomi T,Sho M,Akahori T,et al.Clinical significance and therapeutic potential of the programmed death-1 ligand/programmed death-1 pathway in human pancreatic cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res, 2007,13(7):2151-2157.

      7 Zielke N,Kim KJ,Tran V,et al.Control of Drosophila endocycles by E2F and CRL4(CDT2)[J].Nature,2011,480(7375):123-127.

      8 Bottino C,Dondero A,Bellora F,et al.Natural killer cells and neuroblastoma:tumor recognition,escape mechanisms,and possible novel immunotherapeutic approaches[J].Front Immunol,2014,5:56.

      9 Liu H,Tekle C,Chen YW,et al.B7-H3 silencing increases paclitaxel sensitivity by abrogating Jak2/Stat3 phosphorylation[J].Mol Cancer Ther,2011,10(6):960-971.

      10 Fauci JM,Sabbatino F,Wang Y,et al.Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy of ovarian cancer:targeting ovarian cancer cells with the B7-H3-specific mAb 376.96[J].Gynecol Oncol,2014,132 (1):203-210.

      11 Naglova H,Bucova M.HMGB1 and its physiological and pathological roles[J].Bratisl Lek Listy,2012,113(3):163-171.

      12 Srinivasan M,Banerjee S,Palmer A,et al.HMGB1 in hormone-related cancer:a potential therapeutic target[J].Horm Cancer,2014,5 (3):127-139.

      13 Sun X,Tang D.HMGB1-dependent and-independent autophagy [J].Autophagy,2014,10(10):1873-1876.

      14 Huang J,Liu K,Yu Y,et al.Targeting HMGB1-mediated autophagy as a novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma[J].Autophagy, 2012,8(2):275-257.

      15 Li X,Wang S,Chen Y,et al.miR-22 targets the 3'UTR of HMGB1 and inhibits the HMGB1-associated autophagy in osteosarcoma cells during chemotherapy[J].Tumour Biol,2014,35(6):6021-6028.

      16 Huang J,Ni J,Liu K,et al.HMGB1 promotes drug resistance in osteosarcoma[J].Cancer Res,2012,72(1):230-238.

      17 Turner A,Li LC,Pilli T,et al.MADD knock-down enhances doxorubicin and TRAIL induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(2):e56817.

      18 Szliszka E,Czuba ZP,Kawczyk-Krupka A,et al.Chlorin-based photodynamic therapy enhances the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)in bladder cancer cells[J].Med Sci Monit,2012,18(1):BR47-53.

      19 Cho SH,Park MH,Lee HP,et al.(E)-2,4-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through downregulation of NF-kappaB/STAT3 pathway[J].Arch Pharm Res,2014,37(5):652-661.

      20 James BR,Griffith TS.Activation of systemic antitumor immunity via TRAIL-induced apoptosis[J].OncoImmunology,2012,1(7):1178-1180.

      21 Cuello M,Ettenberg SA,Nau MM,et al.Synergistic induction of apoptosis by the combination of trail and chemotherapy in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells[J].Gynecol Oncol,2001,81(3):380-390.

      22 Siervo-Sassi RR,Marrangoni AM,Feng X,et al.Physiological and molecular effects of Apo2L/TRAIL and cisplatin in ovarian carcinoma cell lines[J].Cancer Lett,2003,190(1):61-72.

      23 Kim D-Y,Kim M-J,Kim H-B,et al.Suppression of multidrug resistance by treatment with TRAIL in human ovarian and breast cancer cells with high level of c-Myc[J].Biochim Biophys Acta, 2011,1812(7):796-805.

      24 Park SJ,Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K,Safa AR.Selective TRAIL-trig-gered apoptosis due to overexpression of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5)in P-glycoprotein-bearing multidrug resistantCEM/ VBL1000 human leukemia cells[J].Int J Biochem Mol Biol,2010,1 (1):90-100.

      25 Banerjee A,Thamphiwatana S,Carmona EM,et al.Deficiency of the myeloid differentiation primary response molecule MyD88 leads to an early and rapid development of Helicobacter-induced gastric malignancy[J].Infect Immun,2014,82(1):356-363.

      26 Swann JB,Vesely MD,Silva A,et al.Demonstration of inflammation-induced cancer and cancer immunoediting during primary tumorigenesis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008,105(2):652-656.

