周莉娜++羅愛(ài)平
1. in other words, in a/one word; break ones word, eat one words; have a word with, have words with
(1)in other words意為“換句話說(shuō)”,是對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充、解釋、說(shuō)明。in a/one word意為“總之,簡(jiǎn)而言之”,是對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)。
They asked him to leave — in other words he was fired. 他們請(qǐng)他走人,換句話說(shuō),他被開(kāi)除了。
In a/one word, we must try our best to do the work. 總之,我們必須盡最大努力做這項(xiàng)工作。
(2)break ones word意為“失信,不守諾言”,而eat ones words則意為“收回自己的話,承認(rèn)說(shuō)錯(cuò)了話”,同學(xué)們易從字面意思上來(lái)理解,將這二者的意思混淆。
He has broken his word so many times that I cannot trust him any more. 他經(jīng)常食言,我再也不相信他了。
He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his words after losing several games. 他揚(yáng)言打網(wǎng)球沒(méi)人能贏他,但是在經(jīng)歷過(guò)數(shù)次的失敗后他收回了所說(shuō)的話。
(3)have a word with和have words with的意思大相徑庭,have a word with意為“與……談一談”,而have words with則意為“與……拌嘴,吵架”。
I would like to have a word with you. 我想和你談一談。
I had words with my girlfriend last night. She said she never wanted to see me again. 昨晚,我和女朋友吵架了,她說(shuō)她再也不想見(jiàn)到我了。
2. cut down, cut off, cut up, cut out
(1)cut down 指“把某物砍倒”,也用來(lái)指“削減數(shù)目、縮小尺寸”。
(2)cut off 常用來(lái)指“切斷某物的供應(yīng)”,也指“與外界失去聯(lián)系,與……隔絕”等。
(3)cut up 常用來(lái)指“把某物切碎,剁碎”,也可引申指“使傷心,使悲痛”。
(4)cut out指“將某物切去,剪下,省略”,也可指“停止做某事”。
We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. 我們得把這篇文章壓縮到1000字。
When there is a fire, the first thing you should do is to cut off electricity. 著火后你要做的第一件事就是切斷電源。
She was pretty cut up about their leaving. 他們這一走使她傷心極了。
I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. 我想我做過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)次檢查了,包括有一次檢查,他們從我的腿部切下一小塊肌肉,放在顯微鏡下觀察。
3. declare, announce
(1)announce指正式地“公開(kāi),發(fā)表,宣布”,側(cè)重“預(yù)告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情,尤指新聞之類(lèi)的消息。
(2)declare指正式地、明確地向公眾“宣布,宣告,聲明”,側(cè)重“當(dāng)眾”發(fā)表,多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等。
Have they announced that when the race will begin? 宣布比賽什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始了嗎?
The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776. 1776年美國(guó)宣布脫離英國(guó)而獨(dú)立。
4. leave alone, leave behind, leave aside, leave out
(1)leave alone 指“不管,別惹,別碰”,或指“撇下……一個(gè)人,讓……一個(gè)人待著”。
(2)leave behind 指“留下(不帶走)”,“遺忘”。
(3)leave aside 指“把……擱置一邊”。
(4)leave out 指“遺漏,不考慮”。
Leave my sister alone or Ill tell my father. 離我妹妹遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)兒,否則我就告訴我爸爸。
Ive left my coat behind in the office. 我把外套落在辦公室了。
Lets leave the matter aside for a moment. 讓我先把這個(gè)問(wèn)題放一下。
This is spelt wrongly. You have left out the“e”. 這單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)了,你漏掉了“e”。
5. set aside, set about, set out, set offendprint
(1)set aside指“將……放在一邊”或“為……節(jié)省或保留(錢(qián)或時(shí)間)”。
(2)set about 指“開(kāi)始,著手做……”(后接doing sth)。
(3)set out 指“開(kāi)始,著手做……”(后接 to do sth),也可以指“動(dòng)身,出發(fā),啟程”。
(4)set off 和set out都可以指“動(dòng)身,出發(fā),啟程”,set off 也可以指“燃放(鞭炮等),使爆炸”,也可以引申指“觸發(fā),引起(突然的行動(dòng))”。
Set aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes. 每天都留出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)寫(xiě)作,僅僅5分鐘也行。
I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way. 我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性,以便用最簡(jiǎn)易的方法捕捉它們。
Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. 貝爾并非一開(kāi)始就想發(fā)明電話,他本來(lái)想設(shè)計(jì)的東西是多路電報(bào)。
I think we ought to set off at 7:00, while the roads are empty. 我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該7點(diǎn)出發(fā),趁那時(shí)道路暢通無(wú)阻。
6. as well as, as well, not only…but (also)
(1)as well as指“除……之外,也,和”。 側(cè)重點(diǎn)在前,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同前面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致,當(dāng)連接并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí),后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)名詞形式。as well as 還可以作為比較結(jié)果表示“與……一樣好”。