      27 Kelly MG,Alvero AB,Chen R,et al.TLR-4 signaling promotes tumor growth and paclitaxel chemoresistance in ovarian cancer[J]. Cancer Res,2006,66(7):3859-3868.

      28 Silasi DA,Alvero AB,Illuzzi J,et al.MyD88 predicts chemoresistance to paclitaxel in epithelial ovarian cancer[J].Yale J Biol Med, 2006,79(3-4):153-163.

      29 Huang JM,Zhang GN,Shi Y,et al.Atractylenolide-I sensitizes human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel by blocking activation of TLR4/MyD88-dependent pathway[J].Sci Rep,2014,4:3840.

      30 Walther W,Stein U,Pfeil D.Gene transfer of human TNF alpha into glioblastoma cells permits modulation of mdr1 expression and potentiation of chemosensitivity[J].Int J Cancer,1995,61(6):832-839.

      31 Ding L,Chen XP,Zhang ZW,et al.Study on sensitivity to chemotherapy by combination therapy with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bromocriptine in the multidrug resistant subcell line of HepG2 [J].Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi,2006,44(23):1644-1647.

      32 Tsubaki M,Komai M,Itoh T,et al.Inhibition of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha autocrine loop enhances the sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to anticancer drugs[J].Eur J Cancer,2013,49(17):3708-3717.

      33 Acharyya S,Oskarsson T,Vanharanta S,et al.A CXCL1 paracrine network links cancer chemoresistance and metastasis[J].Cell,2012, 150(1):165-178.

      34 Willrich MA,Murray DL,Snyder MR.Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors:clinical utility in autoimmune diseases[J].Transl Res,2014,pii:S1931-5244(14)00312-0.doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2014.09.006.[Epub ahead of print]

      35 Lee J,Jung HH,Im YH,et al.Interferon-alpha resistance can be reversed by inhibition of IFN-alpha-induced COX-2 expression potentially via STAT1 activation in A549 cells[J].Oncol Rep,2006,15 (6):1541-1549.

      36 Ben Reguiga M,Bouquet C,Farinotti R,et al.Interferon-alpha improves docetaxel antitumoral and antimetastatic efficiency in Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice[J].Life Sci,2012,91(17-18):843-851.

      37 Manara MC,Serra M,Benini S,et al.Effectiveness of Type I interferons in the treatment of multidrug resistant osteosarcoma cells[J]. Int J Oncol,2004,24(2):365-372.

      38.Liedtke C,Groger N,Manns MP,et al.Interferon-alpha enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating caspase-8 transcription in human hepatoma cells[J].J Hepatol,2006,44(2):342-349.

      39 Cho YA,Sung MK,Yeon JY,et al.Prognostic role of interleukin-6, interleukin-8,and leptin levels according to breast cancer subtype [J].Cancer Res Treat,2013,45(3):210-219.

      40 Yan HQ,Huang XB,Ke SZ,et al.Interleukin 6 augments lung cancer chemotherapeutic resistance via ataxia-telangiectasia mutated/ NF-kappaB pathway activation[J].CancerSci,2014,105(9):1220-1227.

      41 Voorhees PM,Chen Q,Kuhn DJ,et al.Inhibition of interleukin-6 signaling with CNTO 328 enhances the activity of bortezomib in preclinical models of multiple myeloma[J].Clin Cancer Res,2007, 13(21):6469-6478.

      42 Duan Z,Lamendola DE,Penson RT,et al.Overexpression of IL-6 but not IL-8 increases paclitaxel resistance of U-2OS human osteosarcoma cells[J].Cytokine,2002,17(5):234-242.

      43.Chang PC,Wang TY,Chang YT,et al.Autophagy pathway is required for IL-6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation and chemoresistance of prostate cancer LNCaP cells[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88556.

      44 Muerkoster S,Wegehenkel K,Arlt A,et al.Tumor stroma interactions induce chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells involving increased secretion and paracrine effects of nitric oxide and interleukin-1beta[J].Cancer Res,2004,64(4):1331-1337.

      45 Yang H,Bueso-Ramos C,DiNardo C,et al.Expression of PD-L1, PD-L2,PD-1 and CTLA4 in myelodysplastic syndromes is enhanced by treatment with hypomethylating agents[J].Leukemia, 2014,28(6):1280-1288.