(2)當(dāng)no only…but also表示“不僅……而且……”。側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致,即A as well as B=not only B but (also) A。
(3)as well 通常單獨(dú)用于句尾,表示“也,既……又……”,相當(dāng)于also,但不能用于否定句。
The teacher, as well as the students,wishes for a holiday. 不光是學(xué)生,老師也希望放假。
Not only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday. 不但老師,而且學(xué)生也希望放假。
She had all her homework to do, as well as looking after her sick father. 她除了要照顧生病的父親,還要完成所有作業(yè)。
He is a host and a writer as well. 他既是一位主持人又是一位作家。
7. common, general, ordinary, usual
(1)common 主要含義是“常見(jiàn)的,普通的,不足為奇的”,指符合具有全體所共有的特征。
(2)general指“普通,一般”,是相對(duì)于“個(gè)別”而言。
(3)ordinary指“平常,平淡無(wú)奇”,其意思與common很近。
(4)usual強(qiáng)調(diào)“習(xí)慣性的,符合規(guī)章制度的”或“一貫如此”。
American football is quite different from the ordinary. 美式足球和普通足球的踢法很不同。
Indeed, it is a common problem to all writers. 事實(shí)上,這是所有作家的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。
We want the general public to get involed. 我們希望大眾都參與進(jìn)來(lái)。
She sat in her usual seat at the back. 她坐在后排平常坐的位子上。
8. become, go, grow, get, turn
(1)become是最正式的用語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)可以是人或物,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
(2)go表示由好的方面向不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化,其主語(yǔ)可以是人或物,但搭配比較固定。
(3)grow側(cè)重逐漸變化,有“成長(zhǎng)”等意思,其主語(yǔ)常為人、動(dòng)物或天氣。
(4)get多表示天氣變化,多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),跟形容詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí),可用“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”形式,表示漸變的趨勢(shì)和短時(shí)性。
(5)turn側(cè)重天氣,顏色的變化。
Now his ambition is to bacome an actor. 現(xiàn)在他的志向是成為一名演員。
The fish has gone bad. 魚(yú)變質(zhì)了。
Truth never grows old. 真理永不過(guò)時(shí)。
The weather is getting quite warm. 天氣漸漸變得很暖和了。
His face turned red. 他的臉變紅了。
9. suitable, fit, proper
(1)suitable 指“適當(dāng)?shù)模m合的,適宜的”。
(2)fit主要指“有資格、能力、條件適合某種目的、某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或某種情況”,有“吻合”的含義。
(3)proper意指對(duì)某種場(chǎng)合是“合適的”或“可以接受的”,與suitable有許多地方想通。endprint
The trap is suitable for catching mice but unsuitable for catching a larger animal. 這種夾子適于捉老鼠,但不適合捉比老鼠更大的動(dòng)物。
People today spend much time seeking the proper way to raise children. 如今,人們?cè)捇ǘ鄷r(shí)間尋找撫養(yǎng)孩子的恰當(dāng)方法。
The water is not fit to drink. 這水不宜飲用。
10. let, allow, permit
(1)allow和permit都表示“允許”,用法也一樣,在許多情況下可以互相換用,只是詞意的強(qiáng)弱有些差別。
(2)let語(yǔ)氣最弱,含“允許,讓”等意。常用let sb do sth,不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。allow語(yǔ)氣較弱,含有“聽(tīng)任,默許,不加阻止”的意思。
(3)permit語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),強(qiáng)調(diào)“正式認(rèn)可,批準(zhǔn)”的意思。
Do you think Dad will allow you to go to Jamies party? 你覺(jué)得爸爸會(huì)允許你去參加杰米的聚會(huì)嗎?
Some people seem to let their kids do whatever they like. 有些家長(zhǎng)似乎放任孩子們?yōu)樗麨椤?/p>
As a punishment, she was not permitted to attend any school activities. 作為懲罰,她被禁止參加學(xué)校的任何活動(dòng)。
1. cut down, cut off, cut up,cut out
(a) Id feel very if I didnt know what was happening in the world.
(b) It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to the animals and remove their skins.
2. declare, announce
(a) It was that there would be a celebration on Sunday.
(b) We have over and over again , that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.
3. set aside, set about, set out, set off
(a) Einstein liked Boses paper so much that he his own work and translated it into German.
(b) For all there years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill my own business someday.
(c) Its ten years since the scientist , on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.
4. suitable, fit, proper
(a) He knows the way to act at the dinner table.
(b) Some water must be treated before it is to drink.
(c) It is not to talk with your mouth full.
5. let, allow, permit
(a) Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didnt , her to do so.
(b) We dont talking in the library.
1. a. cut off b. cut up
2. a. annouced b. declared
3. a. set aside b. set up c. set out
4. a. proper b. fit c. proper
5. a. allow b. permitendprint