      (2014-09-21收稿)

      (2014-11-12修回)

      (本文編輯:鄭莉)

      Progression of immunomodulatory molecules in the change of cancer chemotherapy sensitivity

      Li LV,Xin SONG

      Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center,The ThirdAffiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650118,China

      Xin SONG;E-mail:songxin68@126.com

      Intrinsic or acquired chemo-resistance is the main reason for chemotherapy failure,and thus finding ways to reverse chemo-resistance has become an interesting topic for research.Studies have revealed that immunomodulatory molecules are involved in cancer chemo-resistance.Hence,interventions that target immunomodulatory molecules to reverse chemo-resistance have attracted a great deal of concern from domestic and foreign scholars.Immunomodulatory molecules,such as PD-L1,B7-H3,HMGB1,TRAIL, MyD88,and Cytokines(TNF-α,IFN-α,IL-6),have been proven to take part in regulating immune function and tumor drug-resistance characteristics,thereby providing new ideas to the reversal of tumor chemo-resistance.This artide reviews the progression of immunomodulatory molecules with the change in cancer chemotherapy sensitivity to provide a theoretical basis for the application of new therapeutic regimen of bio-chemotherapy.

      immunomodulatory molecules,cytokines,tumor,chemo-resistance

      10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20141608

      昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)第三附屬醫(yī)院云南省腫瘤醫(yī)院生物治療中心(昆明市650118)

      *本文課題受國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)資助項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2012AA02A201)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):81060185、81260307、81470005)、國家衛(wèi)計(jì)委腫瘤科國家臨床重點(diǎn)??祈?xiàng)目(2013-2014)、云南省高層次衛(wèi)生技術(shù)人才-領(lǐng)軍人才項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):L-201213)、云南省應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究面上項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2012FB069)與云南省教育廳科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2013J048)資助

      宋鑫 songxin68@126.com

      This work was supported by the National High-Tech.R&D Program,China(No.2012AA02A201),the National Natural Science

      Foundation of China(Nos.81060185,81260307,81470005),the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Projects of Oncology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(No.Awarded to the Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province: 2013-2014),the Yunnan Province of High-level Health Technicians-Leading Talent(No.L-201213),the Surface Applied Basic Research Projects in Yunnan(No.2012FB069),and the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Fund for Scientific Research Project(No.2013J048).

      呂麗 專業(yè)方向?yàn)槟[瘤生物治療與耐藥相關(guān)性研究。

      E-mail:lvlilvli163@163.com

      猜你喜歡
      免疫調(diào)節(jié)紫杉醇敏感性
      釔對(duì)Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金熱裂敏感性影響
      紫杉醇脂質(zhì)體與紫杉醇不同途徑灌注治療兔舌癌的療效研究
      密蒙花多糖對(duì)免疫低下小鼠的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用
      中成藥(2017年5期)2017-06-13 13:01:12
      脂質(zhì)體紫杉醇周療方案與普通紫杉醇治療乳腺癌的療效及不良反應(yīng)比較
      石見穿多糖對(duì)H22荷瘤小鼠的抗腫瘤免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用
      人參水提液通過免疫調(diào)節(jié)TAMs影響A549增殖
      中成藥(2016年8期)2016-05-17 06:08:15
      AH70DB鋼焊接熱影響區(qū)組織及其冷裂敏感性
      焊接(2016年1期)2016-02-27 12:55:37
      護(hù)理干預(yù)對(duì)預(yù)防紫杉醇過敏反應(yīng)療效觀察
      如何培養(yǎng)和提高新聞敏感性
      新聞傳播(2015年8期)2015-07-18 11:08:24
      微小RNA與食管癌放射敏感性的相關(guān)研究
      鸡东县| 观塘区| 漳浦县| 林芝县| 信阳市| 行唐县| 当阳市| 南通市| 奉节县| 保亭| 曲周县| 克山县| 溧阳市| 鹤壁市| 米易县| 区。| 安宁市| 财经| 正宁县| 宝鸡市| 安化县| 东乡族自治县| 二手房| 柏乡县| 玉树县| 神池县| 阜康市| 舟山市| 静海县| 西乡县| 珠海市| 嵊州市| 保定市| 桑植县| 德州市| 凤阳县| 新疆| 从化市| 固安县| 灵宝市| 霍邱县|